CC BY
22
DOI 10.14526/01_1111_167
THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF BONE-MUSCULAR AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS CONDITION OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE AGES MOUNTAIN CLIMBERS, DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF SPORTSMANSHIP
Evgeni S. Antropov - post-graduate, Vera G. Cherkasova - doctor of medical sciences, Sergey V. Muravyev - candidate of medical sciences Perm State Medical University academician E.A. Wagner's Ministry of Health of Russia 26, Str. Peter and Paul, Perm, 614000, Russia Irina V. Krylova - candidate master of sport Mountaineering and Climbing Club "Irbis" Palace of Children (Youth) Creativity Perm, Mountaineering and Climbing Federation Perm 26, of. 3, Str. Timiryazev, Perm, 614007, Russia
E-mail: sergey89.m@mail.ru
Annotation. Competent and valuable diagnostics of cardiovascular and nervous systems, musculoskeletal apparatus provides safe and effective training and competitive process [2]. Sportsmen's health state study, who are children or teen-agers, has its peculiarities, connected with natural dynamic process of anatomic-functional systems of a sportsman's organism growth and maturing [3]. Early revelation of diseases helps to decrease the risk of sports traumatism and organize sports events, taking into consideration the fact of pathological process existence [4]. Moreover, many-sided estimation of health state and a full medical control help to decrease some functional disorders andprovide high sports results achievement [5]. Materials. The difference study of health state among sportsmen-children and sportsmen-teen-agers, who go in for amateur and sports rock-climbing. Research methods: scientific literature analysis and summarizing, computer optic topography, cardiointervalography, posturography and motional testing, methods of time analysis (statistical methods), wave structure analysis of heart rhythm (spectral analysis) and mathematical analysis of the rhythm according to R.M. Baevskiy, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The results of the research showed, that sportsmen-children and sportsmen-teen-agers, who form the team of the region, show great functional activity of triceps of the thigh, which is necessary for the specific sports loads fulfillment. Also in this group of sportsmen more distinct features of spinal deformity are revealed in a kind of "smoothing" of lumbar lordosis and disorder in geometry of pelvis in vertical and horizontal planes of a possible functional origin. Among the groups of comparison there were no valid differences of the results of posturography and cardiointervalography. Conclusion. On the basis of the received results a complex diagnostics of a musculoskeletal apparatus is recommended for sportsmen, who go in for rock-climbing in order to prevent spinal deformity development. Moreover, an urgent need appears for sportsmen's skeletal muscles study with the help of modern diagnostics tests with further development of the separate acts, necessary for a specific physical load fulfillment.
Keywords: rock-climbing, computer optic topography, spinal deformity.
Introduction. Health state estimation of sportsmen is an important part of organizational-administrative component of sportsmen training for competitions [1]. Competent and valuable diagnostics of cardiovascular and nervous systems,
musculoskeletal apparatus provides safe and effective training and competitive process [2].
Sportsmen's health state study, who are children or teen-agers, has its peculiarities, connected with natural dynamic process of anatomic-functional systems of a sportsman's
organism growth and maturing [3]. Early revelation of diseases helps to decrease the risk of sports traumatism and organize sports events, taking into consideration the fact of pathological process existence [4]. Moreover, many-sided estimation of health state and a full medical control help to decrease some functional disorders and provide high sports results achievement [5].
Materials and research organization. The aim of the research: to study the indices differences of health state among sportsmen-children and sportsmen-teen-agers, who go in for amateur and sports rock-climbing.
We studied 30 sportsmen-children and sportsmen-teen-agers (16 girls and 14 boys) at the age of 9 to 17 (the average age 13,40±2,24), who go in for rock-climbing. All sportsmen were divided into 2 groups. The first group (group 1) included 20 people (11 girls and 9 boys), who go in for amateur rock-climbing. The second group (group 2) included 10 sportsmen (5 girls and 5 boys) - the members of teen-agers team of the Perm Territory in sports rock-climbing, who regularly take part in regional and federal competitions. All sportsmen were examined by a traumatologist-orthopedist. Moreover, all sportsmen went through a computer optic topography (ComOT, limited (liability) company "METOS", Novosibirsk, the Russian Federation), which helps to reveal minimal features of spine deformation by means of mathematical analysis of light net deformation, reflected by dorsal surface of a sportsman's body [6].
