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10BIOLOGY
SYSTEMATIC STRUCTURE AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE TAXONOMY OF THE NONEA MEDIK GENUS IN
AZERBAIJAN FLORA
Vugar Karimov
Azerbaijan, Baku, Institute of Botany of ANAS
Abstract. A critical analysis of the types of Nonea Medik genus has been held, a systematic structure of the genus and a new key for its determination has been issued, a number of controversial issues related to the genus taxonomy has been clarified in the article. A description of 11 species of Nonea Medik genus spread in our flora from the family Boraginaceae Juss. was stated in the voluminous work "Флора Азербайджана" ("Flora of Azerbaijan") (by Kadyrov 1957) and its 14 species in the work by Aydin Asgarov "The concept of Azerbaijan flora" that we improved this number up to 18 by providing a new description of two types of this genus for science and by identifying a few more species that are new to our flora.
Keywords: Boraginaceae Juss. family, controversial issues, taxonomy, section sequence, diagnostic symptoms.
Introduction. Nonea Medik genus was named in honor of "Erfrut" physician and botanist J.P.Nonne, who lived in the 18th century. The name of this genus is also shown as Nonneya in Azerbaijan language in the flora of Azerbaijan. In Turkey's flora and relevant atlases, this species is called Khechaotu in Turkish, which is explained by the fact that the species belonging to this genus is covered with hard claws. Taking into account the nature of the plant, we have decided to name it as a Kechaotu in our own work. It is close to the genus Anchusa and is distinguished from it by the shortness and the relatively small top part of the crown. It has mainly 30 species in the Aral Sea (North Africa, West Asia) and Europe.
The shape, size, color, signs of pericarp, vertical, bent or full horizontal position, naked or slightly splinted, the condition of the cynicidal joints (its joint from the base, side), thickness, the surface signs of senobin (nut fruit) are taken as the basis at the identification of genus species and their division into sections.
M. G. Popov (M. Попов 1953), D. Dobrachayeva (Добрачаева 1981) has divided the Eastern European and Caucasian nuts into three sections based on these signs. F. Selvi (Selvi, 2002) used these features in his article on the genetic and cadadic analysis of genus, as well as M. Parkavan (2009) in his systematic article of Iranian flora nuts. The flowers are placed in simple leafy curls and short stalks. The stalks bend downwards after flowering. Cups are tubular-rhinoceros, almost half divided and swollen around the fruit. The crows are funnel-shaped, dark-brown, red or yellow, and petals in pipe length and have 5 soft fluffy protuberances. The stamens are long-pollinated, pistil with thin columns and two-eyed mouthpiece and do not go beyond the crown tube. The fruits are straight or curved, with a wrinkled, ring-shaped, semi-submerged cigar, with white attachment. The flower bed is smooth (flat), celtic towel. They are herbs covered with coded butterfly leaves.
Lectotype: N.pulla (L.) DC. (=Lycopsis pulla L.).
There are 30-35 species in the world, ~20 in Caucasus, 18 species in Azerbaijan.
Materials and methods. The materials kept in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LE), Tibilisi Herbarium (TIB) and Herbarium of the Institute of Botany of ANAS were analyzed, literature and internet resources, various maps, the results of the authors' observations in nature, and the collected herbarium materials were used upon the publication of the article. The comparative morphological, systematic, botanical, fluorogenetic and other methods were used during working. Флора СССР-1953, Флора Кавказа-1967, Флора Азербайджана-1957, Флора Грузии- 1985, Flora of Turkey-1978., Flora iranica-1967 and other flora and summaries have been used as the main sources of comparative analysis and works by Qrossheym (1936, 1948). S. K. Cherepanov (1995), A. M. Asgarov (2011, 2015), A. R. Murtazaliev (2009), V. N. Karimov (1999, 2000, 2013, 2014, 2016) and other scientists were referred to in the article.
Conclusions. Descriptions of 11 species of Nonea Medik genus spread in our flora from the family Boraginaceae Juss. were stated in the voluminous work "Флора Азербайджана" ("Flora of Azerbaijan") (by Kadyrov 1957) and its 14 species in the work by Aydin Asgarov "The concept of
Azerbaijan flora". As a result of scientific research initiated by us in 2005, taxonomic composition of Nonea Medik genus was critically examined and as a result, it was identified that the number of the Azerbaijan genus is 18 species. In this part of the article, we tried to clarify some of the controversial issues that have been documented in the systematics and dissemination of several species added to the list for our fluorine from the Boraginaceae family.
1. Nonea intermedia Ledeb. In order to confirm that the species of Nonea intermedia Ledeb. has its kind in Azerbaijan which was stated in this work by Aydin Asgarov that these species are spread in Azerbaijan Flora, and although our researches held in various herbarium funds (mainly in LE, BAK and TIB herbariums) since 2008 and the critical analysis of the former USSR, Caucasus and Azerbaijan flora had no any result, we think that Mr. Aydin is an influential researcher and he wouldn't add this type onto the common list of Nonea genus species without any reference and we decided to keep this type in our list.
