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154CULTUROLOGY | KVnbTVPQnOrMfl
TALK SHOW AS A MODERN CULTURAL PHENOMENON
Maryina L.P.
St. Petersburg State University Theory of journalism аnd mass communications department Саndidate of Sociology, AssiMant Professor of the Theory ofjournalism and mass communications department. Scientific intereMs
include culturology of journalism, the arts theory and cultural communications
ABSTRACT
The dynamics of the modern media space leads to the fludy of the talk show as a cultural phenomenon. In the context of the synthesis of interpersonal and mass communication not only entertainment content talk show research is relevant, but also research of the psychology of communication, methodology of the game, whereby is carried out cultural communication in the talk show. Today, the audience increasingly requires dramatic idea, and not jufl the presentation of images. One of the directions of realization of the new epiflemology in journalism is a usage of a game as a way of perception of the world. Today informativeness and entertainment, treatment of reality as a game, eclectic and mosaic presentation of information dominate there.
Keywords: aeflhetics of communication, game theory, social and cultural dynamics, socio-cultural communication, talk shows, verbal and non-verbal communication, communication flyle, the aeflhetics of the talk show hofl.
The generalization of the scientific aspects of game theory research methodology equips psychology of the game on television, in particular, in a talk show. The sociological concept of dramatic action, subflantiated Habermas, Hoffman and other sociologies and psychologies, the author uses the features of the dramatic talk show, allows to perform intercultural communication. In modern television there are quite a little high-quality programs and even less known brands. This socio-cultural situation, to talk shows could bring communication value transfer into everyday life behaviors and visual images, you need to apply innovative gaming techniques actualizing cultural communication on TV.
Due to objective reasons, the development of modern human sciences depends largely on communication processes and characterized by close interdisciplinary links. In this context, journalism as an activity which dealing with the information may be examined at the intersection of information and communication sciences (it includes the same material -information and knowledge), as well as cultural, political and sociological disciplines.
The mofl outflanding representatives of the researchers who feel the trends in the development of the information sector and who suggefled a syflematic approach to the analysis of the role of information and information technology are the following ones: A. Touraine, P. Servan-Schreiber, M. Poniatowski, etc. (France); A. Giddens, P. Golding, G. Murdock, N. Garnem (UK); J. Habermas, N. Luhmann, etc. (Germany); M. McLuhan (Canada); M. Caflells, G. Schiller, J. Bell, A. Toffler, etc. (USA); D. Masunda (Japan). High-tech information networks operating on a global scale are considered are considered as one of the basic conditions of the information society.
Scientifls of St. Petersburg State University examine the dynamics of the information syflem and its place journalism. For inflance, Korkonosenko S.G. emphasizes the primary role of media product in global communications. The researcher notes
that « ...although the information interaction in the society occurs across multiple different channels and direction, nevertheless it inevitably dominates through the media» [1, P. 253]. In this context it is worth to talk about the diversity ofjournalism which can generally be considered as an inexhauflible source of fludy of social reality.
Modern society is characterized by a high dynamism of social and cultural changes which occur under the influence of a number of factors. And the mofl important of them is mass media. Media, on the one hand, link together different cultural worlds, but, on the other hand, in the process of interaction even more differences are being detected. A new interpretation of communication goes beyond the technical aspects and it is considered in the context of human contacts and dialogicity of communication. Professor of the St. Petersburg school of journalism, Sidorov V.A. highlights: «... a general trend towards the globalization of economic, political and cultural life of the peoples of the world is a deeply contradictory process that gave rise to both supporters of the ideology and practice of globalization and its ardent opponents -anti-globalifls. In this case, we should be moflly interefled in the information component of globalization which is corresponding to the beginning of the new millennium and in which we can find both the progressive beginning, leading us to the flrengthening of mutual underflanding of the peoples and societies and the regressive one ...» [3, P. 8].
Russian social and humanitarian science disciplines examine cultural process including journalism and as part of the culture, which is broadcafling socially important information. [5, P. 260270]. A number of scientifls (Guy Debord, A. Dugin, S. Kara-Murza) flates the transfer of content of social and political life in a symbolic mythological space and turning it into a virtual play in which troupe of political actors involved with a set of different roles.