Also all sportsmen went through cardiointervalography (CIG, Neuro MCP-4/C (myogenic caused potentials), limited (liability) company "Neurosoft" Ivanovo, the Russian Federation). Background recording of a cardiogram was fulfilled in the 1st standard electrocardiographic (ECG) segment in a lying position during 5 minutes after 10 minutes rest. Then orthostatic test was held: a cardiogram was recorded in standing position within 5 minutes [7]. No cases of orthostatic hypotensia were revealed during this test fulfillment. Automatic cardiogram estimation was fulfilled using a program package "Poly-Spectrum"
(limited (liability) company "Neurosoft" Ivanovo, the Russian Federation) with the methods of time analysis (statistical methods), wave structure analysis of heart rate (spectrum analysis) and mathematic analysis of heart rate according to R.M. Baevskiy [7, 8].
Moreover, all sportsmen went through a computer posturography (limited (liability) company "InVitro", "Ambliokor-01D" Saint-Petersburg, the Russian Federation) during 40 seconds- 20 seconds with open (OE) and closed (CE) eyes. The indices of the center of masses were estimated: mean values (M) and mean square deviation (m) of the center of masses position in horizontal (x) and sagittal (y) axes, mean value of deviation of the center of masses position (M±m).
Motional test of muscular belts at hanging complexes "Ekzarta" (group of enterprises "Madin", Nizhniy Novgorod, The Russian Federation) is fulfilled. The quality of motional acts was estimated in points from 0 to 5 from both sides while testing the upper extremity ("protraction of a shoulder on the knees", "retraction of a shoulder on back", "extension of a shoulder on the knees"), lower extremity (hip flexion lying prone), loin and pelvis ("pelvis raise lying on back", "bridge lying on back", "hip abduction in lateral position", "hip putting into lateral position") [8]. Apart from quality absolute values of motional acts in points mean values (M) and a sum (X) of points during the muscles testing of the extremities and girdles of extremities from both sides were calculated. Moreover, the asymmetry coefficient, equal to the ratio of the lowest value of motional act quality from one side to the same value from the opposite side, was calculated.
Diagnostic measures were fulfilled when the students or their representatives gave their consent to medical examination. No complications after mentioned above diagnostic procedures were revealed.
Statistical handling was fulfilled with the help of a program package Statistica 8.0 for Windows. The main results are presented in a form of a median (Me), the 1st and the 3rd quartiles (Q1 and Q3). Comparative estimation of the groups was held with the help of Mann -
Whitney U-test. Valid was considered p<0,05 level.
Results and their discussion. During the results of cardiointervalography and stabilometrics we didn't reveal valid intergroup differences.
According to the results of clinic orthopaedic examination all examined people got the nosologic diagnosis "Posture disorder: "round" back", however ComOT parameters analysis, presented in table 1, helped to reveal valid intergroup differences.
Table 1 - Valid differences of ComOT results in groups of students
Index, unit of measure Description of the index (according to Sarnadskiy V.N. together with other authors, 2000) Group 1 ;n=20) Group 2 (n=10) p*
Q1 Me Q3 Q1 Me Q3
FP, ° Azimuth error in FP of pelvis relative to horizontal -0,52 -0,11 0,55 -2,65 -1,94 -0,67 0,004
H1SR, mm. Height of the right blade bone -distance of the blade HP from the level of acanthas 9,19 15,76 19,94 19,77 22,01 25,17 0,048
PTI-F Integral index body form disorder in FP 0,49 0,78 0,95 0,88 1,07 1,14 0,047
SA1, ° Angle of pelvis inclination in SP relative to vertical axis -23,22 -17,00 -13,06 -26,02 -22,33 -19,46 0,031
HL, mm Height of lordosis arch 1,51 2,09 2,57 2,61 2,68 2,94 0,017
A3L, ° Projective angle of lordosis 1,83 3,66 4,79 3,83 5,06 5,93 0,031
HIL, mm Integral normalized height of lordosis arch 1,38 1,8 2,26 2,14 2,3 2,53 0,027
IH Balance index of lordosis and kyphosis arches height 0,14 0,56 1,93 -1,13 -0,44 0,05 0,004
IA3 Balance index of lordosis and kyphosis projective angles -0,93 0,41 2,52 -2,74 -1,54 0,56 0,020
IHI Balance index of an integral normalized arch height of kyphosis 0,14 0,6 1,67 -0,93 -0,32 0,42 0,012
Notes, here and further: * - level of validity; n - number of people; HP - horizontal plane; FP -frontal plane; SP- sagittal plane.
