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МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ НАУКА» №6/2015 ISSN 2410-6070
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 811.161.1
L.S. Jakipova, MA, senior teacher A.K. Zhunisbayeva, candidate of philological sciences Almaty Technological University Almaty, Kazakhstan
TEACHING THE BILINGUAL STUDENT: A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING
Annotation
In the article there are considered possibilities for addressing concerns about teaching the English language for special purposes, different aspects of professional English in teaching bilingual students, stylistic functions of scientific texts, i.e. limitation of language material as well as the frequency of use the grammatical and lexical minimum to communicate on the wide range of special professional subjects.
Key words
bilingual student, language for special purposes, language learning, communication, scientific text, stylistic characteristics, grammatical and lexical minimum, model texts.
Scientific technical achievements in many industries have an impact on the language as the most important means of communication. This progress presupposes constant and regular exchange of information between researchers, explorers, technical specialists, users, etc. at conferences, congresses, meetings, in correspondence, in written scientific or professional articles, textbooks, manuals as well as personal contacts of scientists from different countries. It can be fully referred to all foreign languages, in general, and English, in particular, which means that specialists must be able to read, understand, write and speak that variety of English which is used in the sphere of their professional interests, master their language skills in order to get necessary information, express their points of view and opinions on various scientific subjects. In this connection a lot of questions concerning language preparation and improvement of professional and scientific qualifications are bound to arise, especially when it comes to preparation of university students as future high performers.
It follows that the study of professional and scientific English comes forth. They will have to be well aware of different aspects of the language for special purposes (LSP) and accordingly the problem of modern language manuals on various specialties becomes extremely important for university students and teachers. Thus, it is necessary to stress the point concerning some peculiarities of professional English language classes for Kazakh speaking students of LSP at universities of Kazakhstan. The thing is that many of them can be considered as bilingual students who possess more or less equally both languages: Kazakh (native) and Russian (the language of international communication in the Republic of Kazakhstan). This fact can be regarded as an additional psychological help to them which enables such bilingual students to get advantage of their previous language experience, that is, the experience they have already had living in multinational society and communicating in both languages simultaneously from the very childhood. First of all it refers to the content of the learning process which is of a special importance when it serves the professional needs of learners, that is the correspondence between the themes, language material and the requirements of the specialty. Such classes based on the bilingual skills of learners and real objectively existing circumstances and educative targets give an extra opportunity for teachers to intensify the learning course and stimulate students to achieve all their potential goals in learning professional English in the short period of time.
In terms of the intensive language learning curricula the accurate and thorough selection and strict limitation of language material and themes are of a special importance. While talking about limitation of the linguistic material we mean the limits imposed by the scientific functional style. As it is well known there exist different classifications of functional styles of
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ НАУКА» №6/2015 ISSN 2410-6070 language but in general all of them can be divided into two main styles: the scientific functional style and the style of verbal art. When we deal with professional English (professionally oriented learning) it is vital to take into account all the peculiarities of the style of science in terms of grammar, vocabulary and stylistic arrangement of scientific texts.
As we know the main functions of language are information, communication and impact which are closely interconnected, interdependent and interpenetrated, but, nevertheless, when it comes to the scientific style, the function of information comes first. It is purposeful to start professional language courses with the texts of general scientific character (general scientific vocabulary) and then gradually, step-by-step, to pass to more specialized, more professional texts. As far as bilingual students are concerned, there exist some other psychological factors, which are widely discussed now, and the factor of the professional interest to the content of the text, which contains special professional information, is among them. Usually bilingual students are well prepared to adopt such knowledge because they normally read and listen a lot to the subject in the Kazakh and Russian languages during their special classes, lectures, TV programs and in everyday communications.
There is no need to include highly specialized texts into professional English manuals, because their content may not be equally interesting and understandable to all members of the learning group. While selecting texts the composition, structure, stylistic characteristics, contents and linking words such as "thus, first, second, however, therefore, hence", etc. should be taken into account, like in the following text, for example, "Publicity is information about an individual, organization, or product transmitted through mass media at no charge. Publicity has two advantages over advertising. First, it is free. Second, it is more believable because it is often presented as a news story. However, publicity is not controlled by the seller - it is controlled by the media, and this is its disadvantage. If, when, and how a news release, a press conference, a captioned photograph, an appearance on a talk show, or a staged event will be covered by the media is outside the control ofpublic relations managers." [1]
It is very important to single out the grammatical and lexical minimum based on the principle of usage frequency which provides students with the ability to communicate on the wide range of special professional subjects. As for the lexical minimum, it can be divided into three groups: general vocabulary, general scientific vocabulary and special vocabulary (terms).
