CC BY
109
DOI 10.14526/02_2018_315
THE CONSUMPTION CULTURE OF SPORTS AND ENERGY DRINKS AND THEIR
EFFECTS ON THE ATHLETE'S HEALTH A field study was conducted on the students of the Higher School of Sports Sciences and
Technologies in Algiers
12 2 Guergour Mohamed - Doctor , Baouche Khaled - Ph.D. , Baizid Abdelkader - Ph.D. ,
Laidani Hakim - Ph.D.
institute of sciences and techniques of physical and sport activities, Tissemsilt University Center,
Algeria
2Institute of sciences and techniques of physical and sport activities, Bouira University, Algeria
E-mail: Khaled.baouchestaps@yahoo.com
Аннотация. Потребление энергетических напитков значительно выросло в последние годы, в силу чего оно сегодня занимает рынок напитков и способствует повышению уровня энергии и бодрости. Энергетические напитки содержат кофеин как необходимый ингредиент и другие вещества, такие как хлорин, энозитол и глюкоронолактон. Целью данного исследования является разделение взглядов спортсменов и их осознание влияния энергетических напитков на спортивный результат. Материалы. Анкета содержала две точки зрения: первая - знание спортсменами различия между спортивными и энергетическими напитками, вторая - проблема со здоровьем, вызванная энергетическими напитками, используемыми спортсменами. Методы исследования. Описательный подход и выборка включала 32 спортсмена, которые были специально отобраны для эксперимента. Результаты. Большинство спортсменов не осознают разницу между пьющими и не понимают риск энергетических напитков для их здоровья. Заключение. Результаты исследования использованы для того, чтобы просвещать спортсменов, чтобы быть более восприимчивыми к проблемам здоровья, которые могут вызвать энергетические напитки. Спортсменам следует принять все необходимые меры предосторожности и использовать энергетический напиток без ущерба для своего здоровья. Ключевые слова: спортивные напитки, энергетические напитки, здоровье. For citations: Guergour Mohamed, Baouche Khaled, Baizid Abdelkader, Laidani Hakim The consumption culture of sports and energy drinks and their effects on the athlete's health. A field study was conducted on the students of the Higher School of Sports Sciences and Technologies in Algiers. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(2): 114-119. DOI 10.14526/02 2018 315
Introduction:
Athletes always look for what enables them to compete and helps them achieve the best they can. Thus, it is obvious that the best efficient way to develop the natural sports abilities is through good training and ideal nutrition. However, in order to achieve the best results from a training program, it matters taking into account the complementary elements and the other products, these all elements are energy supplements for the body.
Generally, the aim of the complementary is raising the level of performance, and specifically it is alleged that these elements lead to increased muscle tissue utilization, increased endurance, enhanced fat burning operation and increased strength. [1] Nevertheless, the surveys show that most of the athletes think that the complementary elements are main elements for sports success, for example, Dr Michael Triner of the British Olympic Medical Committee
stated that % of Olympic athletes use a kind of elements that work on enhancing the performance, and it is sure that the use of complementary elements has increased significantly since 1980s. [2] It should be noted that the choice between the large numbers of the proposed products can be a tough task for the athletes, it can be hard to define which of them is beneficial especially when watching the convincing advertisements, moreover, the manufacturers of these products may use the scientific researches excessively or selectively in an attempt to advertise a product, and the famous athletes' witnesses are considered common tricks to advertise products. International and global intention towards nutrition issues has increased. Thus, four global organizations following to united nations have been created in order to pay more attention to nutrition and remedy and prevent malnutrition, and also work on Spreading health awareness and food culture. As a result, developed countries started paying more attention to human nutrition issue after consulting scientists and interested researchers in health and nutrition fields because of the positive effects that nutrition can do in athletes' life. However, Athletes as others can suffer from many problems related to malnutrition because they are not aware or don't understand well many principles and methods of balanced nutrition, or as a result of body inability to fully benefit from metabolic processes. [3] As a result, selecting sports drinks or energy drinks mostly happens according to the bottle forms or products companies advertising ability without paying attention to the aim to which those drinks were produced or their suitability to the nature of physical activity or the required amount to achieve the sought aim or the right timing to use them, which leads in many times to negative results that reflect on the athletes' health.
Objectives: Attempting to uncover common mistakes between athletes about energy drinks.
> Uncover the correct bases and principles for athletes' nutrition.
> Exposing the suitable liquids and drinks for athletes.
Research Methods and research organization:
After stating a general introduction and proposing the hypothesis according to what suits the research variables, in which we attempted to shed the light on what concerns the subject of the study which is about the operation of The consumption culture of sports and energy drinks and their effects on the athlete's health, in this section, we will move to the practical side and do a field study aiming to achieving the previous planned aims and to what extent the hypotheses can be true.
1- Research Sample:
An intentional sample of 32 athletes from 160 athletes was selected representing the total research community.
2- Research Tools:
we used in this research the questionnaires then we analyzed it according to statistical operations that Confirms the credibility of our research hypothesis
3- The Followed Scientific Method: method is defined as a group of processes and ways that a researcher follow in order to achieve his research [4], that is, the method is necessary for the research because it enlightens the way and helps the researcher in adjusting the dimensions, endeavors, questions and research hypotheses [5], and the researcher used in this study the descriptive method.
