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Madyarova M.A. assistant
Tashkent state economy university
THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE FIELD OF
MANAGEMENT
Key words: information, information system, management, method of management, economic information.
In today's many companies, especially in public and private enterprises, we can see the occurrence of various conflicting problems between the workers and the deadline for the work to be completed before it is completed on time. It is in such situations that we need managers, i.e. managers.
"Management process" is often referred to as "management" and is actually derived from the English word "management".
• "Management" is a principle of management that includes actions and methods aimed at a goal.
• "Manager" is an employee who manages a team/enterprise with special knowledge and skills.
Information is both a starting point and a result of the activity of the management apparatus, as well as a condition for the existence of actions, a method of strengthening. As the volume of information increases, the demand for quality indicators of management information also increases.
The management process consists of gathering, transmitting and processing information for the purpose of making management decisions, providing information in the form of management orders and delivering it to the executors.
There are the following types of information: statistical, operational, business management, accounting, financial, supply, technical, marketing, construction, social, etc.
Economic information occupies a special place in the management of production, because it reflects the relations of people in the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material resources. At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of scientific and technical information reflecting the development of production based on scientific and technical progress.
Depending on the source of origin, information is divided into external and internal types of information.
External information consists of messages received from the external environment. These include orders from higher organizations, planning assignments, and information about product sales conditions.
Internal information is formed and consumed in the enterprise or its management. In the enterprise, at the business level, they can include information
about the implementation of the plan by the workshops, material and technical supply, product cost, personnel, labor productivity.
According to the direction, information is divided into primary and managerial (leadership) types of information. Primary information always moves from lower levels of the management system to higher levels, while managerial information moves in the opposite direction. Management information is the result of decision-making based on initial information processing.
Information becomes more important over time. According to the degree of stability, it can be divided into stable, conditional-stable, variable types. Stable information does not change its value over a long period of time (name of the company, its divisions, type of product).
The importance of conditional-stable information remains for a certain period of time. Various standards and regulatory documents can be included in such information at the scale of production in the enterprise. This type of information makes up more than 35% of the general information about the enterprise.
Information should be accurate, clear, objective, meaningful and understandable for decision-making. Information should be small in size, deep in content, and its text should be clear and simple.
In the management of the enterprise, provision of information is carried out by means of various information flows in the form of proper communication, which allow solving a specific production task.
In modern large enterprises, the volume of information reaches up to a million lines of documents, and it is necessary to take into account the need to quickly process all information. For example, in an aviation factory, the daily primary data is a million figures. In such conditions, it is necessary to solve the following problems regarding the organization of working with information:
- development of an acceptable information system;
- development of methods of formation of information flows;
- choosing the optimal methods of receiving and sending information;
- organization of information storage and search;
- mechanization and automation of information processing.
All the work carried out in this direction should ensure the creation of a single general state system of information collection and processing. The collection of information constitutes the information system of management. Information system is a complex set of information that includes documents, information flows, communication channels and technical means of the management object. The collection of information on some part of the management object constitutes a small system. Establishing an acceptable information system is one of the important conditions for designing this or that organizational system of management and its effective operation.
Any manager spends at least 60-70% of his time communicating with employees. It is for this reason that we need soft-skills (we can understand it as a culture of dealings) from "managers".
In order to achieve the goal in front of him, the "Manager" will have to perform the following tasks in sequence:
1. Planning.
2. Organization.
3. Control.
Planning - at this stage, the "manager" plans the tasks facing the enterprise/team, writes down what needs to be done step by step and distributes it to the employees.
Organization - at this stage, the "manager" implements the created plan.
Control is the most important step. Because the success of the work depends on this stage. The "manager" himself is responsible for situations where things don't go well.
At the same time, there are many types of "managers" today. Let's take them as an example:
1) Project Manager - mainly responsible for planning, implementation and timely completion of special projects in companies. Focuses on resource management.
HR Manager - mainly responsible for recruiting personnel in the company, improving their efficiency and improving their qualifications.
1) General Manager - mainly responsible for where the company is going and how well the strategies are set.
2) Product Manager - mainly studies and responds to the company's position in the market and how to adapt to the market based on requirements.
3) Sales Manager - mainly deals with sales and is responsible for its implementation by setting the strategies correctly.
4) Quality Assurance Manager - mainly responsible for quality.
Currently, there are various types of IT companies/organizations, but we
will take the main 2 as an example: Product oriented (working on exactly one product) and Outsource (offering their services to other companies on the basis of a contract).
In product-oriented companies, we mainly use the "Agile" method. Agile includes:
1) Planning
2) Placement according to priority
3) Implementation
4) Testing/Checking
5) Delivery to the customer
6) Review of customer feedback
"Agile" is constantly iterative, that is, after step 6, we consider the customer's opinion and return to step
The main difference from "Agile" is that we do not have constant iteration. Each of the above-mentioned types of management is selected based on the needs of the enterprise/organization and helps the team to work faster, more efficiently, without any conflicts.
References:
1) "Agile Estimating and Planning" by Mike Cohn.
2) https://www.pmi.org/
3) https://agilemanifesto.org/
4) https://business.adobe.com/blog/basics/waterfall
5) V. A. Plotnikov, Proceedings of St. Petersburg State University of Economics, 4 (112), 16-24 (2018).
6). Brynjolfsson E and Kahin, B, eds. (2002). Understanding the Digital Economy. Massach usetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
