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JOURNAL OF NEW MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES - 2016 - V. 23, № 2 - P. 214-223
УДК: 614.647
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ОТВАЛЫ И РАДИАЦИОННЫЙ ФОН В АЛАГИРСКОМ УЩЕЛЬЕ В СЕВЕРНОЙ
ОСЕТИИ
М.Э. ДЗОДЗИКОВА
Северо-Осетинский государственный природный заповедник, ул. ЧабаханБасиевой, д.1, г. Алагир, РСО-Алания, 363000, Россия, e-mail: dzodzikova_m@mail.ru
Аннотация. Проведены морфометрические и радиометрические исследования в Алагирском ущелье, в долине реки Ардон и некоторых ее притоков на территориях Северо-Осетинского государственного природного заповедника, охранной зоны и на сопредельных учасках. Изучено также экологическое состояние берегов рек, в связи с тем, что на этих территориях ведутся интенсивные работы по Зарамагской гидроэлектростанции и газопровода на Южный портал, интенсивно работают камнедробильные предприятия.
На обследованных участках долины реки Ардон зарегистрировано 49 рыхлых отвальных участков, из которых на 21 площадке сброшенные породы доходят до уреза воды, что искусственно сужает русло реки Ардон. Помимо этого, камнедробильные предприятия, расположенные на обследованных территориях, производятоткрытый сброс отработанных технических вод, повышающих мутность, что негативно сказывается на состоянии гидробиоты, исследуемых водотоков. Бесконтрольный рост числа и объемов неукрепленных отвальных площадок несет особую опасность в случае наводнения.
Анализ полученных радиационных замеров показал, что согласно «Методике дозиметрического контроля производственных отходов», утвержденной Государственным Стандартом РФ, радиационный фон исследованных территорий не превышает предельно допустимых концентраций и может быть признан радиационно чистым, и мер вмешательства, не требующим.
Ключевые слова: морфометрия, берега, реки, радиация, технические отвалы, камнедробильные предприятия, сужение русла реки, заповедник, Алагирское ущелье, Северная Осетия, Кавказ.
TECHNICAL DUMPS AND THE RADIATION BACKGROUND IN THE ALAGIR GORGE OF NORTH
OSSETIA
M.E. DZODZIKOVA
North Ossetian State Nature Reserve, Chabahan Basiev St., d.1, Alagir, North Ossetia-Alania, 363000, Russia, e-mail: dzodzikova_m@mail.ru
Abstract. Conducted morphometric studies and radiometric survey in the Alagir gorge, along the river-banks Ardon and some of its tributaries in the North Ossetian State Natural Reserve, the buffer zone and adjacent areas.Here are conducted works on construction of hydroelectric power plant Zaramag and the gas pipeline in southern portal.
In riverbed Ardon registered 49 loose dumpsites, from 21 of them falling down stones until reach the water's edge,artificially narrowing the riverbed Ardon. Located in the surveyed areas as stone crushing company, which also blamed the breed along rivers Sadon and Ardon also narrowing the riverbed above-mentioned rivers. In addition, they will be reset waste process water, increasing the turbidity of the rivers that may be adversely affected hydrobiotite, investigated watercourses. Uncontrolled growth in the number and volume of unfortified dump sites has a special danger in case of flooding.
Analysis of the radiation measurements showed that according to the «Methodology of dosimetric control of industrial waste», approved by the State Standard of the Russian Federation, the background radiation of the investigated areas does not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations and may be considered pure radiation and interventions that do not require .
Key words: morphometry, riverbanks, radiation,stone crushing companies, riverbanks, gas pipe ine, and technical dump.
JOURNAL OF NEW MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES - 2016 - V. 23, № 2 - P. 214-223
Introduction. The North-Ossetian National Nature Reserve includes 592 streams with a combined length of 831.5 km. The main waterways are the rivers Ardon and Fiagdon. Ardon receives in the sum of 173 left tributaries, which make 225 km long, and 148 right tributaries having to 205 km in length. The basin of river Ardon has 76 glaciers, which cover the area 35.42 km2 [1-4].
