CC BY
18Dana SHCHERBAK
Scientific supervisor: Maryna Volosiuk,
PhD (Economics), Associate Professor, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Ukraine
THE CONCEPT OF A «SMART PORT» IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF MARITIME COMPLEX
The term «SMART» in the modern world means the structure of interconnected elements which is based on the information technology. These innovations find places not only in production of smartphones or electric cars, but also globally, affecting such institutions of society as cities, ports and various sectors of economics.
The concept of «SMART» speaks for itself. It stands for: S (Self-directed), M (Motivated), A (Adaptive), R (Resource-enriched), T (Technological) [5].
All these characteristics are not only able to create a basis for interaction with the environment, but also provide the system with opportunities to transform into world trends, control and maintain its activities and effectively achieve its goals.
The concept of «SMART port» is widely used to solve the problems of individual enterprises development, but recent years have shown that these tools can be effectively used at the level of city management, in the long term, ensures sustainable development of the region [3].
«SMART port» is a structure that mainly consists of information and communication technologies with the aim of developing, implementing and controlling sustainable development methods, which are used to solve problems of the urbanization process [4]. The majority of this structure is an intelligent network of interconnected machines that using store data in the cloud system.
Western scientists have been developing the concept of «SMART port» for several decades, pointing out all the advantages and results. If we are talking about the Black Sea region, «SMART ports» are extremely relevant in the context of the domestic maritime complex development [1]. This mainly concerns the creation of port infrastructure and their digitalization.
Modern ports, which are the economic basis of the powerful «SMART port» system, consist of information technology (artificial intelligence, big data). This intelligent model is able to automate processes and connect various participants in the supply chain on platforms that speed up transactions, work with documents. With such technologies, the data that is
collected through interactions between people, institutions and vehicles can help to take better decisions in the future.
On the world conference «The Smart City Expo World Congress», which was devoted to development of the powerful world ports, participants represented some examples and proved the relevance of the «SMART port» concept and its influence to development of the maritime industry of various world economics [4].
Port of Los Angeles created Port Optimizer - a special Port Community. It is a kind of cyber-strength center, where companies and the port can exchange information in regards of cyber risks and the introduction of new environmental technologies [4].
The Port of Hamburg introduced the Port City Model, which aims to develop a tool that simplifies decision easing optimizing port processes. Another new development is BIM (Building Information Modeling), which offers the possibility of planning and maintaining port infrastructure using digital twins [4].
The technological team in the port of Antwerp has invented automated drones to keep an eye on the port. Also, plan to create new opportunities for business for additional remote control or autonomous intelligent ground transportation [4].
With the examples of economical powerful ports we come up with the decision that the concept of «SMART port» effectively implements into logistic activity. It is easy to discover the connection between information technologies and ports activities, as well as an understandable structure [2].
The port, as the main control base, shows that the concept of «SMART port» provides an opportunity to develop the maritime sector of the economy as never before. High-tech solutions and automation create conditions for efficient work and making long-term decisions aimed at the development of the maritime region.
If we are talking about the south of Ukraine, the concept of «SMART port» will be create conditions for the development marine economy and will show all the advantages and positive results since our region is being promising in terms of maritime complex. The south of Ukraine will be able to enter the world cooperation in the field of marine transport and services with a developed logistics system and artificial intelligence.
We have to notice that the concept of «SMART ports» should be implemented in most of the countries in near future. The reason is modernization that happens constantly and new technologies that are discovered more often. The sooner the region starts to implement such technologies and structural elements, the more effective the results of the country's maritime complex will be.
REFERENCES
1. Giffinger, R., Fertcher, C. & Kramar, H. (2007). Smart Cities - Ranking of European Medium-Size Cities. URL: http://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf.
2. Port strategy. URL: https://www.portstrategy.com/
3. Smart port, in line with smart cities. URL: https://piernext.portdebarcelona.cat/
4. What is smart city? URL: https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/markets/digital-identity-and-security
5. Drucker P. Management Practice / P. Drucker. M.: Williams. 2007. 400p.
