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2System Analysis of Devices for Final Distillation of Vegetable
Oil MISC
Fakhriddin Yu. Khabibov, Researcher, Bukhara Engineering Technological Institute, Uzbekistan.
Abstract— The object under study is taken as the primary large technological system. It has a cumulative process. By studying the system and the process being studied in it, input and output parameters are determined for both the system and the process being studied. Determining the relationship between output and input parameters allows you to perform a more accurate analysis and make a better decision.
Keywords— Process, Technology, Miscella, Analysis, System, Level, Distillation, Final Distillation, Element, Construction.
I. Introduction
Today, the world is experiencing a high growth in the production of vegetable oil, which is one of the leading in the food production industry. Final distillation in the extraction system at vegetable oil plants is one of the most complex and energy-intensive processes. Therefore, the introduction of intensive methods necessary for the production of vegetable oils, the creation of modern equipment and technology is of scientific and practical importance.
II. The Purpose of the Study
The study of devices for final distillation of vegetable oil misella, currently in operation in the Republic, was performed on the basis of a system analysis [1 ; Pp. 52-53, 2; - P.699-711.]. The study of devices for final distillation of misella, processing of oil-containing materials of vegetable origin, at six levels of the hierarchy allowed us to analyze the structural elements of the devices (Fig. 1).
III. Methods and Materials
The first level of the system is the apparatus for final distillation of vegetable oil misc, which is the object of research. In the second level, brands of final distillation devices for processing oil-containing materials were placed. Five types of final distiller are analyzed. These types of apparatuses are: the final disc distiller, the final vacuum distiller, the upgraded column distiller, the final De-Smith design distiller, and the Hilderbrand column type distiller.
At the third level, we considered the main structural elements and their functions in the devices. At the fourth level, we analyzed the structural varieties of devices and their technical characteristics of the main elements.
For example, in the heat and mass transfer zone of the final disk distiller, the process proceeds as follows: the phases are introduced into the working zone of the apparatus opposite to each other, each working zone of the apparatus is equipped with steam jackets. The steam jacket is supplied with dead steam to maintain the temperature.
Fig. 1: System Analysis of Final Distillation Devices
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I-devices for final distillation of vegetable oil miscellas that are the object of research; II - brands of final distillation devices operated in factories; III -main structural elements and functions performed in the devices; IV - technical characteristics of the main elements; V - analysis of hydrodynamics of phase flows; VI - design flaws of elements
IV. The Results and Discussion
Each working area of the device has six pairs of oval (one pair consists of a concave and convex plate) plates, oppositely mounted to each other. In the center of the concave plate there is a hole for the flow of the misc to the next convex plate. In the upper part of the convex plate, there are toothed nozzles for even distribution of the misc on the plate.
The Final de-Smith misella distiller has a total working volume of 8.7 m3, and the main design element of this unit is the steam supply pipe and the misella supply pipe.
Further study of the object made it possible to reveal the main factors affecting the organization of the heat and mass transfer process in the final distillation apparatus of misc.
Therefore, at the fifth level of the hierarchy, the hydrodynamics of phase flows, the General contact surface of phases, the useful contact surface of phases, and the presence of stagnant zones in the apparatus were analyzed [3; - P.19-22., 6; -P.342-353, 7;- 96-98 б., 9; С.13-22.].
According to the methods of the system approach, its analysis begins from the lower level of the hierarchy, in this case from the sixth.
In the sixth level of the hierarchy, we found out the main structural disadvantages of the elements, and also determined which structural elements need to be upgraded or reconstructed in order to intensify the heat and mass transfer processes occurring in the apparatus.
The developed scheme of the system analysis apparatus final miscella distillation in vegetable oil, on the relationship between levels of hierarchy in the form of lines, after which the second level is indicated by the letters (a, b, etc), you can define which element of the vehicle design needs to be upgraded, providing an intensification of heat and mass transfer process [4; -64 p, 11; С.41-44].
The above-mentioned technological factors are the main components of the contact surface of heat and mass transfer between them and ensuring the intensification of the process.
Final distiller brand De Smith has a contact surface 28, 3m2 the residence time in the apparatus least 4-5 minutes, prolonged exposure to oil under high temperature negatively affects the quality of the finished product and requires additional costs in refining.
V. Result
A systematic analysis of the devices currently used in plants for the production of vegetable oils shows that in order to carry out the process with the lowest energy consumption in devices without stagnant zones, it is necessary to develop such structures that have an improved hydrodynamic structure of phase flows, as well as the shortest product residence time in the device [5; - c 160].
References
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