There are more than 70 unique, in chemical structure, and the richest, by water discharge, mineral springs in the North-Ossetian reserve. Some of which have been well studied by now, with their healing properties having been successfully used in complex therapies such as for the treatment of diseases of gastrointestinal tract, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts & kidneys musculoskeletal as well as cardiovascular & female reproductive systems, respiratory organs, skin diseases and disorders of metabolism [5].
The Reserve is protected and the frontier zones are richly populated with all manner of animals. For instance there are about 1500 turs (Capra caucasica cylindricornis, Blyth, 1841) and some 130 chamois (Rupicarparupicarpa, Linnaeus, 1758), in the upper tributaries of Ardon. The broad-leaved forests of the North-Ossetian reserve are inhabited by bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus, 1758), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, Linnaeus, 1758), wild boar (Susscrofa, Linnaeus, 1758), approximately 30-35 bears (Ursusarc-tos, Linnaeus, 1758), Jackals (Canis aureus, Linnaeus, 1758), wild cats (Felissilvestris Schreber, 1777), badgers (Melesmeles, Linnaeus, 1758), pine martens (Mar-tesmartes, Linnaeus, 1758), American mink (Mustela vison,Schreber, 1777), raccoon dog (Nyctereutespro-cyonoides, Gray, 1834), lepus (Lepus europaeus, Pallas, 1778) and a squirrels (Sciurus, Linnaeus, 1758) [6].
There are more than 2000 species of invertebrates and insects in the Ardon river valley. Some of them are included in the Russian Federation Red Book: Dybok steppe (Saga pedo, Pallas, 1771), Askalaf motley (Ascalaphusmacaronius, Scopoly, 1763), Carabuscaucasicus (Carabuscaucasicus, Adams, 1817), Carabushungaricus (Carabushunga-ricus, Fabricius, 1792), Fliery hunter (Calosomasyco-phanta, Linnaeus, 1758), Batterflies: European swallowtail (Papiliomachaon, Linnaeus, 1758), Rite swallowtail (Iphiclidespodalirius, Linnaeus, 1758), Apollo batterfly (Parnassiusapollo, Linnaeus, 1758), Black Apollo (Parnassiusmnemosyne, Linnaeus, 1758), Apollo Normans (Parnassiusnordmanni, Siemasch-ko, 1850), Underwing moth (Catocalasponsa, Linnaeus, 1767), Acherontiaatropos (Acherontiaatropos,
Linnaeus, 1758), Daphnis nerii (Daphnis nerii, Linnaeus, 1758), Jersey tiger (Callimorphaquadripuncta-ria, Linnaeus, 1758) and scarlet tiger moth (Calli-morphadominula, Linnaeus, 1758). Then among the more unusual species of invertebrates for this nature reserve are found Tarantula (Lycosa, Latreille, 1804), Solifugae (Solifugae, Sundevall, 1833) & Iris-polystictica (Iris polystictica, Fischer von Waldheim, 1846). There are 5 different species of bat - with up to 1300 specimens. In the Subi-Nihashi cave: Lesser mouse-eared bat (Myotisblythi, Tomes, 1857), Lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophushipposideros, Bech-stein, 1800), Greater horseshoe-nosed bat (Rhinolo-phusferrumequinum, Schreber, 1774), Myotismysta-cinus (Myotismystacinus, Kuhl, 1817) & Myotisi-konnikovi (Myotisikonnikovi, Ognev, 1912) [7].
207 species of birds live in the nature reserve. Some of them are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation: Caucasian blackcock (Lyru-rusmlokosiewiczi, Taczamowski, 1875), Guldens-tadt's redstart (Phoenicuruserythrogaster, Gould, 1850), Lammergeyer (Gypaetus barbatus,Linnaeus, 1758), Erne(Aquila chrysaetos, Linnaeus, 1758), Hooded vulture (Neophronpercnopterus, Linnaeus, 1758) & Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall, 1771) [8].
There are two species of fish in the rivers of the reserve: Brook trout, (Salmo trutta, Linnaeus, 1758) and Tera barbel (Barbusciscaucasicus, Kessler, 1877) [9].