The presented results prove more distinct spine deformation in the 2nd group. Azimuth error of pelvis in FP relative to horizontal and angle of pelvis inclination relative to vertical axis among the sportsmen from the 2nd group increases the same indices in the 1st group. Dimensional orientation changes of pelvis plane determine predictable disorders of lumbar lordosis geometry. Sportsmen from the 2nd group have validly higher values of lordosis arch height, projective angle of lordosis and integral normalized height of lordosis arch, than among sportsmen from the 1st group. The described
Table 2 - Valid differences of the results
changes are proved by valid changes of integral indices: in the 2nd group the indices of lordosis and kyphosis arches height, lordosis and kyphosis projective angles and also index of an integral normalized arch height of kyphosis turned out to be lower, than among the sportsmen from the 1st group. The height of the right blade bone and the integral index of body form disorder in FP have bigger value among the sportsmen from the 2nd group.
Valid differences, received during the results of motional test study, are presented in table 2.
of ComOT motional test in the groups of
Index, unit of measure Group 1 (n=20) Group 2 (n=10) p
Q1 Me Q3 Q1 Me Q3
Hip flexion lying prone on the left (b.) 4,00 4,00 5,00 4,00 5,00 5,00 0,043
Hip flexion lying prone (b.) X 7,50 8,00 10,00 8,00 10,00 10,00 0,043
Hip flexion lying prone (b.) M 3,75 4,00 5,00 4,00 5,00 5,00 0,043
It is shown that the sportsmen from the 2nd group demonstrate greater effectiveness of a motional act from the side of muscles of lower extremities, in particular quadriceps of a hip, which is in general a postural muscle and provides longer support of a necessary pose during sports loads fulfillment. It should be noted that valid differences of a motional act effectiveness during "hip flexion lying prone" test fulfillment are seen among the groups of sportsmen only in case of the left extremity function estimation. Valid differences of mean value and the sum of points in the groups of sportsmen during mentioned above test fulfillment are the consequence of mathematic actions, directly connected with an absolute value of motional act effectiveness during the
function of the left lower extremity estimation among sportsmen.
Conclusion. The results of the research showed, that sportsmen-children and sportsmen-teen-agers, who go in for amateur and sports rock-climbing, have different level of motional acts effectiveness from the side of lower extremities. Sportsmen, who go in for sports rock-climbing show great functional activity of triceps of the thigh, which is necessary for the specific sports loads fulfillment, connected with holding long necessary body position. However, in this group of sportsmen more distinct features of spinal deformity are revealed in a kind of "smoothing" of lumbar lordosis and disorder in geometry of pelvis in vertical and horizontal planes of a possible functional origin.
Among the groups of comparison there were no valid differences of the results of posturography and it proves more evident functional genesis of the revealed peculiarities of spine deformation, connected with the specificity of physical load on spine muscles. The results of cardiointervalography also didn't reveal valid differences in the groups of comparison and it proves the absence of vivid differences of functional activity of adaptive and regulatory systems of an organism among the sportsmen of different sportsmanship level (children and teen-agers).
On the basis of the received results a complex diagnostics of a musculoskeletal apparatus is recommended for sportsmen, who go in for rock-climbing in order to prevent spinal deformity development. Moreover, an urgent need appears for sportsmen's skeletal muscles study with the help of modern diagnostics tests with further development of the separate acts, necessary for a specific physical load fulfillment.
References
1. Denisenko Y.P., Vysochin Y.V., Yatsenko L.G., Gordeev Y.V. Myorelaxation in the mechanism of special physical working capacity of sportsmen. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie i mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury i sporta [Pedagogical-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports], 2014, vol. 9 no.1, pp. 25-32. Available at: http://journal-science.org/en/article/1.html. DOI: 10.14526/14_2014_14.
2. Isaev A. P., Kravchenko A.A., Erlih V.V. Multifunctional and metabolic assessment of the body of highly qualified and highly-country racers - the participants of the Russian Championship. Vestnik YuUrGU, seriya «Obrazovanie, zdravoohranenie, fizicheskaya kul'tura» [Bulletin of South Ural State University, a series of "Education, health care, physical culture"], 2012, no 28, pp. 27-31 (in Russian).
