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UDC 636.4.614.95
SYSTEM OF YOUNG PIGS FEEDING USING FOOD WASTES WITHIN THE MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF PREPARATION THEM FOR FEEDING
Logvinov S.V., Post-graduate student Kozlov A.S., Doctor of Biological Sciences Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia E-mail: sergej6041977@yandex. ru
ABSTRACT
Comparative studying of features of feed consumption, processes of digestion, metabolism and growth intensity at pigs after weaning was carried out at traditional feeding (1 group) and at feeding by wastes of dairy industry, by food wastes and wastes of starched production in their various combination (2 and 3 groups). Methods of preparation of dairy industry wastes and food wastes for young pigs feeding and optimum ratios of these fodder and norm of their feeding were determined in the course of researches.The high efficiency of such feed being used for growing pig-wieners in comparison with indicators of their growing on special feeds was established. Economic effect of raising of one head of young pigson feed and dairy wastes to 4 - month age constitutes 66,5 rubles.
KEY WORDS
Pig-wiener; Feeding; Digestion; Growth intensity.
Pig-breeding is one of the most effective branches of animal husbandry. Due to that pigs possess a number of biological features, such as prolificacy, short period of pregnancy, prematurity, high growth intensity and high payment of forage with production. All these facts make pig-breeding branch highly effective.
As science and practice demonstrate, biological features of pigs are shownmaximally only at optimal conditions of feeding and management from birth to adult state [1,5]. Animal feeding is the most important factor of theirfunctional and morphologicalgrowth. It follows that the organization of scientifically reasonable feeding of young pigs determines also future efficiency of pig-breeding branch [6].
However, as researches demonstrate, pigs of the first 15-20 days of age digest and use nutrients of feed of an animal originquite well, especially, milk, but vegetable feed worse
[4]. It is established in experiences that in 15-20 days of age piglets digest protein of milk -90-95%, and protein of plant feed -15-30% [7]. From carbohydrates pigletsof this age digest lactose well, saccharose and starchworse, cellulose isn't practically digested because of corresponding enzymes absence in digestive tract.
On the third decade ofpiglets life milk solids aredigested almost completely. So, protein of milk is digested 95-99% at this age, and protein of plant feed only 70-75%. On digestibility indicators of plant feed nutrients piglets come nearer to adult pigs only at 3,5-4 months age
[5].
The early young pigsweaning from a sow with the purpose of getting two or more farrows, leads to slowing of young pigs growth intensity to 3,5-4 month age, that influences on safety and implementation of animals genetic potential, and consequently, as a whole, on meat productivity of pig-breeding branch.
Using ofplant feed in case of early weaning of pigs from a sow is the reason of not only low pigs growth intensity, but also their deathreaching 12-18%. The main reason oflowpigs growth intensity - wiener and their death after weaning is that they are born physiologically and morphologically less developed, than young growth of other agricultural animals. Pig-wieners are very sensitive to quality and nutrition of consumed feed.Therefore in transitional period from milk of mother to plant feed there shan't be a notable difference in nutritious content (a protein, fat, carbohydrates) and biologically active agents (vitamins, mineral substances) in this feed.
There are two ways in the solution of this problem. The first - compound feed for pig-wieners must be highly nourishing due to inclusion ofnecessary quantity of animal origin feed in it.The second - science and practice including our researches, demonstrate that more effective is transferring of pig-wieners to such products as wastes of dairy industry (skim milk, buttermilk, serum, etc.), and also food wastes of canteens, restaurants (porridges, bread, etc.) and wastes of starched production (corn alburnum) after preliminary preparation them for feeding according to modern requirements of the veterinary legislation [6,7,8,9,10]. In each area, in cities, in the district centers their notable quantities are accumulatedand they are utilized due to lack of demand.
METHODS AND RESEARCH MATERIALS
For the solution of these questions we also made attempt to compare features of feed consumption, digestion and metabolism at pigs after weaning in case of their traditional feeding (1 group) and when feeding with wastes of dairy industry, starched production and food (table) wastes in their various combination (2 and 3 groups). Pigs of the 1 group consumed SK-3 compound feed, the 2 groups - dairy and food (table) wastes, the 3 groups -dairy, food (table) wastes and corn laburnum.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The highest rates of consumption of feed dry matter, organic substances, includingprotein, fat and fiber had animals of the 2 and the 3 experimental groups. Digestibility coefficients of nutrients of a diet (table 1) at pigs of the2 and the 3 experimental groups were also authentically higher in comparison with similar indicators at pigs of the 1 experimental groupwho were on traditional conditions of feeding (consuming SK-3 compound feed).
Table 1 - Digestibility coefficients of nutritional substances of month age young pig diet
Group Digestibility coefficients,%
Dry matter Organic substances Protein Fat Fiber Without nitrogenous extractive substances
1 68,9±0,4 70,46±0,45 70,89±0,39 53,56±0,73 17,02±1,55 75,44±0,45
2 75,97±0,39*** 78,06±0,39*** 76,43±0,45*** 82,00±0,43*** 49,38±1,53*** 82,17±0,35***
3 73,82±0,37** 76,52±0,32*** 76,89±0,31*** 80,47±0,26*** 46,62±0,77*** 80,80±0,27***
**- Р< 0,01; *** - Р< 0,001.
The difference is reliable in comparison with indicators at animals of the 1stexperimental group.
From data of table 1 it is visible that pigs of the 1st experimental group had the highest rates of digestibility of the main nutrients of a diet. The difference in digestibility figure of diet nutrients between the 2nd and the 1st experimental groups were reliable at P<0,001. Similar picture was observed during other age periods.
Considering that the main indicator of good nutrition of young growth of pigs after weaning is their live body weight during the certain age periods, we observed its change indicators atstudying efficiency of various methods and feeding types.
Table 2 - Dynamics of live mass of young growth pigs of the experimental groups, kg (M±m, n=3)
Age Group
1 (experimental) 2 3 4
At birth 1,18±0,04 1,17±0,03 1,19±0,05 1,17±0,03
4 month 48,80±1,25 55,60±1,12** 51,80±1,14* 52,20±1,13*
Gain 47,62 54,43 50,61 51,03
*- Р< 0,05; **- Р< 0, 01.
The difference is reliable in comparison with indicators at animals of the 1stexperimental group.
CONCLUSIONS
1. After young pigs weaning from a sow and attransition to plant feed the growth intensity of animals and their safety sharply decreases.
2. Adding of food wastes and milk industry wastes to a diet of young pigs, indicators of palatability, digestibility of feed and using of nutrients, and the growth intensity of animals authentically increases.
3. The average daily surplus of live weights of young pigs growing up at traditional technologies, from birth to 4-month age constitutes 396,8 g, and growing-up on food and dairy wastes - 453,6 g, and live weight to 4 - month age constitutes 48,8 and 55,6 kg.
4. Economic effect of raising of one head of young pigson feed and dairy wastes to 4 -month age constitutes 66,5 rubles.
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