4- Research Variables: they are two kinds; we mention them as follows:
S Independent variable: it is the reason in the cause and effect relationship, which is the factor by which we want to measure the results [6], In this study, the independent variable is represented in: the consumption culture of sports and energy drinks.
S Dependent variable: it is defined as whenever changes are made to the values of the independent variable, they will appear on the dependent variable [7]. 5- Statistical Tools: any researcher cannot depend on observations, but depending on
X2 test. [8].
statistics may lead him to the right method - Percentage (triple method). and right results.. .etc. The researcher relied on: Results and their discussion:
1- Discussion and meeting the results of the first partial hypothesis:
- Table (01): it contains the questions administered to athletes which are related to the first
Counted X2 Scheduled X2 Statistical conclusion
Questions Answers Percentage
Select the drink you are taking and classify it according to priority Azero %50 13 7,81
Redbull %25 Statistically significant
TNT %18,75
Another drink %6,25
Do you recognize the difference between energy drinks and sports drinks? yes %81,25 12,5 5,99 Statistically significant
no %18,75
How can energy drinks help you? Concentration %6,25 12,25 5,99 Statistically significant
Attention %37,5
Vigilance %56,25
Do you think that these drinks are suitable for you? yes %62,5 20 3.84 Statistically significant
no %37,5
What is the time to take energy drinks for athletes? morning %31,25 23 7,81 Statistically significant
midday %56,25
evening %12,5
night %00
* From table (01) which includes the questions administered to athletes that are related to the first axis of the first hypothesis which states that athletes do not recognize the difference between sports drinks and energy drinks, it is shown that there are differences of statistical significance in all questions, this is
through X test, at the level of significance
2- Discussing and meeting the results of the second partial hypothesis:
(0.05). We recorded the calculated values (X ) ranging from (12.25) and (23) which are
values bigger than the values of scheduled X2 which are ranging from (3.84) and (7.82) respectively.
- Table(02) including the questions administered to athletes concerning the second axis of the second hypothesis._
Counted X2 Scheduled X2 Statistical conclusion
Questions Answers Percentage
Have you noticed the effect of energy drinks on your health? Yes 84,37% 15,12 3.84 Statistically significant
No 15,62%
What kinds of effects happen when taking energy drinks? yes 74,07% 6,25 3.84 Statistically significant
no 25,93%
Taking energy drinks makes you feel: relief 00% 64,03 5,99 Statistically significant
stress 00%
Vitality and activity 100%
When you take energy drinks, do you feel increase in your heartbeats? yes 68,75% 4,5 3.84 Statistically significant
no 31,25%
Do you suffer from stomach-level disorders after taking energy drinks? yes 75% 04 3.84 Statistically significant
no 25%
What are these disorders? pains 08,33% 19 5,99 Statistically significant
Gases 75%
Diarrhea 16,67%
Do you suffer from muscle cramps after taking energy drinks? yes 18,75% 12,5 3.84 Statistically significant
no 81,25%
Do you think it is better to stay away from these drinks for your health? yes 87,5% 18 3.84 Statistically significant
no 12,5%
* From table (02) which includes the questions administered to athletes that are related to the second axis of the second hypothesis which states that there are health problems on athletes' general health resulting from taking energy drinks, the table shows that there are differences of statistical
9
significance in all questions, this is through X test, at the level of significance (0.05) we
recorded values of counted X ranging between (4) and (64.03) which are values
bigger than the values of scheduled X which range between (3.84) and (7.82) respectively. * Discussion of the results:
many athletes confuse energy drinks with sports drinks. Thus, sports drinks contain simple sugars and mineral salts such as potassium and sodium, thus, they work to
117
compensate the lost liquids from the body and prevent the occurrence of dehydration and provides the body with calories during exercise, that what energy drinks cannot achieve so that they work to expel fluids from the body, therefore athletes should not use the energy drinks as an alternative to the sport drinks. It is noticed that most athletes fall victims to the lies that marketing companies place on packaging labels, so that they take drinks according to the fact that they find the elements they look for written on the bottles or selecting sports drinks or energy drinks is often done through seeing bottle form of the products companies advertising ability regardless to the aim on which those drinks are produced, or Their relevance to the nature of the physical activity practiced or the quantity required to achieve their objectives. [9].
we believe that sports drinks do not contain the same component that the energy drinks do, such as caffeine and amino acids, while they contain very low carbohydrate content compared to energy drinks, they also contain some metabolites such as sodium and potassium, which play a big role in the retention of water in the body and thus protect it from dehydrati on. [10]. When comparing the sports drinks to energy drinks, we find that there is a big difference between them. That is, sports drinks aim at compensating liquids and some lost wastes in sweat during training or working in hot weather for long time. However, energy drinks aim at providing the body with a large amount of metabolic energy (carbohydrates) and mental energy (caffeine and some stimulants, vitamins and herbs). [11]. As an explanation for the second axis, it can be said that taking energy drinks causes an increase in the loss of body fluids and decrease them from the normal level due to the fact that they contain a large amount of caffeine, which lead to dehydration. This last has a negative effect on Cardiovascular functions and body temperature regulation, so that decreased performance and increased incidence of fever diseases. That what emphasized, that the occurrence of A slight
degree of dehydration (loss of 1-2% of body weight) leads to an increase in internal body temperature, due to low blood flow to the skin and low rate of sweat secretion, resulting body's inability to get rid of excess heat caused by metabolism, Thus the occurrence of early fatigue and inability to perform in endurance exercises of less than maximum. [12].
