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Submitted: 28.05.2018 Author's information:
Osipov D. A. - Postgraduate, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia,432700, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: [email protected]
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-66-74
TECHNICAL METHODS MODELING IN KETTLEBELL LIFTING
Samigullin R.V.1, Nazarenko L.D.1, Timoshkin V.V.1
Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia, Ulyanovsk, [email protected], [email protected]
Annotation. Kettlebell lifting originated from national traditions, reflects national peculiarities. It is one of the most popular kinds of sports activity. Its content includes two classical kinds of physical exercises: push and jerk. Each of them demands high level of motor-coordinating readiness. Materials. The greatest difficulty during these techniques mastering is high accuracy of each structural element fulfillment. In special scientific-methodical literature the characteristics of technical methods fulfillment are described with the help of general definitions. For example, "sit down a little", "dumbbells are far from the feet" and others. However, the effectiveness of each motor action in kettlebell lifting is connected with optimal parameters of motor acts mastering. It depends on an athlete's height-weight indices ratio and other individual characteristics. Research methods: scientific-methodical literature analysis and systematization, progressive experience of specialists-trainers in kettlebell lifting summarizing, modeling, pedagogical experiment, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The article offers to use technical methods modeling as an effective direction of mastering a rational technique of the main methods of kettlebell lifting. It helps to picture the form and content of each structural element of a push and a jerk. It provides clear notions formation of movements direction, volume of swing movements amplitude, character
of angles changes in knee and hip joints. It helps to form an individual rhythm of motor actions; avoid unnecessary movements, minimize energy expenditures and increase competitive activity effectiveness. Conclusion. Realized pedagogical experiment helped to achieve higher results of physical and technical readiness among qualified weightlifters from the experimental group. It proved expediency of the offered approach to the training activity organization. Keywords: kettlebell lifting, modeling, methodology, pedagogical experiment, evaluation criteria. For citations: Samigullin R.V., Nazarenko L.D., Timoshkin V.V. Technical methods modeling in kettlebell lifting. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(3): 50-56. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-66-74.
INTRODUCTION
A rational technique of two main exercises fulfillment in kettlebell lifting is the main condition of sports results increase. These exercises with dumbbells are characterized by timely neuromuscular efforts distribution and redistribution in terms of high indices of body steadiness. Kettlebell lifting specialists A.I. Vorotintsev, 2002, 2003; V. Tikhonov, 2009; A.I. Stafeev, 2012 and others think that the most difficult moment of competitive activity is spine muscles relaxation provision. The main way of muscles working regimen change is the direction and rhythm of dumbbell movements change, which is connected with a high level of motor-coordinating training, broad and oblique spine muscles, shoulder girdle, chest, prelum abdominale muscles development. One of the important conditions of push and jerk technique improvement is a rational breathing, when not working muscles are relaxed. Easiness and freedom of movements, while dumbbell lifting, is achieved with the help of an optimal breathing rhythm. It corresponds with a motor rhythm.
The aim of this research work is theoretical substantiation of the necessity to search for the directions of competitive activity effectiveness increase among people going in for kettlebell lifting.
Objectives: 1. To reveal the skills importance of competitive exercises modeling in sportsmanship level increase.
2. To create the methodology of skills formation, connected with push and jerk fulfillment model formation and check its effectiveness during the pedagogical experiment.
Kettlebell lifting is one of complex -coordinate kinds of competitive activity. L.V. Anurov, 2000; A.V. Faleev, 2009; A.I. Stafeev, 2012 think that the most technically difficult is a push, when an athlete has to control two dumbbells movement up and down. Scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis showed that technical readiness level while a push and a jerk fulfillment conditions the level of achievements in a chosen kind of sport. Phenotypological, age-related and other individual characteristics of athletes determine the degree of classical exercises technique development [3, 4, 6, 7].
A.I. Stafeev, 2012 thinks that the notion of a push and a jerk technique is formed during the observation over the actions of highly-qualified athletes-weightlifters during the competitions; during video films watching, studying documentary photos. The technique of the main exercises is fulfilled by a trainer. However, M.Y. Bogen, 2000 considers that even a highly-qualified, competent specialist presentation can't be the example, as considerable differences in age-related, height-weight and other indices change competitive exercises technique. In this connection modeling the technique of the studied technical methods fulfillment is especially important. It helps to get a clear notion of each competitive exercise.
