CC BY
3
The list of used literature:
1. Галперин M.P. "Стилистика английского языка" Учебник, Изд. 2-е, испр. и доп, М, Высшая школа 1977,
2. Katie Wales, A Dictionary of Stylistics, Pearson Education, 2001, p 315. ISBN 0-582-31737-1
3. Lesley Jeffries, Daniel McIntyre, Stylistics, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p 1. ISBN 0-521-72869-X
UDK 81-139
Odinaeva N. L.
Teacher department of "English language and literature"
Bukhara State University Uzbekistan, Bukhara city TEACHING VOCABULARYTO THE YOUNG LEARNERS THROUGH GAMES IN LANGUAGE LEARNING Summary: In this article the importance, influence of playing games in teaching vocabulary to the young learners on subject of learning language is described.
Key words: vocabulary, knowledge,acquisition, therapeutic, teaching,
game.
Teaching plays the most significantrole in learning process. Through teaching a teacher can help the students to comprehend the given lesson. The word "teaching" according to Brown is "showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge causing to know or understand" (Brown, 2001:7).
Brown also said that "teaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the learner to learn, setting the conditions for learning" (Brown, 2007:7). Heexplains that learning is acquiring or getting of knowledge of a subject or a skill from study, experience, and instructions. Learning is acquisition or getting, learning is retention of information skill, and learning involves some forms of practice, perhaps reinforced practice (Brown, 2000:7).Following the statement, we can surely say that teaching is connected with learning and they cannot be separated from each other because they support and fulfil each other.
Moreover, "Learning is a relatively permanent change in an individual's knowledge or behaviour that results from previous experience" (Hamilton and Ghatala, 1994:7).
Teaching and learning are the main role in education system. In teaching process, the teacher has important roles in guiding the students to learn materials. In the process of learning the learners get and learn information from the teacher, and they give feedback to the teacher as their response.
The success of teaching and learning process depends on both the teacher and the students. They should have a good communication. Teacher should be a
good teacher to make the student interested in learning the materials. Thus, the learner should give a good response to the teacher, such as giving a good attention to the explanation of the material given by teacher, asking questions, and answering the teacher's questions.
According to Harmer, there are some characteristics that the teacher should point out to be a good teacher;
1. A teacher should make his/her lesson interesting.
2. A teacher must love his/her job.
3. A teacher should have his/her personality.
4. A teacher should have a lot of knowledge.
5. A good teacher is an entertainer in positive sense, not in a negative sense.
Responding the requirements above, the teacher will be able to become a
qualified teacher and has the gift in making the students more interested in learning English.
The word "vocabulary" based on the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, means list of words with their meanings. Vocabulary is the first and essential thing that should be gained by the young learners. By mastering vocabularies,it will be easy for young learners to understand the language. If learners do not know the definitions of words, they will face some difficulties in understanding what they see, read, and learn.
The vocabulary is central to language and special importance to any language learner.It means that the learner should master the vocabulary so that they can learn or understand the language.
As stated by Harmer "at beginner and elementary levels it certainly seems a good idea to provide sets of vocabulary which students can learn" (Harmer, 1991:159).
Based on statement above, we can conclude that teaching more vocabulary to young learners is a good way. In their ages, they will be able to master foreign language if there is a good method in teaching them.
The most valuable thing taught to the young learners is mostly about enriching their vocabulary.Vocabulary becomes the main topic that must be mastered by especially young learners in language learning.Enhancing English words and their definitions, the students will find it easy to master English. Although the students of elementary school are included in beginner level, they still lay in learning English vocabulary. The issues that they mostlycome across are the difficulties in memorizing new words and their less interest in learning English. The teacher must use an appropriate teaching method to solve those hard matters. One of the effective methods which can be used in training is game. Following the experience with situations where vocabularies are used by the young learners, this technique is proved as helpful inlearning theEnglish vocabulary easily. By doing fun activities the students will be more attracted, motivated, and learn how to design, create the materials.