2. About the species Nonea cyanocalix Pop.ex V. Karimov, Nonea persica Boiss., Nonea pulla subsp. armeniaca M. Pop. and Nonea lenkoranika Grossh. belonged to the Pullae M. Pop. line that described by M. G. Popov:
In this same work, A. Askerov shows again that Nonea pulla species are spread in our flora. The findings of our research show that classical N.pulla is not met in our flora, and we have met these species that have ever been classified as varieties of Nonea daghestanica, N. cyanocalix, N. pulla subsp. armeniaca, N. persica, and N. lencoranica, the last three species among them are classified as new species or semi-species in the Nonea Medik species list of our flora. We have provided a description of two species Nonea cyanocalix Popov ex V. Karimov and N. bakuensis Popov ex V. Karimov included into the list. Beside it, the taxnonomy status of 3 species from the Nonea pulla group has been investigated and their species status has been determined. We have recevied the Nonea persica Boiss. and Nonea lenkoranica Kusn. in a species status among these species because these species are differ from another types and varieties due to their persistent and significant diagnostic symptoms. In other species, for example in Nonea armeniaca Grosssh species on the contrary, most of the symptoms that characterize this type of species are symptoms that are not important in terms of unstable and diagnostic aspects. For this reason, we consider it more expedient to present None pulla type of this taxon as its half-type species - Nonea pulla subsp. armeniaca M. Pop.
3. Nonea diffusa Boiss. et Buhse. Another interesting type from None caspica group, the N. diffuser type differs sharply from N. caspica by its large-scale, purple and pale pink colors crown, by its common habit and body truncation. This difference also gave rise to a sudden increase in the two types of eremas in different sizes and structures and in their differences in anatomical structure. Although M. Popov has received Nonea diffusa types as a variation, the processing of recent literature (Iranian and Turkish flora), and the collection of herbarium that we collected, show that it is better to describe this taxon as a separate species.
4. Nonea flavescens (C. A. Mey.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey. If we take a look at the composition of Azerbaijani representatives of the Nonea genus, N. flavescens is closer to the species N.lutea and N. Setosa according to their own signs. According to the overall appearance and the shape of the flower group, although N. flavescens is closer to N.lutea, its type of leaves is similar to that of N. Setosaya more than N.lutea, due to the size and scattering of the form. The flower group is intense in fruit growing, and the flowers size is small these are the main characteristic of this species, which differentiates it from the species N.lutea and N. setosa. It differs from N.lutea not only by the shape and size of the leaves, but also by the characteristic of the flower buds - although the curves in N. flavescens are so intense when the fruit grows, they are much nourished in N.lutea. The flowering of N.lutea is larger, wide and in egg-shape than that of N.flavescens. N.lutea's bowls are almost half a size than N. flavescens and have long teeth. As from N.flavescensd to N.lutea, there are also numerous transitional forms to N.setosa. Although M.Popov perceives this species as the southern ridge of the Nonea lutea species, given the above-mentioned symptoms, constant and important diagnostic significance, we regard Nonea flavescens as an independent species.
As a result of the research carried out, two types of genes - the new distribution areas of Nonea decurrens (C. A. Mey.) G. Don. N. flavescens (C. A. Mey.) Fisch.et Mey. have been identified within the borders of Azerbaijan. We have firstly discovered that the 1st type of Nonea decurrens (C. A. Mey.) species has spread in the territory of Azerbaijan's Greater Caucasus Center (Pirqulu State Reserve of Shamakhi region), but the 2nd type, N. flavescens (C. A. Mey.) Fisch.et Mey. in the Greater Caucasus Central (Ismayilli region).
The taxonomic structure of the Nonea Medik genus and the full list of 18 species found in the flora of Azerbaijan are listed below;
Fig. 1.
1. Nonea alpestris (Stev.); 2. Nonea luthea (Desr.) DC.; 3. Nonea flavescens (C.A.Mey.) Fisch. et C.A.Mey; 4. Nonea setosa (Lehm.) Roem.et Schult. G.Don; 5. Nonea rosea (Bieb.) Link.; 6. Nonea versicolor fStev.) Sweet; 6. Nonea caspica (Willd.)G.Don.; 7. Nonea bakuensis Pop. ex
V.Karimov ; 8. Nonea diffusa Boiss. et Buhse
Fig. 2.
