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5SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 7 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=5.016) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22257
TECHNICAL OPERATION OF BUILDINGS IN SEISMIC REGIONS
B. A. Otakulov Z. B. Mahmudov
PhD, Fergana Polytechnic Institute Student, Fergana Polytechnic Institute
ABSTRACT
In the general structure of the building, the seismic forces should be evenly distributed, ensuring symmetry, even distribution of weight and stiffness
Key words: internal forces in the building, frames, diaphragms, torsional moments
When designing new buildings intended to be built in seismic regions and during capital repairs of existing residences, the following basic principles should be observed, regardless of the structural and computational solution they have and the construction materials used:
In the general structure of the building, the seismic forces should be evenly distributed, ensuring symmetry, even distribution of weight and stiffness. Based on this principle, the plan form of the building should be simple and compact.
Internal forces, frames, diaphragms in the building should be located evenly and symmetrically, and they should not be reconstructed during operation.
In the absence of special projects, it is necessary to avoid local tensioning, because this leads to the accumulation of one-sided and local forces that cause twisting moments, which are dangerous for the building in earthquake conditions. Without appropriate calculations, it is not possible to install a wide window on the inner and outer walls, because there will be cracks and the wall structures will break.
In the operation of buildings with a complex plan shape, it is not allowed to lose the anti-seismic seams separating the building into a simple shape. It is necessary to ensure the standard width of these seams: - at least 5 cm for buildings with a height of up to 5 m; the width of the earthquake-resistant seams of buildings with a height of more than 5 m increases by 2 cm for every 5 m of height.
2. Reducing the value of the earthquake force due to the reduction of the specific weight of the building and by increasing the rigidity of the vertical load-bearing structures. If the building has a rigid structural scheme solution, then the vertical load-bearing elements will have a very small deformation (specific period of vibration is less than 0.5 seconds) and will act on more displacement when the building is subjected to seismic force. and in the strap structural scheme, more bending deformation takes place.
For Tula prefabricated concrete buildings (with large panels, large blocks of reinforced concrete elements), the reduction of seismic impact is mainly achieved by reducing the weight of the structure. The most important requirement for mineral bios
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 7 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=5.016) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22257
operated in seismic regions is to ensure the integrity of the term and the reliable connection of the term with the medium if the requirements of the first principle are observed. Buildings with a belt structural scheme include frame buildings. In them, bridge vertical elements are subjected to bending deformation. During operation, it is not possible to increase the strength of the connection of the panels with other structural elements, because seismic forces can accumulate at these points.
It ensures the joint spatial operation of the load-bearing elements of the building under seismic effects and the acceptance of the largest loads due to the plastic deformation of the structure at the junctions and some sections. In frame-frame buildings, the same elements have the same distance (shag) with the same uniformity, which causes the frame to be in a spatially invariant system.Frame structures are often considered static non-anionic systems, because small local deformations in the frame do not cause the building to collapse and cause serious damage to its load-bearing elements. During the next spring and autumn inspections of buildings located in seismic regions, special attention should be paid to the condition of the main load-bearing structures that determine the earthquake resistance of building elements. Some cracks or corrosion protection violations in the walls, wall panels, external barrier blocks, poor concrete treatment of cast elements from precast concrete buildings should be reflected in the lists of further planned and selective repairs. In order to determine the technical condition and strength of the load-bearing elements of the building, it is necessary to involve the specialized staff of the design institutes.
Prefab buildings intended for construction in some regions, with a service life of up to 15 years.
Mobile buildings for a small group of people whose work is associated with constant migration (searchers, hunters and fishermen). Such volume blocks are made collapsible for transport in containers or containers.
It should be taken into account that the technical operation of buildings in conditions of permanent freezing will comply with the following requirements:
- after the construction of the building, the deformations caused by the change in the freezing condition of the foundation soil occur during the first period;
- it is necessary to ensure good and normal operation of cooling devices in the period of operation after the normal subsidence deformations caused by loading have stopped:
In the event of an earthquake, the housing operation organization must immediately take the following warning measures: turn off the gas supply system in the house, check the hot and cold water supply system and turn it off in case of emergency; it is necessary to apply fire safety measures and take measures to eliminate this situation in the event of a fire.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 7 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=5.016) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=222ff7
Particular attention should be paid to the condition of the evacuation routes of people from the building.
Immediately after the earthquake, the description and size of the repair works for the restoration of the building should be determined, if the restoration of the building is not economically feasible or technically impossible due to the level of damage, it should be demolished.
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SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 7 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=5.016) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=222ff7
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SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 7 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=5.016) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=222ff7
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