The Flora of the nature reserve has more than 1500 species. There are species included in the Red Book of the USSR: Ardonic Bell (Campanula ardo-nensis, Rupr., 1867), Cladochaetacandidissima, Turkish hazel (Coryluscolurna, Linnaeus, 1753), Orchis (Ôr-chismilitâris, Linnaeus, 1753), Vavilovia Formosa (Va-viloviaformosa, Fed., 1852) among others. There are additionally relics, preserved since ancient times like oriental beech (Fagus orientalis, Lipsky, 1898), Common yew (Tâxusbaccâta, Linnaeus, 1753), Oriental spruce (Piceaorientalis, Peterm, 1845), Nordmann Fir-tree (Âbiesnordmanniâna, Spash, 1841), Macrophylla thick-walls (Pachyphragmama-crophyllum, Hoffm.) and others [10].
The moist hollows and the Northern slopes are covered by herb meadows. Here you can find Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendroncaucasi-cum, Pall.), which can be reached up to a height of 3000 m.
The Alpine belt is characterised by the predomination of lichenand moss-lichen wastelands, herb-shrub carpets and low-grass meadow vegetation.
JOURNAL OF NEW MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES - 2016 - V. 23, № 2 - P. 214-223
Table 1
Morphometric measurements (length, width, height, and the approximate amount) dumps along the banks of the river Ardon (upstream), 17.10.2011.
NOTE: 1 the river Ardon;
2 the gas pipeline Dzuarikau - Tskhinval
The forests cover over 6000 hectares of the nature reserve. Coniferous forest consist basically of pines and deciduous forests, represented by birches. Juniper Cossacks (Juniperussabina) is known to be present here. The main forest-forming species are: Koch's pine (Pinuskochiana, K.Koch.), Litvinov's birch (Betulalitwinowi, Trautv., 1887), Oriental beech (Fugu-
sorientalis, Lipsky, 1898), Speckled alder (Alnusincana, Moench, 1794). There are areas with prevalence of mountain ash (Sorbusaucuparia, Linnaeus, 1753), Bird cherry (Prunus, Linnaeus, 1753), Common yew (Taxusbaccata, Linnaeus, 1753), Trautvetters maple (Aceptrautwetteri, Medw.), pine forests with green moss and others [11].
However, through the territory of North-Ossetiannational nature reserve runs the Trans-Caucasian highway. Furthermore, in 2009, the construction of the Zaramag hydro power plant (HPP) commenced and since 2010 they have been building the basin. Daily regulation derivation and summing to water diversion tunnels, paved roads, necessary for vast amounts of construction machinery and vehiclescauses situation where roads are not moistenedas they should be, exhaust gases and dust pollute the environment, and roadside vegetation is dying, so that the normal existence of all life in these territories isdisturbed. There are additionally four stone crushing companiesoperating in the valleys of the rivers Ardon and Sadon, and a tailing damp (complex of special facilities and equipment intended for the storage or disposal of radioactive, toxic and other waste dump mineral called tails. On mountain-concentrating combines from entering mined ore receive a concentrate, and waste recycling move in the tailings pond)of the Mizur'sconcentration plant in the area of the village Nizhniy Unal, in the immediate vicinity of the river Ardon.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the ecological state and radiation background of the banks of the river Ardon and some of its tributaries, in the natural reserve, protective zone and cross-border region adjacent territories, which are undergoing increa-singanthropogenic impact due to active construction works on: the objects of Zaramag hydroelectric power station, the gas pipeline in Judjniy portal, the stone crushing enterprises and unauthorized dumping rocks along the riverbeds.