As we see, energy drinks have negative effects on athletes' general health, in addition to the fact that they lead to high blood pressure and increased heartbeat rate, it is also said to have greater risks, such as the possibility of suffering heart attacks for stimulant drinks takers and taking drinks containing caffeine lead to increase in urination, therefore loss of fluids from the body, and this is what the studies have confirmed that the loss of 50% of liquids in Urine within two hours only after taking energy drinks that contain caffeine. Conclusion:
Energy drinks target a wide category of the society, starting from teenagers and youngsters till athletes, through the extensive advertising campaigns that show those drinks as magic drinks that can give those who take them the power to do the impossible. However, there are many studies published by various specialized research centers and international universities that stress to the fact that the damage caused by energy drinks to the health of the athletes is very influential, ranging from addiction, strokes, high blood pressure, and others. In addition, there is a big problem that athletes ignore which is that most energy drinks do not mention all the ingredients on posters fixed on their bottles, those not mentioned ingredients may react with caffeine, the latter affects the heartbeat rate, blood pressure and mental state, especially when taken by a large number by athletes. As a result, many countries in the world banned the entry of these drinks to their borders such as France and Denmark, and as the United States of America stopped some companies and gave an opportunity for some companies to modify some of the incorrect proportions.
The use of such energy substances negatively affects the health of the athletes, because they contain stimulants such as caffeine and high concentrated sugar. Therefore, the doctors, in cooperation with health scientists, launched a large media campaign. Thus, the manufacturers of these drinks were forced to write a statement showing the harm caused by these drinks and write a warning on the back of the box pointing out to the necessity to stay away of the use of these drinks, however, that has not applied yet in Algerian market for unknown reasons.
Therefore, athlete should take all the necessary precautions and know the perfect drinks that cover their needs without exposing their health to danger.
References:
1- Mahmoud Ahmed Hamza, Introduction in Food and Nutrition Sciences, Aldar Aljamia for Publishing, Cairo, 2003.p 17.
2- M. triner, the use of energy drinks, http/www.efsa.euroupa.eu/cs/blobserver/scientific opinion.
3- Mohamed Alhmahmi, Nutrition and health and sports life, Elkitab distribution center, cairo,2000.pp 17- 312.
4- Rachid Zerouati, Training on the Methodology of Scientific Research in Social Sciences, 1st eds, 2002.p119.
5- Jean Claude combessie, The Method in Sociology ( Approaches series), Ed Casbah, Algiers-La découverte, Paris, 1996. p 09.
Submitted: 13.04.2018
6- Deslandes Neve, Introduction in Research, Ed, Paris, 1976, p20
7- Moahamed Hassen Alaoui, Ossama Kamil Rateb, Scientific Research in Physical Education, Sports and Psychology, Dar Alfikr Arabi, Cairo, 1999.p 219.
8- Farid Kamil Abu Zina et Al, Methods of Scientific Research Second Book Statistics in Scientific Research, 1* eds, Dar Almassira for Publishing and Distribution, Arabic University of Aman for Higher Studies, Aman, Jordan, 2006. pp 212213.
9- Amine Farouk, Food and Nutrition, National Academy for Publishing, Lebanon, 2005.p 57.
10- Shehatah Adel, Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks, Dar Almadani for Publishing and Distribution, Djeddah, 2005.p 143.
11- Khaled Alamri, An Integrated Diet Program for Athletes, Dar Alfarouk for Publishing and Distribution, Cairo, 2004.p 39.
12- Baha Eddine Salama, Food Health and Organs Functions, Dar Alfikr Alarabi, Cairo, 2000.p 241.
13- Grankin N.A., Kuznetsova Z.M. Functional state and reserve capacities indices of cadets' organism. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie I mediko-biologicheskie problem fizicheskoj kul'tury I sporta = Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports 2017; 12(3): 37-46. URL: http://www.journal-science.org/ru/article/835.html. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_232 [In Russ., In Engl.].
Author's information:
Guergour Mohamed - Doctor. Institute of sciences and techniques ofphysical and sport activities, Tissemsilt University Center, Algeria
Baouche Khaled - Ph.D. Institute of sciences and techniques of physical and sport activities, Bouira University, Algeria, E-mail: Khaled.baouchestaps@yahoo.com
Baizid Abdelkader - Ph.D. Institute of sciences and techniques of physical and sport activities, Bouira University, Algeria
Laidani Hakim - Ph.D. Institute of sciences and techniques ofphysical and sport activities, Bouira University, Algeria
