CC BY
31видеть культурные сходства между представителями различных культурных групп
стран изучаемых языков, тем самым расширяя рамки собственной групповой
принадлежности за пределы политических границ родной страны.
Список литературы
1. Сысоев П.В. Языковое поликультурное образование/ П.В. Сысоев // Иностранные языки в школе, 2006. № 4. С. 2-14.
2. ЗубрилинаИ.В. // Замежныя мовы у РБ, 2013. № 3. С. 24-29.
3. Golovanova E.I. Vvedenie v kognitiv. Vvedenie v kognitivnoe terminovedenie: ucheb. posobie. M., 2011. 224 s.
4. Rashidov A.S. Interpretation and its peculiar features in communication. "Nauchno'y jurnal". № 5 (18), 2017. C. 71.
5. Ho'janova M.I., Muyassarov B.K. The ways of improving the writing skills of the students of non-philological faculty. "Nauchno'y jurnal". № 5 (18), 2017. C. 75.
6. Mamatkulova B.R. Kontsept «ognya» i protsess ego izucheniya v istorii. «Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya». № 5 (16), 2017. Str. 39.
7. Bazarova L.B. Learning foreign language through reading. «Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya». № 5 (16), 2017. Str 40.
THE ANALYSIS OF ANTONYMOUS TRANSLATION BY MEANS OF ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN TRANSFORMATION Khudaybergenova N.R.
Khudaybergenova Nodira Rustamovna - Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT, PHILOLOGY FACULTY, GULISTANSTATE UNIVERSITY, GULISTAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article is devoted to explore the world of translation by the help of antonymic approach. Here author claims that in most cases the translation from source into target language occurs in different way, to which the interpreter or other readers pay no attention. She also says that if we take a close look while translating something we can see that the process is not going on the basis of chronology. It sometimes changes the direction using the opposing points where this may not effect on the original meaning. Keywords: transformation, rendering, affirmative, negative, opposite.
Antonymous translation is a lexico-grammatical device which consists in replacing an affirmative phrase in the source language sentence by a negative one in the target language sentence, and vice versa. This transformation is accompanied by replacing one of the words in the original sentence by its antonym in the resulting sentence.
Antonymic translation is employed for the sake of achieving faithfulness in conveying content or the necessary expressiveness of sense units.
It represents a way of rendering when an affirmative in structure language unit (word, word-combination or sentence) is conveyed via a negative in sense or structure but identical in content language unit, or back forth: a negative in sense or structure sense unit is translated via an affirmative sense unit [1.95]. Compare: to have quite a few friends/иметь немало друзей; mind your own business/не вмешивайся не в свои дела', take it easy - не переживай. The essence of antonymic translation is substitution of an affirmative construction into a negative one or a negative form into an affirmative form. Let us analyze some examples.
If you want to cross the street remember to look at the traffic lights first / Если хочешь пересечь улицу, не забудь сначала посмотреть на светофор.
The sentence which is affirmative in its form is translated by means of a negative sentence, because in the Russian language the verb 'to remember' is not combined with an infinitive. It is impossible to translate this sentence without antonym for stylistic reasons: «... помни о том, чтобы посмотреть на светофор». Stylistic rules of the Russian language do not allow for such a ponderous, alien construction. The following negative sentence with the conjunction 'until' is translated with the help of an affirmative sentence:
I did not believe it until I saw it with my own eyes / Я поверил этому только, когда увидел собственными глазами.
Of course, it is quite possible to translate the verb in the negative form: «Я не верю этому до тех пор пока не увидел это собственными глазами».
However, this option is more cumbersome. In the following sentence there is a litotes (an affirmative sentence expressed by means of a negative form).
He was a trifle excited - but that is not unusual of him / Он был несколько взволнован, но он почти всегда такой.
Here we have litotes (affirmative statement in the negative form). Litotes is very common in the English language due to the large number of negative prefixes. Words with prefix 'non' are rarely combined in the Russian language with the negative particle 'not' because such combination does not sound well.
In Russian the negative prefix 'не' coincides in its form with negative particle 'не', while in English they differ (un- in-, im-, etc. and the negative suffix -less on the one hand and the particle "not" on the other hand); so it is quite normal to say "not impossible" in English, while in Russian to say "не невозможно" is bad because it is not expressed according to the norm of the language [2.143].
Antonymous translation presupposes a lexical and grammatical transformation in which substitution of an affirmative form in the source language is changed into the negative form in the target language and in reverse and this process is accompanied by the substitution of the unit of the source language into the unit with an opposite meaning in the target language. Nothing changed in my home town / Все осталось прежним в моем родном городе. In the Anglo-Russian translations this kind of transformation is used most often when the original negative form is used with the word having a negative prefix: She is not unworthy of your attention / Она вполне заслуживает вашего внимания. This also includes the use of the negative form and negative conjunctions 'until' and 'unless': The United States did not enter the war until April 1917 / Соединенные Штаты вступили в войну только в апреле 1917 года.
In antonymous translation the original unit can be replaced not only by the opposite unit in the target language but also by other words and combinations that express the opposite idea: The railroad unions excluded Negroes from their membership / Профсоюзы железнодорожников не принимали в свои ряды негров. It is necessary to note that negation can be expressed by other means as well.
For example with the conjunction 'without'.
He never came home without bringing something for the kids / Приходя домой он всегда приносил что-нибудь детям.
Thus, the necessity for the antonymic translation and corresponding transformations arises due to several reasons: peculiarities of the systems of source and target languages, contextual requirements and traditional norms of the target language.
References
1. БархударовЛ.С. Язык и перевод. М., 1975.
2. The Effectiveness Of Role Play In Classroom. Научно-методический журнал -
Научный журнал. № 6 (19), 2017. Том 2.