Materials and methodology. The conducted morphological research of the state of the banks of the river Ardon and some of its tributaries on the reserve buffer zone and on the adjacent area at different stages of the formation of artificial coastal zones who are filled by waste rock. In addition on these plots were measures of radiation. For radiometric measurements the dosimeter of gamma-radiation,
The location of the dump Length, m Wid th,m Heig ht,m Volume,m3 ~
Right riverside2 (26 km2) 130 12 11 17 160
Left riverside1, the village of Mizur (before the entrance to the 1st tunnel) 60 15 18 16 200
Right bank1, before the river Baddon 400 10 2.5 2 220
River Sadon, the left inflow of the river Ardon 900 3 2.9 7 830
Left bank1, the village Nusal (all) 580 16 79 46 110
Right bank1, the village Nusal, below the top of the bridge 85 6 5 2 550
Right bank1, above the top of the bridge and the settlement of Nusal 80 7 19 10 640
58-th km of the gas pipeline2 180 10 23 41 400
Right riverside1, before the village Buron 380 9 18 61 560
Right riverside1, above the village Buron 350 95 7 232 750
Right bank1 before turning in Kosh gorge 240 5 8 9 600
Left bank1,pipelinstunnel2 7 3 10 210
Left bank1, 50 m below the Head HPP 480 5 18 43 200
Left bank1, 1 km below the Head HPP 1 050 10 3 31 500
Right bank1, 2 km below the Head HPP 100 40 0,9 3 600
Right bank1observation platform over HPP 450 4 28 50 400
Left bank1, the road to Ma-misoni gorge 240 4 32 30 720
Left bank1, (tunnel "Kosh № 5") 140 4 37 20 720
Left bank1, the 64-th km of the gas pipeline2 95 26 9.5 23 465
Left bank1, the 62-64-th km of the gas pipeline2 1 700 2.5 13.5 57 375
Dumps in the construction of roads (10 tunnels),the 6870-th km of the gas pipeline2 1 800 3 27 145 800
Sumtotal 855 010
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namely Geiger-Muller DKG-03D was used "Grach". Work was performed taking into account the "Norms of radiation safety", "Main sanitary rules of radiation safety" and "safety Rules at operation of electrical installations" (Resolution № 47, on approval of the sanitary rules and norms 2.6.1.2523-09, 7 July 2009, Registered at the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation of August 14, 2009 N 14534).
Table 2
Measurements dumps along the river Ardon (upstream), 2.04.2012
The location of the dump
Rightbank2 (26 km2)
Left bank1, the village of Mizur (before the entrance to the 1st tunnel)
Right bank before the river Baddon
River Sadon, the left inflow of the river Ardon
Left bank 1, the village Nusal
(a11)_
Right bank 1, the village Nusal, below the top of the bridge
Right bank 1, above the top of the bridge and the settlement of Nusal
58-th km of the gas pipeline2
Right bank before the village Buron
Right bank above the village Boron
Right bank 1 before turning in Kosh gorge
Left bank 1,pipelinstunnel2
Left bank 1, 50 m below the Head HPP
Left bank 1, 1 km below the Head HPP
Right bank 1, 2 km below the Head HPP
Right bank 1observation platform over HPP
Left bank 1, the road to Ma-misoni gorge_
Left bank (tunnel "Kosh № 5").
Left bank 1, the 64-th km of the gas pipeline^
Left bank 1, the 62-64-th km of the gas pipeline^
Dumps in the construction of roads (10 tunnels),the 68-70-th km of the gas pipeline2
Sumtotal
Length, m
245
100
700
1200
800
100
100
200
450
400
300
500
1200
150
492
300
150
100
2000
2000
Width,m
17
18
13
20
10
12,5
10
120
11
50
3,25
30
2,5
3,5
Height,m
14
20
83
25
25
22,5
9,5
12
20
3,5
1,5
30
35
40
12,5
20
30
NOTE: 1 the river Ardon; 2 the gas pipeline Dzuarikau-Tskhinval
Results and discussion. The practice of
dumping rocks along a channel of the river Ardon was formed gradually. At first it was single discharges, which continued for some time and were ended in response to the observations from the management of the Park in 2009 and 2010. But at some stage they took on an uncontrollable character. As a result of this in October 2011, it was decided to measure the morphometry of the coastal zone, of the river Ardon, along the extent of the problem areas. The results of this study are presented in table 1.
The study showed that as of October 2011 —along the river Ardon a total of approx. 855 010 m3 rock dump had been unloaded.
58 31 In April 2012 the measurement of heap rocks
along the river Ardon were again repeated. The results are presented in table 2. 6150 Thus, it is revealed that if, as of October 2011, along a channel river Ardon about 855 010 m3 rock dump was unloaded (table. 1), then by April 2012, at the aforesaid territories a total of 1 415 597 m3was uploaded, species (PL. 2), i.e. for 6 months the volume of the dumps increased by 560 587 m3, and this without taking account of the whole range of small-volume of unauthorized dumps and landfills of solid household and construction waste.
