CC BY
12
DOI 10.46566/2225-1545_2020_1_79_276 UDK 914-919
Turdimambetov I.R., Doctor of Science in Geography
Associate Professor Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh Uzaqbaev Q.K., Doctoral Candidate Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz
Oteuliev M.O., Doctoral Candidate Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh
TERRITORIAL FORMATION OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Annotation: This article analyzes the problems of geographical location of kindergartens and schools, their coverage of kindergarteners and schoolchildren, and gives some recommendations for their improvement.
Keywords: services, educational institutions, education, kindergarten, school, mile
Introduction. The education system, which is one of the spheres of public services, is the basis of the development of any state. Because the highly classified labor force that drives the economy emerges as a result of the education system. In the history of the world or today, the countries with the strongest education system are the most developed countries in the world. Supporting "smart" people with strong innovative abilities, who have widely implemented innovations in the education system, is the basis for the comprehensive development of these countries. We can see that the education system in the developed countries of the world is different from other countries, the priority of science, along with theory, is that practice is very well organized.
President address to the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on January 24, 2020, he said, "First of all, science and high spirituality are needed to raise the level of knowledge, not only of our youth, but of all members of society. Where there is no knowledge, there will be backwardness, ignorance and, of course, misguidance" [1].
As a result of the President's special attention to the education system, great tasks and the accumulated problems are being solved in this section.
The location, development of organizations of the education system and the study of their territorial differences are studied in the Geography of education and the Geography of services, which is a branch of Socio-economic Geography. If there is an education system in any region or area, its subject is the education system in that area, i.e. pre-school education, general secondary education institutions, and secondary special, professional education. Activities of
educational institutions, postgraduate education institutions, retraining and professional development organizations and the number of students in them, the regional specificity of the number of out-of-school students are description of their peculiarities [4].
Education is the main branch of social services to the population. This system in our country: pre-school education (kindergartens), general secondary education (general secondary schools), secondary special, professional education (academic lyceums, professional colleges, technical schools near higher educational institutions), higher education (Higher Education Institutions), postgraduate education, retraining and professional development and out-of-school education systems.
Materials. Preschool education institutions are the beginning of the education system, which plays an important role in the educational upbringing of children. There are 809 kindergartens in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, of which 419 are located in cities and 390 in rural areas [5]. The capacity of kindergartens to receive children is 68,651 children, and today 94,826 children are upbringing education. That is, 26,175 children were placed in additional rounds due to lack of places in kindergartens. The admission of kindergartens in cities is 35,698 children, in which 58,758 children are accepted, the level of involvement of kindergartens is 164.6%. The number of children admitted to kindergartens in the villages is 32953 children, in which 36068 children are placed or the level of involvement of kindergartens is 109.4%.
Table 1
Preschool education system
Name Total Hence,
In the city In the village
The total number of preschool education institutions 809 419 390
- child acceptance capacity 68651 35698 32953
- number of the upbringing children 94826 58758 36068
- number of coverage by capacity, % 138,1 164,6 109,4
- number of foster children 4333 2632 1701
hence non-state kindergartens 411 197 214
- child acceptance capacity 14441 7617 6824
- number of the upbringing children 13294 7009 6285
- number of coverage by capacity, % 92,1 92,0 92,1
- number of foster children 534
Preschool children aged 3-6 155561 73267 82294
Involvement of children in preschool educational institutions (%) 61,0 80,2 43,8
Results and discussion. In terms of districts, the number of children aged 3 to 6 in Nukus is 23032. There are 19,203 children in 12,950 places in 99 kindergartens in the city. Kindergarten enrollment in the city is the second highest in the country after Muynak district.
It is known that large service areas are located in densely populated areas. The system is of high quality, high level of service and everyone uses the services provided to the population in an orderly manner. Their impact force is expressed in terms of service radius and is calculated using the following formula:
c VAsr
RSr =-x 1000
n
Here: RSr - service radius;
ASr - a certain type of service area;
n - the number of service providers of a particular type;
The rate of transition per meter per 1,000 kilometers [3].
The geographical location of kindergartens in district centers or villages differs from that in kindergartens in Nukus. For example, the area of Nukus is 220 km2, the number of kindergartens is 99. These indicators can be used to determine the average service radius of kindergartens. To calculate this, we use the following formula:
c V^Sr V220 14,8
RSr =-= —— = —- « 0,15 x 1000 = 150
n 99 99
In Nukus, the average service radius of each kindergarten is 150 meters or 0.15 kilometers. This is a relative average, and the population density in the Nukus Mahalla Citizens' Assemblies varies.
According to this indicator, Nukus district has an area of 940 km2 and 29 kindergartens.
c V^Sr V940 30,6
RSr =-= —— = —- « 1,06 x 1000 = 1060
n 29 29
The average service radius of each kindergarten in Nukus district is 1060 meters or 1.06 kilometers. This indicator may decrease in Akmangit village, the center of the district, and increase in Kerder, Kutankol, Tok taw Rural Citizens' Assemblies.
There are currently 344,042 school-age pupils in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, who are fully covered by education. There are 725 general secondary schools, 22 music schools, 22 children's and youth sports schools in the country. There are 197 general secondary schools, 20 music schools, 22 children's and youth sports schools in the cities, and 528 general secondary schools and 2 music schools in the villages. There are no sports schools for children and adolescents in rural areas. This prevents rural children from joining sports and music sections. Attending in cities sports schools or music sections can make it difficult to go long distances, live, and so on.
There are currently 9 HEIs in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, including Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh and Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, with 28,451 bachelors and masters student. The capacity of these higher education institutions is 17124, and 11327 students need additional classrooms.
Conclusion. Based on the above, there are shortcomings in the geographical location of education in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In order to eliminate them, it is necessary to work in accordance with international norms. For example, if kindergartens and schools are built due to the high population density in the cities, it is advisable to establish small kindergartens and schools due to the low population density in the villages and the long distance between the villages. It is clear that the establishment of music schools, sports schools for children and adolescents in rural areas will create opportunities for future world champions and world-renowned musicians in these villages.
References:
1. Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Oliy Majlis (in Uzbek)
2. Komilova N.Q., Jumaxanov Sh.Z., Mirzaaxmedov X.S., Toshpo'latov A.M. Sotsial va madaniy geografiya. - T.: O'zMU, 2019. - 246 p.
3. Nazarov M., Tojieva Z. Ijtimoiy geografiya. - T: 2003.
4. KapaK&nnaKCTaH Pecny6nHKacbiHbiH, экономнкaпbIк;-cоцнaппbIк; paya^naHbiybiHbiH, THHKaprbi KepceTKHmnepu. Nukus, 2020.
5. Ballieva R., Oteuliev M. Peculiarities of the ethnotourism development in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Materials International Scientific and Practical Conference. Protection and Rational Use of Natural Resources of the South Aral Sea Region. Pp. 206-210
