CC BY
13
DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2020-15-3-13-18
The body's energy supply systems of young karateka
KapralovaA.M.*, AnisimovaA. U., GibadullinI.G.
Izhevsk State Technical University named after M. T. Kalashnikov, Izhevsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-1204-038X, a.mihailova@udm.ru* ORCID: 0000-0002-5899-91, lubarik17@rambler.ru ORCID: 0000-0001-6386-1121, ffkis@istu.ru
Abstract. Oriental combat sport in this country becomes more and more popular. Analyzing the tendencies of oriental combat sport development, many specialists mention the increase of competitions participants, this kind of sport popularization among young people and children, age limits decrease for the lessons start and for the opportunity to take part in different level competitions, athletes' technical and tactical readiness improvement, which leads to the necessity to search for new approaches to the system and process of sports training for those, who go in for oriental combat sport (sports discipline "Sito-ryu"). Material. The article presents the research results, held with the help of functional state and reserve capacities express-diagnostics method «D&K-Test» in order to reveal the bioenergetics type of people, who go in for oriental combat sport (Sito-ryu). Research methods: scientific literature analysis and summarizing, functional state and reserve capacities express-diagnostics method «D&K-Test», methods of mathematical statistics. Result. The research results, held among those, who go in for oriental combat sport (sports discipline "Sito-ryu"), show that the ratio of the representatives of energy supply types changes from the category to the category, but almost in each group anaerobic type representatives prevail. Anaerobic type of organism energy supply includes the athletes of the fourth (anaerobic-aerobic bioenergetic profile) and the fifth (anaerobic bioenergetic profile) groups. Conclusion. Competitive actions in oriental combat sport (Sito-ryu) should be fulfilled with a high level of accuracy in terms of time deficiency with a high level of nervous-emotional tension [8], which demands high level of speed-power oriented qualities and coordinating abilities development from an athlete and it corresponds with the abilities of athletes, who belong to anaerobic type of organism energy supply.
Keyword: young karateka, Eastern martial arts, bioenergetic types, planning the training process.
For citation: A. M. Kapralov, M. A.*, Anisimov A. U., Gibadullin, I. G., The body's energy supply systems of young karateka. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2020; 15(3): 10-14. DOI: 10.14526/20704798-2020-15-3-13-18
RELEVANCE highly qualified athletes as well as athletes who train
Eastern martial arts become more popular in our at various stages of long-term training depends on
country. Sports discipline "Shito-ryu "is very popular, that. The achievements growth in Eastern martial
spectacular and successfully developing sport" arts is determined by the continuous improvement
Karate Shito-ryu " all over the world. International, of the training system. Special attention should be
all-Russian, and regional competitions are paid to improving the training system of athletes
represented by an extensive program. who train at the initial stage of sports training.
Many experts note the growing number of During this period the base of general physical
participants, popularization of this sport among training is laid [6].
youth and children, reduced age limits of According to a number of researchers (I. G.
participation, improvement of technical and tactical Gibadullin, CH. a. Gizatullina, S. A. Dushanin, V.
preparedness of athletes. That leads to competition P. Karpenko, V. S. Kozhevnikov, R. E. Petrov, etc.)
increasing and searching new approaches to system [2, 3, 7], functional and reserve capabilities are
and process of sports training (sport discipline individual, which is determined by the genotypic
"Shito-ryu») [9]. conditionality of aerobic and anaerobic capabilities.
In this regard, it remains important to improve all There are additional opportunities to increase the
aspects of training. The sporting achievements of level of athletes' functional fitness by improving the
mechanism of adaptation to training and competitive loads without compromising their health. But there are almost no studies describing load planning based on bioenergetic types of young karateka.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
The study was conducted on the basis of the Institute of physical culture and sports named after A. I. Tikhonov FSBEI of HE "IzhSTU named after M. T. Kalashnikov". The students of the RPCSPO "Federation of Eastern martial arts Sito-ryu of the Udmurt Republic" Izhevsk, RPCSPO "Federation of Eastern martial arts of the Udmurt Republic" Izhevsk, studying at various stages of sports training engaged. The study involved 105 people. The method of rapid diagnostics of the body's
Table 1 - Types of energy supply for athletes who do
functional state and reserve capabilities was used to determine athletes' belonging to one of the bioenergetic types. The program analyzes the height of the R and S scars of the electrocardiogram which is taken in standard and thoracic leads. The indicators are calculated that characterize the power, capacity, and efficiency of anaerobic and aerobic systems for providing muscle activity [4].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The study obtained the results presented in tables 1-7, figure 1, described below. Among the athletes who do not have an athletic title, sportsmen of the anaerobic type of energy supply predominate (63.3%), athletes of the mixed type of energy supply (30%), and the smallest number of representatives of the aerobic type (6.7%) (table 1).