62 50C There are 13 tunnels on a relatively small
1 segment, between 62 and 70 km of the gas pipeline along the bed of river Ardon (from the village Buron to Head HPP) and 26 dump zones have been registered (less lengths of the tunnels) (Photo 1).
210 000
Photo 1. Dumps along the right Bank of river Ardon, 1 415reaching to the edge water (Photo by Margarita El. Dzodzikova)
The water's edge (rarer coastline) - the line of intersection of the water surface of any of the ba-
3
5
5
6
7
9
4
8
2
5
4
4
sins (river flows or reservoirs) with the surface of the land. The height above sea level of the watercourse (reservoir) is determined by the elevation of the water's edge.
And beside that, apart from those volumes of the rock dumps, which have been filled on thefoun-dation pit's perimeter of the daily runoff pound (including the Bad gorge's direction), it was found that 15 of 21 dump sites, which have been studied along the river Ardon, are composed of rocks, exported from the construction sites of the pool of the daily run-off pound to the derivation tunnel.
We did not include in the above-represented tables a number of single and small areas of heaped rocks and places of domestic waste discharges, located at some distance from the bed of the river Ardon. Only spoil heaps, reaching up to the water's edge and really narrowing the riverbed, were of interest to us (photo 2). On the whole, 49 spoil heaps are registered in the bed of the river Ardon, Heaped rocks reach up to the water's edge on the 21 spoil heaps.
Photo 2. Dumps (right) and dumping of household and building rubbish on the left Bank of river Ardon, near the village of Mizur (Photo by Margarita El. Dzodzikova)
Thus, comparative analysis of morphometric data of the state of the banks along the river Ardon shows that the uncontrolled discharge of loose rocks which are not strengthened, has continued despite repeated warnings by the nature reserve's administration.
Twice a day the head hydroelectric power station makes monitoring discharges of water, and these flows wash away the bottom edge of the rock dumps. Spoil heaps regularly creep down into the river in these places. Territories in the vicinity of
the villages Mizur and Buron and the tail-water of the head hydroelectric power station are of particular concern in the case of river floods. We can see clearly in photos 2 and 3 that firstly, rock dumps reach up to the water's edges, and secondly, they are in no way strengthened.
Photo 3. Moldboard ground North head hydroelectric power station up to the water edge (Photo by Margarita El. Dzodzikova)
There are also four stone crushing companies in the surveyed territories, which discharge without control dump rocks and screenings along the bed of the rivers Sadon and Ardon, narrowing the beds of these rivers. Moreover, they have produced the draining of technical water that has been amply illustrated in photo 4. These discharges increase the turbidity of rivers, which affects negatively the state of their hydrobiota.
Radiometric measurements were made with the use of the gamma radiation dosimeter -DKG-OZD "Grach" on all available radiometric research, the above-stated surveyed areas of the river Ar-don's bank zone within maximum proximity to the water's edge. The examples of measurement are shown in photo 5. These photos show most closely the location of the dosimeter to the water's edge by taking down indicators.
The results of radiometric measurements are presented in table 3.
In all cases, the measurement error ranged from 8% to 13%, the common average error indexes for all surveyed areas amounted to 10.7% (at the permissible limit of 15%). Indicators of radiation power y |j3b/s (millisieverts per sec) were converted to ICRI/hour (micro-roentgen per hour) for convenience.
JOURNAL OF NEW MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES - 2016 - V. 23, № 2 - P. 214-223
Photo 4. Stone-crushing plant on the river Sadon - the left tributary riverArdon (dumps along the river; the turbidity of river discharge waste technical water) (Photo by Margarita El. Dzodzikova)
Photo 5. Places of measurements of gamma-radiation -DKG-03D "rook" near the spring (left) and by the river Ardon (right) (Photo by Margarita El. Dzodzikova)
On average the capacity of gamma radiation for the surveyed areas is 0,27 SV/s (26,9 ICRI/hour), in six places, approaching the maximum permissible concentration and only in one place - the Right Bank above the village Boron (table 3) is somewhat exceeding the maximum allowable concentration.