10. Nonea melanocarpa Boiss.; 11.Nonea cyanocalix Pop.ex V.Karimov; \2.Nonea intermedia Ledeb. (foto by David K harazishvili); 13. Nonea persica Boiss.; 14. Nonea pulla subsp. armeniaca M.Pop. ; 15. Nonea lenkoranika Grossh. ; 16. Nonea decurrens (C.A.Mey.) G.Don; 17. Nonea daghestanika Kusn.; 18. Nonea ventricosa (Stev.) Sweet (foto by Pavel Yevseenkov)
Genus Nonea Medik Phil.Bot.1, 1789.31. Section-1. Orthocaryum DC. Line-I. Alpestris M. Pop
1. Nonea alpestris (Stev.) G. Don Line-II. Luthea M. Pop
2. Nonea luthea (Desr.) DC.
3. Nonea setosa (Lehm.) Roem.et Schult.
4. Noneaflavescens (C.A.Mey.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey Line-III. Rosea M.Pop
5. Nonea rosea (Bieb.) Link.
6. Nonea versicolor fStev.) Sweet Section-1. Cryptanthera DC. Line-I. Pictae M. Pop.
7. Nonea melanocarpa Boiss.
8. Nonea caspica (Willd.)G. Don.
9. Nonea bakuensis Pop. ex V. Karimov
10. Nonea diffusa Boiss. et Buhse Line-II. Pullae M. Pop.
11.Nonea cyanocalix Pop.ex V. Karimov
12. Nonea intermedia Ledeb.
13. Noneapersica Boiss.
14. Noneapulla subsp. armeniaca M. Pop.
15. Nonea lenkoranika Grossh.
16. Nonea decurrens (C. A. Mey.) G. Don
17. Nonea daghestanika Kusn. Section-3. Cyrtocaryum DC. Line-I. Ventricosae M. Pop
18. Nonea ventricosa (Stev.)Sweet Specification table of varieties:
1. Eremies are bent, the crankcase joints are gentle; the crown is small and white ----------------
...............................................................18. N.ventricosa.
+ Eremies are kidney-shaped and bent..................................................2.
2. They are one-year, in a few cases, two-years plants -------------------------------3.
+ Perennial plants.........................................................................10.
3. The crown is yellow --------------------------------------------------------------------4.
+ The crown is red or purple.............................................................6.
4. The crown and its tube is out of the bowl, the bend is enlivanted, 10-15 mm long -------------
..................................................................3.N.setosa.
+ The crown and its tube are small, do not go beyond the bowl, the twist is weakly developed, relatively small ---------------------------------------------------------------5.
5. The flower leaves are long-oval, with a high iris; The crimson floral group is long, spacious and sparse........................................................2.N.lutea.
+ Botanical leaves are lily-shaped, the curling blossom group is short and tight..................
..................................................................4.N.flavescens.
6. These are plants acting themselves as annual, biennial, and sometimes perennial herbs depending on the environmental factors, ----------------------------------------7.
+ Is a one-year plant by its character.....................................................8.
7. The teeth of the casserole are equal to its pipe. It has a smooth ring on the basis of Eremas. These are lowland and downhill mountain plants..............5.N.rosea.
+ The teeth of the fishing trim are three times shorter than the tube part of the pipe; it has
wrinkled rings on the basis of their eremas. These are subalp herbaceous plants----------------------------
...............................6.N.versicolor.
7. The erema ring is very flat, dark bubbles and has very tight teeth---------------------------------
..............................................................8.N.melanocarpa.
+ The erema ring is taller and more dense...............................................8.
8. The crown is large-sized, with a diameter of 5-6 mm in the mouth, color varies from pink to
violet, sometimes to blue. The synobrums are directed from the top to the side.............................
.........................................11.N.diffusa.
+ The crown is smaller, with a diameter of 2-4 mm from the mouth part, changeable from dark red to the violet color--------------------------------------------9.
9. The cup is 7-10 mm in length, the teeth are thinner, the flower crown is dark violet, the leaves are covered with edges..............................10.N.bakuensis.
+ The length of cup is up to 9-12 mm and is cut into triangular, long-bumpy teeth, with a
purple crown purple-red, and leaves are long lashes along the edge-------------------------------------------
...................................................9.N.caspica.
10.(2). The crown is yellow; Cup is tightly covered with hair.--------1.N.alpestris.
+ The crown is not yellow...............................................................11.
11. Eremies are large-sized, 6-8 mm in length.......................................12.
+ Eremies are small, 3-4 mm in length.................................................13.
12. Strong gigantic tuxedo; the leaves of the body are not bent down...............................
............................................................17.N.daghestanica.
+ Soft hairy, shaggy leaves do not bend down........................16.N.decurrens.
13. It is a herbaceous plant with small-sized crown, xerophytic inclined of lower mountain range. Flower leaves are narrow and minimal............................14.
+ It is a herbaceous plant with big-sized crown, big cup with large teeth mesophytes inclined
of higher mountain range. Flower leaves are wide lens-shaped and maximal................................
--------------------------------------16.
14. The crowns are relatively large and go out of the bowl with 1/3 part............................
...................................................................13. N.persica
+ The crowns are very small and usually do not go out of the bowl..............15.
15. The trunks are fragmented up to % and the flower bed is sparsely visible.......................
...................................................14.N.pulla subn.armeniaca
+ Trunks are half-fragmented with sharp teeth. Flower bed is a heap................................
...............................................................15.N.lenkoranica
16. The crowns are purple with 12-15mm diameter mouth. Cups are covered with half-section and gray hairs...............................................12.N.intermedia
+ The crowns are dark purple or brown with a mouth having a diameter of 10-12 mm. Cups are covered up to % part and covered with blue hairs --11.N.cyanocalix
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