not have an athletes title
Surveyed athletes number Types of energy supply
Aerobic type Mixed type Anaerobic type
Number % Number % Number %
15 1 6,7% 5 30% 9 63,3%
Among the Third-Class Junior athletes, the types of body energy supply were distributed as follows: representatives of the anaerobic type (63.3%), mixed athletes (25.3%) and aerobic type (11.4%) (table 2).
Table 2 - Energy supply types for the Third-Class Junior athletes.
Surveyed athletes number Types of energy supply
Aerobic type Mixed type Anaerobic type
Number % Number % Number %
15 3 11,4% 4 25,3% 8 63,3%
There were no representatives with the aerobic type of body's energy supply among the Second-Class Junior athletes. The anaerobic type of energy supply prevails (66.6%), athletes with a mixed type (33.4%) (table 3).
Table 3 - Energy supply types for the Second-Class Junior athletes.
Surveyed athletes number Types of energy supply
Aerobic type Mixed type Anaerobic type
Number % Number % Number %
15 0 0% 5 33,4% 10 66,6%
Among the First-Class Junior athletes, the predominance of the anaerobic type of energy supply is observed. The indicator of anaerobic type is (46.2%), the number of mixed-type athletes (23.1%), the number of aerobic athletes has increased (30.7%) (table 4).
Table 4 - Energy supply types for the First-Class Junior athletes.
Surveyed athletes number Types of energy supply
Aerobic type Mixed type Anaerobic type
Number % Number % Number %
15 5 30,7% 3 23,1% 7 46,2%
A completely different distribution of energy supply types among the Third-Class athletes. There are no representatives of the mixed type. 24.5% of athletes engaged in aerobic energy supply type. The number of representatives of the anaerobic type increased sharply (75.5%) (table 5).
Table 5 - Energy supply types for the Third-Class athletes.
Surveyed athletes number Types of energy supply
Aerobic type Mixed type Anaerobic type
Number % Number % Number %
15 3 24,5% 0 0% 12 75,5%
Among the Second-Class athletes increased the representatives' number of the aerobic energy type (50.5%), decreased the number of an anaerobic energy type (49,5%), and absolutely no representatives of a mixed type (table 6).
Table 6 - Energy supply types for the Second-Class athletes.
Surveyed athletes number Types of energy supply
Aerobic type Mixed type Anaerobic type
Number % Number % Number %
15 8 50,5% 0 0% 7 49,5%
There is a similar picture among the First-Class athletes. There are no representatives of the mixed type of energy supply, the number of representatives of the anaerobic type is lower (49.5%) than the aerobic type (50.5%) (table 7).
Table 7 - Energy supply types for the First-Class athletes.
Surveyed athletes number Types of energy supply
Aerobic type Mixed type Anaerobic type
Number % Number % Number %
15 8 50,5% 0 0% 7 49,5%
CONCLUSIONS
It is clear that the energy supply types for athletes varies in different groups. Almost every group is dominated by anaerobic types, which is quite understandable. The anaerobic type of body's energy supply includes athletes of the fourth (anaerobic-aerobic bioenergetic profile) and fifth (anaerobic bioenergetic profile) groups. Dushanin S. A. gives the following characteristics to
representatives of these bioenergetic profiles. Students belonging to the fourth bioenergetic group are characterized by the ability to make the right decision in conditions of submaximal stress. Their main characteristics are: excitability, irritability, guilelessness, reasonableness, lack of sociability, brevity in statements, lack of a tendency to listen to the opinions of others, intolerance to cunning in relation to themselves, lack of communication skills.