The all-round apparent lack of living creatures (even tadpoles) in turbid waters below stone crushing enterprises has been drawn to attention. Photo 6 shows full visual lack of living creatures in the water and depleted, feeble vegetation cover. But a large number of fry Terek barbel (Barbuscis-caucasicus Kessler, 1877) by the value of 0,5-7cm, and sometimes met and larger individuals to 20-30cm (photo 6,b) have been observed in the upper reaches of the rivers in the shallows, for example, of the right tributary riverArdon near the village of Nizhny Biragsang.
Table З
Radiometric measurements dumps along the river Ardon (upstream)
The location of the dump Erro r,% Capacity of gamma bat. -Dn, SV/s Capacity of gamma bat, ICRI/hour Maximumper foroance, ICRI/h
Right bank2 (26 km2) 9 0.27 27 30
Left bank 1, the village of Mizur (before the entrance to the 1st tunnel) 12 0.25 25 30
Right bank 1, before the river Baddon 11 0.28 28 30
River Sadon, the left inflow of the river Ardon 10 0.29 29 30
Left bank 1, the village Nusal (all) 9 0.25 25 30
Right bank 1, the village Nusal, below the top of the bridge 13 0.25 25 30
Right bank 1, above the top of the bridge and the settlement of Nusal 9 0.24 24 30
58-th km of the gas pipe-line2 - - - -
Right bank 1, before the village Buron 10 0.27 27 30
Right bank 1, above the village Boron 8 0.32 32 30
Right bank 1 before turning in Kosh gorge 11 0.27 27 30
Left bank^ipelinstunnel2 - - - -
Left bank 1, 50 m below the Head HPP 10 0.29 29 30
Left bank 1, 1 km below the Head HPP 12 0.28 28 30
Right bank 1, 2 km below the Head HPP 11 0.25 25 30
Right bank Observation platform over HPP - - - -
Left bank 1, the road to Mamisoni gorge 10 0,26 26 30
Left bank 1, (tunnel "Kosh № 5") 9 0,29 29 30
Left bank 1, the 64-th km of the gas pipeline2 - - - -
Left bank 1, the 62-64-th km of the gas pipeline2 - - - -
Dumps in the construction of roads (10 tun-nels),the 68-70-th km of the gas pipeline2 - - - -
Average 10.7 0.27 26.9 30
Photo 6. No visible creatures in the waters below stone crushing enterprises. Terek barbel (Barbusciscaucasi-cus, Kessler, 1877) in the shallow waters of the right tributary riverArdon near the village of Nizhny Birag-sang (right) (Photo by Margarita E. Dzodzikova)
NOTE: 1 the river Ardon; 2 the pipeline Dzuarikau - Tskhinval
Analysis of the obtained data of radiation measurements showed that according to the Methodology of radiation control of industrial waste, approved by the State Standard of the Russian Federation "System of accreditation of laboratories of radiation control", approved by the Director of the Metrology Centre of ionizing radiation of the State Enterprise "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physical-Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements", Jarinoi V.R. (14.07.2000), the radiation background of the surveyed areas (Section 2., 2.1 and 2.2 above the State Standard of the Russian Federation) does not exceed maximum permissible concentrations and can be recognized as free from radiation zone and not demanding intervention
measures [12].
Thus, the results of measurement of the level of gamma radiation of the dump discharges along the bed of the river Ardon presented in table 3, allow us to draw the conclusion that identified indexes of the radiation background of the surveyed areas can be recommended as targets.
Specially protected natural territories are a national treasure, and their value is absolute. As shown previously conducted work, anthropogenic impact disturbs the Reserve's water's chemistry [13,14], affects the state of the Reserve's air basin and the health of children and adults in populated places of the surveyed territories [15,16]. If the radiation level in the valley of the river Ardon is relatively stable, the uncontrolled growth of the number and volume of dump sites has a particular danger in case of flooding.
For the frequency of the area of distribution and average annual damage floods are first among natural disasters in Russia. The peculiarity of floods and several other emergency situations of natural character is that it is impossible to prevent [17].
Floods in the river Ardon valley occur not every year. Mostly they are caused by the coincidence of heavy rainfall and active snow melting, and as a result water level in the channel and the flow rate increase significantly. These phenomena reach the maximum by the end of July - the beginning of August.