The essence of movements presentation was understood by I.P. Pavlov, 1951. He considers it as the mechanism of ideomotor reactions. When an athlete thinks about the definite motor act, he has a kinesthetic notion. He reproduces it in a strict accordance with the seen example. Kinesthetic centers of cortex are stimulated both by central and peripheral cells
and also inner and outer stimuli. In this case different interconnections between kinesthetic and other nerve centers can appear. Owing to conditional character temporal connections during motor activity are improved. It proves that ideomotor reactions are conditioned by a coordinated activity of cortex. It is a difficult system of interconnections between analyzers, the second signal-system and subcortical centers. These systems are dynamic in their functioning; the leading role belongs to the second signal-system and the process of control happens through a circular mechanism of brain reflexive activity, set by P.K. Anokhin, 7980. An effective activity of functional systems is the main condition of a successful physical exercises fulfillment and motor acts visualization. That is why the model of motor act creation is accompanied by ideomotor muscular and vegetative reactions and also different analyzers sensitivity increase [11,14, 16].
During the training activity the model fulfills the following functions: programming, training and regulating. Owing to motor actions programming their rational sequence is set: the final position of one element of a technique becomes the initial position of the following element; an optimal ratio of their spatio-temporal and spatio-power parameters is formed and it conditions the effectiveness of a push and a jerk.
If the conditions of the technique are changed a corresponding correction of its structural elements is fulfilled. It is provided by training and regulating functions. Competitive activity of highly-qualified athletes demands maximum neuromuscular tension. It is connected with the necessity to reveal reserve capacities of a person. The results of the research works, held by V.V.Kuznetsov, 2009, prove that during the process of long-term maximum permissible muscular and psycho-emotional loads we have physiological systems adaptation, which helps to achieve a new level of functioning [10, 13, 16, 19]. In this connection the importance of an athlete's motor activity modeling increases. It is directed toward higher results achievement and it
reveals new opportunities and not used resources of a weightlifter.
During the model creation of a push and a jerk fulfillment, it is important to take into account the peculiarities of athlete's movements, but also a coach's activity. Depending on the age of an athlete, the level of his physical readiness, height-weight indices ratio, the length of the upper and lower extremities, a coach can form an individual program of mastering the technique of a push within 4 steps:
- a dumbbell lifting on the chest;
- forcing a dumbbell upward (lifting off the chest);
- a dumbbell lowering on the chest;
- a dumbbell lowering into the initial position.
However, in order to form a motor rhythm and correspond it with the rhythm of breathing a coach can define more elements of this classical exercise for more effective teaching: the initial position (start), the fulfillment of which demands an individual approach:
- an optimal angle of knees flexion, the distance between feet determination; the place of dumbbells placing relative to legs determination;
- the peculiarities of the upper grasp fulfillment - its depth;
-straight back position.
The next element of a push technique (a dumbbell lifting on the chest) is also connected with individuality demonstration: an optimal amplitude of a dumbbell swing from the initial position; during legs and back straightening, fulfilling an armbar and sitting under the dumbbells, it is important to determine the most effective volume of knee joints flexion and etc.
During the program of a coach's and an athlete's mutual activity creation it is important to reveal uniting elements. In this case it is the aim, which conditions means and methods of its achievement. Submission to the expected result of a coach and an athlete mutual activity is the main condition of an effective training and competitive process. A.N. Leontev, 2004, considers activity as the system, directed
toward the aim realization with its specific content, subject, motivation, methods and techniques in a constant development.
RESEARCH RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION
Weightlifters' activity management provides special program creation, which includes structural elements of a coach's and an athlete's activity (scheme 1). We checked the effectiveness of created by us methodology of highly-qualified (the II and the I category) weightlifters' technical readiness improvement. It was based on the program of a coach's and an athlete's mutual activity, the realization of this program helps to form an individual style of classical exercises with dumbbells fulfillment. A pedagogical experiment was held. The control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG) were organized, each group included 12 people (17-19 years old).
Before the pedagogical experiment a test was held in order to reveal the initial level of physical and technical readiness among weightlifters from the CG and EG. The research results comparative analysis didn't reveal considerable differences according to training level indices, (p>0,05). In the CG training lessons were held according to the traditional methodology in accordance with sports training program of qualified weightlifters. In the EG created by us methodology was used. It was based on the program of a coach's and an athlete's mutual activity creation, which provided latent capacities and abilities of an athlete revelation and realization as the base of an individual style in kettlebell lifting formation.
During the training process great attention was paid to searching for the peculiarities of each structural element of a push and a jerk fulfillment. They provide maximum result achievement, starting from the initial actions, where their individual peculiarities start to appear, till lowering the dumbbells on the chest. Each technical element of the push contains a lot of details. They demand special approach to the most comfortable conditions of their fulfillment revelation. Great attention was paid to an individual motor and breathing rhythms formation and the ways of their correspondence increase. Special attention was
paid to an optimal alternation of muscular contraction and working groups of muscles relaxation.
