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Section 9. Chemistry
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/AJT-17-1.2-118-120
Abdurakhmanov Ergashboy, Dr., assistant Professor Faculty of Chemistry, Samarkand State University of Uzbekistan Abdurakhmonov Gulomjon, Assoc. Chemistry Department, Samarkand State University of Uzbekistan E-mail: abdugulom-81@mail.ru
Technological scheme and regulation of production of fire retardant on the base of ammophos and ammonia
The work is supported by Fundamental Grant No. "F-7-06" from the Scientific Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Abstract: The technological aspects of production of fire retardant structures on the base of central Kyzyl-Kum phosphorite are investigated. The optimal coditions to extract the fire retardant structures from the phosphorite ore are choosed.
Keywords: Fire retardant, phosphorite ore, technology, filtering, sedimentation, fire protection, physical-chemical properties.
The fire hazard of most distributed sewing materials calls for investigations those's ignition laws. And on the base of the laws creating a new generation of the fire protection instruments namely a fire retardants is today's topical scientific problem [1; 2].
To decrease the combustion hazard of the sewing materials an inorganic and organic bondings with various structures as a fire relievers that is the fire retardants are used. For the goal a few investigations were performed at Samarkand State University [3-5]. Here ammophos, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and other types of chemical materials produced in the cities of Uzbekistan as Samarkand, Almalik, Navoi, Chirchik were used.
Tests made on the structures of the fire protection materials obtained on the base of those chemical substances by handling with them the woody materials, the cotton during transportation and storing, the sewing materials which used by covering the cotton fibre clews gave efficient results. Therefore engeenering of a technological scheme of the fire retardant production and its regulation on the base of the ammophos and the ammonia setted up as the topical task.
In present work the production technology of the fire retardant is proposed. It includes following steps:
- preparation of ammophos water solution;
- neutralization of the ammophos solution by ammonia;
- cleaning the solution from mechanical impurities by sedimentation.
Fig. 1 shows the principal technological production scheme of the luqid fire retardant. Here the ammophos mixed with water is delivered through admixer (1) to neutralizator reactor (2) and the ammonia is added to it by bubbler flask (3). Then the solution is mixed inten-sivly by the admixer (4). Since the process finished the liquid bulk in the neutralizator (2) is filled into vertical type periodical sedimentator (5). At the end of the process the liquid phase is extracted and the product is stored in storage device (6). The leakless bulk in the bottom of the sedimentator (5) is carried then with water into horizontal type sectional sedimentator (7) and extraction process of the solid phase here takes place. After heating in (9) the sewage is delivered through water pump (8) to the top of the process (1) in oder to mix it again with ammophos.
Technological scheme and regulation of production of fire retardant on the base of ammophos and ammonia
Fig. 1. The principle technological scheme of the ammophos based fire retardant production: 1 - mixer; 2 - neutralizator reactor; 3 - bubbler flask; 4 - admixer; 5 - sedimentator; 6 - storage device; 7 - horizontal type sectional sidimentator; 8 - water pump; 9 - heater
For production the fire retardant structure following technological regulation is recomended:
- the temperature region for the ammophos's melting in water should be 40^60 °C;
- the ammonation temperature should not be above than 60 °C;
- pH value should be in 7^8 region;
- holding time of the reaction bulk inside the reactor should be not less than 60 minutes;
- the mixing velocity should be 100 cycle/min;
- holding time in the sedimentator should be not less than 60 minutes.
Ready to use fire retardant should have following characteristics:
- the ammonia amount is not less than 4.5 %;
- the amount of P2 05 is in 12 ± 0.5 % region;
- pH value is 7^8 region;
- the density is 1.17 kg/litre.
In experiments the scheme of work material flow (fig. 2) and balance (tab. 1) for production of the fire retardant structure on the base of the ammophos and the ammonia are performed.
Thus on the base of various inorganical bonds (as ammophos, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate,
ammonia, calcinated soda) it is proposed the method to product of the fire retardant structures. The optimal structures of the fire retardant preparation extracted from Central Kyzylkum phosphorites were choosed. It was impoved their physical-chemical properties by using chemical and physical methods. The fire protection efficiency of the fire retardant structures obtained has been found.
It is proposed the method of neutralization by ammonia, the method of sand filtering cleaning and the improving method of the ammophos solution structure by sendimentation. The optimal parameters of cleaning of the liquid ammophos solution from the solid mechanical impurities are found.
Those parameters that allows to automatizate the production of the fire retardant structures the physical-chemical and rheological properties such as the density, the viscosity, the pressure of saturated vapor as well as the conductivity that should be known by storing of the liquid products and their application are studied.