According to Hadfield, a game is an activity with rules, a goal and element
of fun. (Hadfield,1 998:4).Similarly, Harmer states; "Games are a vital part of a teacher's equipment, not only for language practice they provide, but also for the therapeutic effect they have. They can be used at any stage of a class to provide an amusing and challenging respite from other classroom activity and are especially useful at the end of along day to send students away feeling cheerful about their English class".(Harmer, 1991:101)
Games can be the media to teach vocabularies to young learners for some reasons. According to Wright, Bitteridge, and Buckby "games can be found to give practice in all the skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking), and for many types of communications (e.g. encouraging, criticizing, agreeing, explaining)". (1997:1). Games are used to make the children easier to understand and remember vocabularies in some topics. By using games, the children do not feel that they learn something through that activity. Through games the students become active learners.
Vocabulary should be mastered by the young learners so that they will be easy to understand the language. The way to make them easy in learning vocabulary is by giving a good method in teaching. The teacher should have a creative way in giving the materials to the students; one of the ways is by doing some fun activities.
"Children play and children want to play. Children learn through playing. In playing together, children interact and in interacting they develop language" (Brumfit, 1995:142).
According to Harmer, "At the same time children's span of attention or concentration is less than adults. Children need frequent changes of activity: They need activities which are exciting and stimulate their curiosity: They need to be involved in something active (They will usually not sit and listen)" (Harmer, 1991:7).
Based on the statements above, we can conclude that in teaching vocabulary the teacher should be able to create some various fun activities. The aim of that way is to make the student easier in understanding the materials and easier in memorizing the new words. Through experiences with situations in which a language is used by the students, they will be easy to learn and used the language. Besides, we also know that young learners have a high curiosity in learning something new. But they will be able to get bored easily if there is the same method in teaching. So the various kinds of fun activities are needed to attract them and increase their attention in learning English. So,one of the funniest activities which can be used in teaching English to the young learners is using games.
List of used literature:
1. Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principle of Language Teaching and Learning. New York: Pearson Education.
2. Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York: Pearson Education.
3. Brumfit, Christopher (et. all). 1995. Teaching English to Children. New York: Longman.
4. Hammilton, Richard and Ghatala, Elizabeth. 1994. Learning and Instuction. United State of America
5. Harmer, Jeremy. 1991. The Practice of English Language Teaching: New Edition. NewYork: Longman
6. Wright, Andrew et all. 1997. Games for Language Learning: New Edition. UnitedKingdom: CambridgeUniversityPress.
УДК 616
Oxunov L.Q. Head chair Surgery and obstetrics Kokand Medical College Uzbekistan, Kokand city PROCEDURE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF PERSONS Annotation: When the heart stops, the person becomes emotional, the color becomes white, the pupil expands, the pulse is not detected, the arterial pressure decreases rapidly, the tone is not heard, and the breathing is broken. In such a case, immediate medical attention should be provided.
Key words: Terminal state, agonies, clinical death, social mortality, biological death, resuscitation, intensive care.
Terminal state is the state of life and death. It consists of three stages: Phase I - The state of the agonies. At this stage, the activity of internal organs is gradually halted. This can take 1-2 hours, sometimes 1-2 days.
II stage - state of the agrochemicals. In this case, the patient feels good for a short period of time and his condition is improved. This takes only a few minutes.
III stage - death. Death will be three:
1. Clinical death.
2. Social mortality.
3. Biological death.
Clinical mortality - begins with a heart attack and lasting 3-5 minutes. At this point, brain cells are dead, so patients can be recovered. The main symptoms of clinical deaths:
1. Anesthesia.
2. The absence of pulse, ie heart failure.
3. Stopping breathing.
Additional symptoms of clinical death:
1. Expand eye contraction.
2. Archeology - lack of reflexes.
3. Reduced body temperature.
4. Skin color swelling.
Social Disease - The brain cells are dead but breathing and blood circulation
