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THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF WATER
RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE 1 2
Boltaeva Sh.B. , Narzieva D.M. Email: [email protected]
'Boltaeva Shahnoz Bebudovna - Senior Lecturer; 2Narzieva Dilafiruz Mukhtorovna - Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMY, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article the speech goes about water resources, using water resources and improving their sufficiency. Land - as the primary means of agricultural production, is together with the water. And water is an inevitable factor in agricultural products. Land will become fertile when it gets its optimal wetness and provides with a high yield. For the cultivation of the land it requires too much water. The efficiency of water use in agriculture, the coefficient of efficiency of irrigation system, the coefficient of water use and the irrigation water productivity and per cubic meter of water is measured by the amount of profit.
Keywords: water resources, water distribution, water shortage, complex of water management, water supply, water reservoir, sewage water, water use.
ЭКОНОМИЧНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ
В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ 12 Болтаева Ш.Б. , Нарзиева Д.М.
'Болтаева Шахноз Бебудовна - старший преподаватель;
2Нарзиева Дилафируз Мухторовна - преподаватель, кафедра экономики, Бухарский государственный университет, г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье речь идет о водных ресурсах, использовании водных ресурсов и повышении их достаточности. Земля - как основное средство сельскохозяйственного производства, неотделима от волы. А вода - неизбежный фактор в сельскохозяйственных продуктах. Земля станет плодородной, когда получит оптимальную влажность и даст высокий урожай. Для обработки земли требуется слишком много воды. Эффективность использования воды в сельском хозяйстве, коэффициент полезного действия ирригационной системы, коэффициент использования воды и продуктивность поливной воды на кубический метр воды измеряется размером прибыли.
Ключевые слова: водные ресурсы, водораспределение, дефицит воды, водохозяйственный комплекс, водоснабжение, водопользование.
UDC 338.48
During the period of plant growth, the tons of water will steam into the atmosphere from every hectare of the land. Hundreds of cubic meters of water should run through the plants and evaporate in order to breed a real product. For example, for the cultivation of one ton of potato 1500 cubic meters, for the autumn wheat - 600 cubic meters, for the cotton - 300 cubic meters and for the rice - 13500 cubic meters of water is required. The wetness of the land during the period of growth of the cultural plants should consist of 70-75 % in order to achieve an equitable growth. But the majority part of the land is lower than it.
The disbalance of the wetness of the land negatively influences on the fertility of agricultural plants. It is possible to regulate the water routine of the land only by creating
active balances of wetness in active layer of the land and carrying out activities of the land reclamation which is directed to save it during a whole growing period. Only technologically developed irrigation systems can provide with fully regulating types of soil water routine.
The use of irrigation water is directly linked to the land use in agriculture. The consumer value of the water can only be checked when the ultimate results of irrigational farming are taken into account. Water - as the means of production will lose its value after being separated from production process. The water taken from irrigation resources does have its own features. This water should be directed to the adjusted places in enough amounts at the managed time. Not following these criteria lead to a negative impact on agricultural production. It is government's duty to improve the efficiency of the use of irrigated water. The point matter of the effective use of water resources is to get more products by a little purchases of irrigated water. It can be achieved by carrying out different technologic, organizational and economic activities. The following indicators explain the efficiency of the use of water in irrigated farming:
- Coefficient of efficiency of irrigation system;
- Coefficient of efficiency of the use of water in irrigation system;
- The efficiency of irrigated water.
It has already been pointed out that the majority of the purchased water is irretrievable. One of the explanations for this is the waste of water as the result of exhausting and vaporing it at irrigation systems. These losses will amount to 20-25%, sometimes 40% of all water consumed.
The annual water consumption of the Republic of Uzbekistan is 60 billion cubic meters. 50 billion cubic meters of them used for irrigated farming. It is covered by 1112 cubic meters of water per 17 hectares of the irrigated land. The regional distribution of water differs from 9 thousand cubic meters in Jizzakh, to 18.5 thousand cubic meters in Khorezm per hectare. There are many water reservoirs have been built to regulate the water of Amudarya and Syrdarya in order to prevent the water shortage which happens every 11-13 years.
The protection of pollution of water resources is considered to be one of the most global problems in the world. Solving this problem is being solved in 3 directions:
- The first direction is cleaning activities of water are expanding;
- The second direction is the use of sewage water in farming is widening;
- The third direction is the implementation of activities on re-use of water in a close cycle in industrial enterprises. This will bring an effective result in the future.
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