sa,oo?s
TO.OOiEi
JJdJllll
-jS" rff* ^ jgf-
^ ^ ^ jf
^ X ^ ^ ^ / ^ ^ ^
■ Aerobic type BMreed type ■ Anaerobic type
Fig. 1. Energy supply types for athletes of different levels of fitness
Athletes of this type are resistant to external stimulus, strictly control their own behavior, do not lose their composure, and confidently protect themselves and others under stress. The predominant temperament is sanguine-melancholic (extra-introvert). Students of the fifth bioenergetic group are characterized by the material motivation predominance over sports. Their main characteristics are: the ability to make a quick and correct decision under stress of various strengths, a minimum level of personal anxiety, excitability, irritability, a high level of situational anxiety, ingenuousness, unsociability, brevity in statements. Athletes of this type are highly resistant to external stimulus, are able to control their behavior, do not lose their composure, and confidently protect themselves and others under stress. The predominant temperament is melancholic (introvert).
Since competitive actions must be performed with high accuracy in conditions of time deficit on the background of high nervous and emotional stress [8], the manifestation of these qualities are necessary for successful activity in Eastern martial arts (Shito-ryu). The competitive actions must be performed with high accuracy in time deficit and high nervous and emotional stress [8]. Eastern martial arts
(Shito-ryu) requires a high level of speed, strength qualities and coordination abilities. It occurs to the capabilities of the anaerobic type athletes.
REFERENCES
1. Gibadullin I. G. Structure of physical fitness and system of complex control in long-term training of biathletes: monograph. Izhevsk: publishing house of ISTU. 2009 [In Russ.]
2. Gibadullin I. G., Kozhevnikov V. S. Features of planning the training process for football players aged 15-16 years based on their bioenergetic types: Monogr. Izhevsk: Izhevsk State Technical University named after Kalashnikov M.T. 2011 [In Russ.]
3. Gizatullina CH. A. Functional training of athletes with different types of blood circulation and bioenergetics: author's thesis of the candidate of pedagogical Sciences. Naberezhnye Chelny. 2013 [In Russ.].
4. Zyukin A. V., Anisimova A. U., Vorotova M. S., Rubtsova L. V. Indicators dynamics of reserve and functional students' capabilities of the 1st-3rd courses. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2020; 15(1): 300-308. DOI: 10.14526/20704798-2020-15-1-176-186 [In Russ., In Engl.]
5. Matveev L. P. Theory and methods of physical culture: textbook for institutes of physical culture. M.: Physical culture and sport. 1991. [In Russ.].
6. Nikitushkin V. G. Modern training of young athletes: a methodological guide. Moscow. 2009. [In Russ.].
7. Petrov R. E. Physical training of skiers-racers
taking into account the bioenergetic type: author's thesis of the candidate of pedagogical Sciences. Naberezhnye Chelny. 2014. [In Russ.]. 8. Rovny A. S., Rovnaya O. A., Galimsky V. A. Coordination abilities optimization of young karateka at the stage of preliminary basic training. Slobozhansky scientific sports Herald. 2015; 3 (47):
93-98. [In Russ.].
9. Chernyaev V. V., Dushchenko S. A. Physical training of young karateka for sports duels (discipline "Limited contact"). Bulletin of Tambov University. Series of humanitarian Sciences. 2016:
10. [In Russ.].
Submitted: 15.07.2020 Author's information:
Kapralova Alexandra Mikhailovna - associate Professor, Izhevsk State Technical University named after M. T. Kalashnikov, associate Professor 426069, Russia, Izhevsk, Studentskaya str., 7, e-mail: alex-izhevsk@mail.ru
Anisimova Alexandra Urievna - candidate of pedagogical Sciences, associate Professor, Izhevsk State Technical University named after M. T. Kalashnikov, 426069, Russia, Izhevsk, Studentskaya str.,7, e-mail: lubarik17@rambler.ru
Gibadullin Ildus Giniyatullovich - doctor of pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Izhevsk State Technical University named after M. T. Kalashnikov, 426069, Russia, Izhevsk, Studentskaya str., 7, e-mail: ffkis@ istu.ru
