CC BY
35
УДК 528:629.783
О.В. Евстафьев
Лейка Геосистемз, Москва
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ТОЧНОГО ПОЗИЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СПУТНИКОВЫХ БАЗОВЫХ СТАНЦИЙ
O.V. Evstafiev Leica Geosystems
70 Vyatskaya st., Moscow, 121127, Russian Federation
TECHNOLOGIES OF PRECISE POSITIONING WITH THE USE OF THE SATELLITE BASE STATIONS
The basis of the ground-based infrastructure of the systems of the precision determination of space coordinates with the aid of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are the constantly working base stations - frequently designated by abbreviation CORS (Continuous Operation Reference Station).
The constantly working base stations GPS, GLONASS or GPS/GLONASS are established in the form single stations or in the form several continuous operation reference station which form network. The first continuous operation base stations, at the early stage of the development of global navigation satellite systems, were established along the coastline for the translation of the differential corrections (DGPS). Today base stations are established in different places throughout the world, and their quantity constantly grows. The network of base stations ensures united time-spatial geodetic basis, precise and high-precision GNSS measurements, necessary for the wide spectrum of applied problems. For example, with the observations of the deformations of the earth's crust, the creation of geodetic control nets, guarantee of topographic, cadastre and construction work, collection of information for GIS-projects, control of mechanisms, and also for the monitoring after the natural and artificial objects. The network of the permanent GNSS base stations is more effective than the traditional networks of triangulation and polygonometric points. Base stations can be established in any place, where they are necessary, since in contrast to the geodetic points between them does not be required straight visibility. One or two single base stations - this, possibly, everything which is required for operational provisions on territory of region, city, municipal formation, of construction site, open mine workings so forth. The permanent base
stations will be especially effective, when survey or monitoring of objects must be carried out constantly in one and the same territory during the long run. One base station can ideally be suitable for small territory. The network, which consists of the larger number of the permanent base stations, will accomplish works in the larger territory, for example, in the territory of entire state. Base stations and networks of base stations can very strongly differ in the area of the scope and in the complexity of the solution.
Main difference in the network of base stations from the single base station this presence of communication channels for the transmission of data from the remote GNSS receivers of base stations on the server of united computer center. Also this presence of the infrastructure, which ensures the maintenance of operation of base stations, includes electric power supply, a constant a inspection of the state of receivers safety. Both the separate stations and the networks of them, at present, are created and are attended by state, joint-stock and particular organizations. Financing works on creation and operation of the constantly working stations and networks is achieved both of the budget and due to the private capital. Since the budget in the majority of the cases is limited, and base stations themselves and networks of them can considerably be distinguished by the cost, in each specific case accent must displace to the side of the selection of the effective and profitable solution. The organizations, which plan the installation of the constantly working base stations or the creation of the network of base stations must thoroughly consider, for what purposes will be used the data of base stations,
and it is intended to give what services potential users. The level of the complexity of the solution and the cost of project will depend on this.
© O.V. Evstafiev, 2008
