CC BY
5
УДК 339
Khalmirzaeva S.S. senior lecturer department of general hygiene Andijan State Medical Institute
TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CAUSES OF THE MODERN
ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS
Abstract: The article discusses the technological and social causes of the current environmental crisis.
Key words: ecology, crisis, unsuccessful production technology, ecological situation
In search of the socio-economic causes of the ecological crisis, the deepest analysis (according to A.G. Busygin) was carried out by B. Commoner. He put forward the assumption that after the Second World War in the economy of the most developed state - the United States, something was done wrong. He analyzed the growth of population, the growth of well-being - the main, as it was and is still considered by many, the causes of the eco-crisis, and the increase in the level of pollution over 20 years. And I got that GNP increased by 126%, population growth by 42%, and the level of pollution according to various indicators - by 200 ... 2000 (!)%. Further examination of the statistical reports led him to the conclusion that the growth of the national economy (GNP) in itself does not yet mean any particular consequences for the environment. To do this, you need to know - "how this growth is achieved." In modern industrial societies, technology is the most important link between society and the ecosystem on which it depends. To a large extent, it is obvious that many of the new technological processes that now dominate the industries of developed countries are in conflict with the ecosystem.
It can be concluded that one of the main causes of the ecological crisis in the environment is a new and unsuccessful production technology.
Of course, the increase in environmental pollution is explained by both the rise in prosperity and the demographic explosion, which entailed the same rapid growth of highways, airfields, landfills, reservoirs, and so on. But if population growth and rising prosperity affect environmental pollution in proportion, then changes in technology - exponentially. This makes us first of all pay attention to technology as the main pollutant of the environment.
B. Commoner made these conclusions on the basis of an analysis of the situation in 1950-1970. But, beginning in 1960, another factor that has moved from the category of factors proportionally influencing the development of the ecological crisis to "exponential" has sharply "accelerated" - this is population growth or, as it is now called, a demographic explosion.
The growth of the scale of human economic activity, the rapid development of the scientific and technological revolution have increased the negative impact on nature, led to a violation of the ecological balance on the planet.
Consumption in the sphere of material production of natural resources has increased.
The true perspective of overcoming the ecological crisis lies in changing the production activity of a person, his lifestyle, his consciousness. Scientific and technological progress creates not only "overloads" for nature; in the most advanced technologies, it provides a means of preventing negative impacts, creates opportunities for environmentally friendly production.
There was not only an urgent need, but also the opportunity to change the essence of technological civilization, to give it an environmental nature.
One of the directions of such development is the creation of safe production facilities. Using the achievements of science, technological progress can be organized in such a way that production wastes do not pollute the environment, but re-enter the production cycle as secondary raw materials. An example is given by nature itself: the carbon dioxide emitted by animals is absorbed by plants, which release oxygen necessary for the respiration of animals.
Waste-free is a production in which all the raw materials are ultimately converted into one or another product.
Some alternative (in relation to thermal, nuclear and hydroelectric power plants) energy sources are also environmentally friendly. The fastest search for ways of practical use of the energy of the sun, wind, tides, geothermal sources is necessary.
The ecological situation makes it necessary to assess the consequences of any activity related to interference with the natural environment. An environmental review of all technical projects is required.
Even F. Joliot-Curie warned: "We must not allow people to direct to their own destruction the forces of nature that they were able to discover and conquer."
Our task is to stimulate by all available methods any initiative and enterprise aimed at creating and introducing the latest technologies that contribute to solving any environmental problems. Promote the creation of a large number of control bodies, consisting of highly qualified specialists, on the basis of clearly developed legislation in accordance with international agreements on environmental issues. Constantly deliver information to all states and peoples on ecology through radio, television and the press, thereby raising the environmental consciousness of people and contributing to their spiritual and moral revival in accordance with the requirements of the era.
Noosphere is "the sphere of interaction between society and nature, within the boundaries of which rational human activity becomes a determining factor in development (this sphere is also denoted by the terms" anthroposphere "," sociosphere "," biotechnosphere "). The noosphere is a new, higher stage in the evolution of the biosphere, the formation of which is associated with the development of human society, which has a profound impact on natural processes.
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