After the pedagogical experiment one more test was held in order to reveal the dynamics of physical and technical readiness indices among weightlifters from the CG and the EG. Comparative analysis of the pedagogical experiment results showed that the indices improved in both groups: CG and EG, in terms of considerable predominance of athletes from the EG. In the CG with the initial results in standing long-jump 2,11±0,17 cm, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices improved till 2,19±0,18 cm, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 2,12±0,14 cm. to the end of the pedagogical experiment results increased till 2,33±0,23 cm, (p<0,05). In the CG with the initial results in pull-ups 17,11±0,83 times, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices increased till 19,30±0,95 times, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 17,0±0,69 times, to the end of the pedagogical experiment results increased till 21,62±0,19 times, (p<0,05). The same tendency of more considerable results improvement in the experimental group was revealed according to other tests.
The level of technical readiness in kettlebell lifting was estimated by the group of experts (5 experienced trainers) according to the following, created by us criteria: an individual motor rhythm; easiness and freedom of movements, which appear in terms of motor and respiratory rhythms correspondence; body steadiness; timely muscular efforts distribution and redistribution; a rational initial position before the dumbbell pushing.
Mutual activity program of a sports coach and an athlete
Coach: aim: new ways of an athlete's competitive activity effectiveness increase revelation Athlete: aim: the achieved result improvement
*
Objectives
* *
- new information analysis and use, concerning the opportunities of competitive activity effectiveness increase; - an athlete's spare capacities, individual peculiarities of a technique, conditions of athlete's increase revelation; effective means, methods and forms of the training lessons choice; motivational sphere of an athlete development. - the degree revelation of sports activity aim, training level correspondence with the opportunities and abilities; - creative participation in the process of sports training system development and searching the ways of physical culture and sport values mastering; - own spare capacities of athlete's improvement revelation.
Activity content
+ +
- creative attitude to training lessons organization and realization: new ideas, thoughts, offers; methodical techniques, conditions of motor tasks fulfillment; an athlete's activity effectiveness estimation; - constant degree of their psycho-emotional and functional state monitoring. - self-evaluation of the motor tasks degree, means and methods of their realization correspondence with own opportunities and abilities; - psycho-emotional state, intellectual and physical working capacity self-control and self-evaluation; - the characteristics of competitive activity indices positive dynamics revelation; - not used capacities of training and competitive activity effectiveness increase revelation; - the degree of satisfaction with the training process self-evaluation.
t
The expected result
- the set aim achievement - personal record setting
Picture 1 - Mutual activity program of a coach and an athlete
Evaluation criteria:
5 points - logic transfer from one movement to another without stops and pauses; motor and respiratory rhythm formation and their complete correspondence; high level of body steadiness during exercises with dumbbells fulfillment; gradual muscular tension distribution and redistribution; no abrupt movements during a push fulfillment;
4 points - insignificant body tension before the most technically difficult element fulfillment;
3 points - insufficient easiness and freedom of movements;
2 points - no features of an individual motor rhythm formation;
1 point - lack of coordination between motor and respiratory rhythm.
After the pedagogical experiment technical readiness indices of athletes from the CG and EG changed. In the CG with the initial results of an individual motor rhythm formation 2,71±0,19 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices improved till 3,14±0,11 points, (р>0,05), in the EG with the initial results 2,70±0,15 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment results increased till 3,79±0,26 points, (р<0,05). In the CG with the initial results of motor and respiratory rhythm correspondence 2,63±0,20 point, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices improved till 2,86±0,24 points (р>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 2,66±0,22 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment results increased till 3,49±0,17 points, (р<0,05). Comparative analysis of technical readiness results also turned out to be considerably higher in the EG.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment showed, that qualified weightlifters' actions modeling during a push and a jerk fulfillment provides more accurate character of the fulfilled technical methods realization, helps to avoid unnecessary movements. It increases the efficiency of motor activity of an athlete and also provides additional reserves revelation for improvement of an individual technique of classical exercises fulfillment. The created methodology of a push and a jerk fulfillment
technique individual style application on the basis of created program of a coach's and an athlete's mutual activity during the pedagogical experiment showed its effectiveness and potential.
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Samigullin R.V. - Postgraduate, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia,432700, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: [email protected]
Nazarenko L.D. - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia, 432700, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: [email protected]
Timoshkin V.V. - Student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia,432700, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-74-82
QUALIFIED FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS' SPECIAL PHYSICAL TRAINING
DEVELOPMENT
Tinyukov A.B.1
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia, Ulyanovsk,
Annotation. Competitive activity effectiveness increase among volleyball players is a difficult problem and demands a complex many-sided approach to its solution. Qualified female volleyball
56