3. Razgulin S. A., Piskarev Yu.G., Trofimov S.A. Modern medical and information technologies to assess the health status of persons in hazardous occupations. Medicinskiy almanah [Medical almanac], 2010, no 3 (12), pp. 11-14 (in Russian).
4. Babikova A. S., Nasybullina G.M. Byulleten The health of children is systematically involved in sports. Biulleten' VSNTs SO RAMN [Bulletin ESSC SB RAMS], 2013, no 3 (91), pp. 40-43 (in Russian).
Submitted: 11.11.2016 Received: 14.11.2016
5. Kallaur E. G. Clinical and laboratory criteria for selecting children for sports. Vestnik VGMU [Bulletin VGMU], 2011, no 3 (Vol. 10), pp. 80-85 (in Russian).
6. Korepanova Y.A., Panachev V.D. Students healthy life-style components study. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie i mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury i sporta [Pedagogical-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports], 2014, Vol. 9 no.2, pp. 3238. Available at: http://journal-science.org/ru/article/54. html. DOI: 10.14526/00_1111_04.
7. Kolesnik A.I. The theoretical justification for methods of ecological self upbringing. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie i mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury i sporta [Pedagogical-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports], 2014, vol. 9 no.3, pp. 53-58. Available at: http ://j ournal-science.org/ru/article/103. html. DOI: 10.14526/08_2014_08.
8. Nazarenko L.D., Panova E.O. The formation of the responsible attitude of pedagogical high school students for academic studies on physical training as a condition of increase of their efficiency. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie i mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury i sporta [Pedagogical-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports], 2014, vol. 9 no.3, pp. 8390. Available at: http://journal-science.org/ru/article/107.html. DOI: 10.14526/08_2014_12.
9. Tatarintseva R. YA., Ezhova N.M New approaches to the effective rehabilitation of the highest achievements in sport. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Fizicheskaya kultura. Sport [News of the Tula State University. Physical Culture. Sport], 2014, no 2, pp. 163-168 (in Russian).
10. Sarnadskiy V. N., Fomichev N.G. Monitoring deformacii pozvonochnika metodom kompyuternoy opticheskoy topografii [Monitoring of spinal deformity by computer optical topography]. Novosibirsk, NIITO, 2000, 44 p.
11. Mikhailov V. M. Variabelnost' ritma serdca. Opyt prakticheskogo primeneniya metoda [Heart rate variability. The experience of the practical application of the method]. Ivanovo, Ivanovskaya obl. tip., 2000, 200 p.
12. Kravtsova E. Yu., Obuhov A.S. Status of adaptation and compensation systems in children with organic brain lesions in the course of the school year according to the variation cardiointervalography. Medicinskiy almanah [Medical almanac], 2012, no 5(24), pp. 119-121 (in Russian).
13. Programma kursa EKZARTA-SILVER (Ekzarta-1) [The course EKZARTA-SILVER]. Nizhniy Novgorod, GK «Madin», 135 p.
Muravyev Sergey Vladimirovich - candidate of medical Sciences, assistant of medical rehabilitation and sports medicine department «Perm state medical university named after academician E.A. Wagner» of Russia health Ministry, methodist of the scientific-educational center of sports medicine and medical rehabilitation «Perm state medical university named after academician E.A. Wagner» of Ministry of health of Russia, Str. Peter and Paul, 26, Perm, 614000, Russia, E-mail: sergey89.m@mail.ru.
Cherkasova Vera Georgievna - doctor of medical Sciences, head of medical rehabilitation and sports medicine «Perm state medical university named after academician E.A. Wagner» of Russia Ministry health, director of the scientific-educational center of sports medicine and medical rehabilitation «Perm state medical university named after academician E.A. Wagner» of Ministry of health of Russia, Str. Peter and Paul, 26, Perm, 614000, Russia.
Antropov Evgeniy Sergeevich - post-graduate student of medical rehabilitation and sports medicine «Perm state medical university named after academician E.A. Wagner» department of Russia Ministry health, Str. Peter and Paul, 26, Perm, 614000, Russia.
Krylova Irina Vladimirovna - candidate master of sport, coach-teacher club of mountaineering and climbing "Irbis" Palace of children and youth creativity Perm, the Chairman of of the Perm region mountaineering and climbing judges Board Federation, Str. Timiryazev, 26, of. 3, Perm, 614007, Russia.