In bilingual groups it is possible to increase the amount of new words during the classes with the help of derivatives, one-root words, Kazakh and Russian equivalents, international words, borrowings and also with the help of the so-called "language guess", when the meaning of the unknown word or word-combination can be understood from the context. Taking into consideration everything mentioned above, it is vital to draw special attention to the "model" texts [2] and try to study and analyze the best examples of scientific and professional texts of outstanding representatives of different sciences and businesses. Thus, it is high time to optimize the scientific language and methods of its teaching. Normally the scientific style abounds in the usage of usual, cliched linguistic units with one-to-one correspondence of the form and its meaning. Mainly it concerns those words and phrases which are widely used in the particular professional sphere of language communication.
One of the specific features of the scientific register is the usage of stylistically neutral (without any expressive, emotive, emotional overtones, that is without adherent connotations) linguistic units. It is the basis for "model" texts. The scientific style is distinguished from the style of verbal art by the fact that both the speaker and the listener understand and speak the same register of the language and so they both receive information in the same way. While when it comes to the style of verbal art, the content of the same book, for example, can be interpreted by different readers in different ways. Usually the work of verbal art is highly connotative.
References:
1. Pearson custom business resources. Pearson custom publishing. Boston, the USA, 2009(page 236)
2. "Синтагматика функциональных стилей и оптимизация преподавания иностранных языков". С.Г.Тер-Минасова, Москва, 1986
© L.S. Jakipova, A.K. Zhunisbayeva, 2015
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ НАУКА» №6/2015 ISSN 2410-6070 УДК 811.161.1
N.I. Marinova, senior teacher A.K. Zhunisbayeva, candidate of philological sciences Almaty Technological University Almaty, Kazakhstan
ON TRANSLATION OF KAZAKH POETRY Annotation
The works of the classic of the Kazakh literature Abay Kunanbayev become more and more popular among people. His poems are translated into many world languages. Authors of the article have expressed their opinion about English and Russian translations.
Key words
poetry, translation, research, philologist In spite of the fact that there exist a large amount of literature on translation of texts of different functional styles, the vast majority of investigators approach the subject either from quite a negative or, on the contrary, too optimistic points of view. Neither of these approaches can account for the cultural and aesthetic impact on the development of cultural relations between different countries, nations, organizations and people. One of the main components of it is translation of verbal art, in general, and poetry, in particular. The aim of translation of verbal art is to show how the combination of different linguistic means and stylistic devices used by the author of the original work of literature is conveyed in its translation without loss of its aesthetic essence and impact on the reader, how it reveals the peculiarities of the original utterance. As far as the material of research is concerned the poetry of the outstanding Kazakh poet and enlightener Abay Kunanbayev seems to be a very good choice, because his books have been already analyzed in terms of lexical, grammatical and stylistic research, but have never been envisaged in detail, as far as we know, in terms of translation from Kazakh into foreign languages, especially English. The first problem the linguists were faced with was the fact that every imaginable kind of utterance, irrespective of register, was analyzed in terms of the same parameters. But when it comes to verbal art these criteria appear to be only the preliminary step. If a philologist wants to appreciate a translation of the work of verbal art it should be studied as a global whole. Such analysis is aimed atappreciating the way a piece of translated text is organized as a work of art. The ultimate aim of this kind of analysis is to account for the nature of aesthetic impact produced by the translated text to the same degree as the original one. Its aim consists in finding out in what way different linguistic means (words, word-combinations, patterns of major syntax, etc.) are involved in the process of verbal creativity, how this or that combination of linguistic units results in a particular aesthetic impact and how is the artistic effect determined by the author's global intention. In other words, while translating a text of verbal art a linguopoetic analysis becomes a must.
In the field of linguopoetic analysis alongside with general investigations which disclose the essence of the linguopoetic analysis, the time has come to work out a concrete method of linguopoetic research of translated texts. This method gives the scientists an opportunity to be acquainted with all the peculiaritiesof the original work of literature and its translations into other languages. This method was elaborated and developed by applying to the poems of Abay Kunanbayev and their translations in English and Russian. [1] As it was mentioned above a system of parameters has been worked out: voice of the author, the thematic content, words and word-combinations, the use of idiomatic phraseology and the vertical context. All these aspects of analysis taken together help readers of translated poetry to appreciate a poem as a work of art. Let's analyze the following translations of two stanzas from the famous Abay's poem "Poetic speech, the Queen of literature..." блец-сездщ патшасы, сез сарасы Киыннан ^иыстырар ер данасы. Тшге жещл, жYрекке жылы тшп, Теп-тепс ж^мыр келсш айналас. Бетен сезбен былганса сез сарасы,