For production of the fire redardant preparation the principle technological schema and raw material balance are produced and proposed to production widely.
272,0 kg, ammaphos
Sedimentator
134,0 L, slime
Humidity35,3%, N2 -0,3%; P2Os-l ,?/o. Fif. 2. The scheme of work material flow for production of the fire retardant structure
Table 1. - The balance of work material for production of the fire retardant structure on the base of ammophos and ammonia
№ Components (input) Material amount № Product Material amount, L.
1 Ammophos 272.0 kg. 1 Liquid fire retardant 1000.0
2 Water 744.0 L. 2 Slime 34.0
3 Ammonia 18.0 L.
Summary 1034.0 Summary 1034.0
References:
1. Yerokhev K. ontemporary fire protection for building constructions and textile fabrics//Building materials. -2002. - No. 6. - P. 14.
2. Modern city - the safe city//Journal "My Moscow". - 2006. - No. 3. - P. 18-22.
3. Abdurakhmonov E., Tillaev S., Abdurakhmonov G., Sattarova M. Study of laws of fire spreading speed in textile materials//Scientific bulletin of Samarkand State University. - 2013. - No. 5. - P. 91-96.
4. Abdurakhmonov E., Tillaev S., Abdurakhmonov G. The burn process mechanism of cellulose materials treated by fire retardant//Journal "Bulletin of NUUz". - Tashkent, 2015. - No. 3/1. - P. 261-265.
5. Abdurakhmonov E., Tillaev S., Ziyadullaev A., Abdurakhmonov G. Investigation of burn process mechanisms of textile materails treated by fire retardant by thermal analysis method//Journal of "Chemistry and chemical technologies". - Tashkent, 2016. - No. 1. - P. 261-265.
Interaction cells of brewing yeasts with ferro fluid
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/AJT-17-1.2-121-123
Aronbaev Dmitry, Samarkand State University, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry
E-mail: diron51@mail.ru Vasina Svetlana, Samarkand State University, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry E-mail: vasinas2003@mail.ru Aronbaev Sergey, Samarkand State University, Doctor of Chemistry, Head of the Laboratory «Ecological Systems and Devices» E-mail: diron51@mail.ru
Interaction cells of brewing yeasts with ferro fluid
Abstract: Transmission electron microscopy studied the nature of the interaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells with magnetic fluids. It was shown that the modification of brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae based ferrofluid magnetite nanoparticles is an active process, which should be done with the cultured cells are in the exponential growth phase.
Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yeast cells, the magnetic fluid, transmission electron microscopy, incubating, nanoparticles of magnetite, endocytosis.
Introduction
The use of magnet materials opens new possibilities of sorption technologies to extract toxicants from water [1-3]. Giving sorbents magnetic properties is carried out by treating the alleged sorption materials magnetic fluids (MF) on the basis of magnetite [4]. In recent years, in the world are increasingly began to be used for remediation of wastewater and surface water bio-sorptional technologies based on the use of living or dead organisms of different taxonomic groups, in particular yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae, constitute an almost inexhaustible resource for learning based on these cheap sorbents.
In our previous papers were shown sorption analytical properties of yeast cell walls and the possibility of using biosorbents on their basis [5]. Joint immobilization RACs and magnetite in Ca-alginate gel led to the creation of a promising new smart material wider engineering and technology and environmental purpose [6; 7]. In this regard, the study of the interaction of the microorganism with ferromagnetic fluids is of particular relevance.
We note that the study of the interaction of living cells with nanomaterials in general is of great interest, since the evaluation of such interactions can be used to identify the toxic properties of nanomaterials and directional change
cell properties, visualization of cellular organelles, highly accurate identification of micro-organisms and the use of cells as three-dimensional templates [8].
The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of the interaction of cells brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the components of magnetic fluids on the basis of the synthesized magnetite.
Materials and methods
We used yeast Saccharomyces CEREVISIAE strain W37, which are in the growth phase and after heat treatment in boiling water for 20 minutes. For this purpose, 2 g. of yeast sample was suspended in 10 ml. of 0.1 M. acetate buffer at pH 5.2. Then precipitate was separated from the liquid phase on Centrifuge at 3000 rev/min for 15 min.
The resulting yeast biomass was incubated for 2 hours with a magnetic fluid based on a synthetic magnetite stabilized by perchloric acid. Magnetite was obtained by [9; 10]. The concentration of magnetite nanoparticles in magnetic fluid sample was determined by a colo-rimetric method using photocolorimeter KFK-3 [11].
Procedure for obtaining magnetically responsive yeast cells was as follows:
3 ml. of the yeast suspension was mixed with 1 ml. of ferrofluid and incubated at 30 °C during 2 hours with