From 1849 to 2011, 103 catastrophic floods happened in the Ardon River valley, 342 mudflows came down, different parts of the Transcaucasian highway (transkam) were destroyed 32 times and the destruction length of the road was from 100 m to 8 km. In the last years, the floods and mudflows frequency have significantly increased. There were rock slides and landslides, mostly in the Kosh, Tsey and Mami-son gorges [18]. If the rise of the water level in the period of summer floods up to 2.5 metres is consi-
^MTepaTypa
dered as a relative norm and the banks of the river have been prepared to the load with this water body (catastrophic level is considered from 3 to 6 meters and more), the presense of rock dumps increase significantly the destructive force of the stream, because the rise of the water level even for a meter will wash away the spoil heaps and help them to slip away into the river and increase the water body in addition.
In this situation a separate threat comes from the Mizur concentrating factory's tailing dump, which is located near the left bank of the river Ar-don (the distance from the fortified region of tailings to the edge of the river Ardon over the slope is about 5 m, the relative height above the bankline is about 3 m). If the rise of the water level in the river exceeds more than 3 meters, there is a danger of wash out of the contents of the tailings into the bed of the river. All these factors greatly increase the anthropogenic impact on the flora and fauna of the reserve, protected areas and adjacent residential areas, lead to the destruction of fauna and flora, and disruption of the balance of the ecosystem.
Conclusions. Research has shown that:
1. The revealed growth of the number and the volume of dump sites along the river Ardon and its tributaries and the activities of the stone crushing enterprises increase the turbidity of waters and narrow the beds of the rivers, disrupt normal life-sustaining activity of the ecosystems of these areas, and unreinforced banks are a special threat in case of flooding.
2. Indexes of background radiation of the surveyed territories in planning future radiometric studies don't exceed the maximum permissible concentration and can be recommended as targets.
References
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Chubetzova RD, Gubanova JC. Therapeutic action of mineral waters of North Ossetia. Ordzhonikidze. "Il"; 1996 (Russian)
Amirkhanov AM, Lipkovich AD, Popov CP, Weinberg PI, Alekseev SK. North Ossetian reserve / Reserves of the USSR: the nature Reserves of the Caucasus; 1990. (Russian)
Badtiev US, Dzodzikova ME, Alagov AA. Ecological status of specially protected natural territories of North Ossetia-Alania of Federal significance. Vladikavkaz. Publishing house V.I. Abaev North Ossetian Institute of Humanitarian and Social Research of Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Government of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania; 2012 (Russian)
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Popov CP. Alagir gorge. Vladikavkaz, IR; 2008. (Russian)
North-Ossetian state nature reserve. Ordzhonikidze: Izd.: "IR"; 1989 (Russian)
Normative documents forradiation monitoring. URL: http://betagamma.ru/product_info.php?products_id=451 (Russian)
Dzodzikova ME, Pavlova IG, Gabaraeva VM. The impact of waters of different origin on the frequency of occurrence of mammary tumors in rats induced by CMA / Thesises of VII International Conference"Sustainable development of mountain areas in the contextof global change". Vladikavkaz-IR; 2010. (Russian)
Dzodzikova ME, Gridnev EA, Pogosyan A. Chemistry of waters of the North Ossetian reserve. Mountain regions in XXI century: collected scientific articles to the 75th anniversary of B.M. Beroev. Vladikavkaz - IR; 2011. (Russian)
Dzodzikova ME, Butaeva FM. Health Status of the population living on the territories of North-Ossetian reserve and its buffer zone in 2006 to 2011. Materials of Conference "White nights". The International Scientific and Practical Use. - St. Petersburg. International Academy of Sciences of ecology and life safety; 2013. (Russian)
Dzodzikova ME, Ephieva MK, Turiyeva DV. Environmental problem as one of global problems of the present (on a material of an ecological condition of the air pool and incidence of children in A mountain bush" Ala-
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Popov CP. Floods as outstanding hydrological phenomena in the North Ossetia-Alania and the Caucasus and their impact on the biota and human economic activities. Bulletin ofthe North OssetianBranch of the RussianGeo-graphical Society. 2006;11:50-5 (Russian)