Talk show (from English talk-show, talk - talk, communicate, show - display, demonflration) as a genre appeared on American
television in the 60s of the twentieth century. Talk show hofl -not a passive observer but the moderator, guiding the discussion on track. He has a bright personality (which is why the role of the leading flars are often invited). An important feature of the talk show is outwardly open discussion between the hofl and guefl. Thus, they improvised dialogue during shooting creates a unique effect of the program.
On American television in the mid-twentieth century, the creator of the talk show was Phil Donahue. He is keenly aware of the audience, «warmed up» her curiosity with provocative queflions. Today that kind of game genre has become a talk show. Thanks to Phil Donahue talk show genre has become so popular that almofl all US TV Nations - from large, national values to small provincial - had their own talk show. In the situation of private competition talk show pays less and less attention to social and political issues and becomes increasingly scandalous. Initially, there was such popularity in the US, then in Weflern Europe, and later - worldwide.
In the 80s - 90s of the 20th century the American television talk show reached its peak of popularity. Recall programs such as «Larry King live», «The Oprah Winfrey Show», «Late Show with David Letterman», «Ellen's talk show», «Conan talk show».
Russian researchers emphasize: «TV as a means of mass communication emerged in the second half of the 40-s of the lafl century, after the Second World War. As emphasized by many media researchers, none of the many achievements of scientific and technological progress was not included so quickly into the life of all mankind, and did not influence as greatly as television. The pace of development of television was even more rapid than that of the radio ... At the beginning of the XXI century TV has become the mofl popular mass media in the world» [4, P. 75-76]. In this context, it is advisable to fludy the talk show as a valuable activity-communication, which connects the interpersonal communication and mass communication.
Russian television viewers were introduced to American talk show Donahue in 1986. His name is associated with U.S.Soviet Space Bridge, which connected live people of America and the Soviet Union. These programs are unique in television journalism. Vladimir Pozner became known to TV viewers as a partner Phil Donahue on U.S.-Soviet Space Bridge. After these transfers, Posner spent tens of various talk shows with the participation of hundreds of people of different professions and age, gender. The mofl popular talk show is «Posner». Meetings on the Firfl Channel with Vladimir Pozner - a successful copy of the textbook, for example, a Larry King's talk show hofl Larry King.
«Journaliflic activity in a global context of socio-cultural socialization acts as an agent of development and building a culture provides interaction with the sphere of culture» [2, P. 40]. It is journalifls in diflant 80s of lafl century who were the firfl to broadcafl value of popular culture, and began to use domeflic television genres, providing socio-cultural dynamics of communication, filled with the content of the new aeflhetics. The firfl talk show in Russia turned out to be the copy of foreign television shows that have evolved gradually, gained national tone. A successful television program in this genre: «Evening Urgant» on Channel One - the firfl genuine «Late Night Show» on Russian television. The «Evening Urgant» - is media performance which is taken as a basis the real events of recent days that have happened in the country. Hofl Ivan Urgant tells viewers the news in a humorous manner with his comments, and then discuss them with well-known guefls. The conversation is carried on any topic: the main thing that was easy, moderately serious and sincere.
Television fills human leisure, inform him of the flate of the world, entertains, educates, and is flrong enough effects on spiritual values, everyday culture, which are formed by means of mass communication, including - television, which is a mechanism of diflribution of these values. The copying process in a talk show allows for intercultural communication. Talk shows, as a popular genre on Russian television, a national identity, and at the same time - it is a platform for discussion of topical issues of today really. It provides an interactive gaming technology interaction of all participants in a talk show, filled with content to communicate the new aeflhetics.
References
1. Basics of journalism: a manual for undergraduate / ed. S. G. Korkonosenko. - 2nd ed. - M., 2013, P. 253.
2. Maryina L. P. Journalism and culture interaction dynamics. Lviv, 2013. - P. 40.
3. Sidorov V. A. Political culture of journalifl. St. Petersburg, 2010. P. 8.
4. Social psychology of mass communication/ N. N. Bodomolov. M., 2008. P. 75-76.
5. The theory of journalism in Russia the birth and development/ed. S. G. Korkonosenko, St.-Peterburg, 2014. -270 c.
