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1SYNONYMOUS RANGE AND EUPHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION Sirojiddin Turdimurodov
Doctor of Philology, TerSU https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12730376
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Received: 05th July 2024 Accepted: 11th July 2024 Online: 12th July 2024
This article discusses the opinions expressed about synonyms in the Uzbek language. In the main analysis, the use of graduonymic relations in speech is discussed among euphemistic synonymous lexemes.
KEYWORDS
Synonymous
series,
euphemism, euphemistic graduonymy, lexemes with euphemistic meaning.
It is known that sufficient scientific research works on synonymy have been carried out both in world linguistics and in Uzbek linguistics. In Uzbek linguistics, the phenomenon of synonymy has been deeply studied on the example of lexical, morphological, syntactic level units [1]. In these works, issues such as the essence of the phenomenon of synonymy, its formation factors, functional-stylistic features, its application at different levels, and its relationship with other related phenomena are analyzed.
Despite the large number of works devoted to the study of synonyms, the variety of definitions given to this phenomenon is noticeable in them. If we pay attention to the definitions given to synonyms in Uzbek linguistics, their definition is based first on the semantic similarity of the lexemes [2], then on the commonality of their meanings [3], and then on the semantic similarity (exactly) It is observed that it is based on [4]. We can see that in most of the initial definitions, ideas were led for a long time based on the exact sameness of the meanings expressed by synonymous lexemes.
In the subsequent studies devoted to the study of the phenomenon of synonymy, the definition of "same meaning" was abandoned, and attention was paid to aspects such as the semantic differences observed in synonymy, the sign of stylistic specificity, and the expression of connotation. Therefore, the emergence of synonymy is a leading concept in the linguistic features of euphemisms.
One of the lexical-semantic groups of lexemes in Uzbek linguistics, graduanim (gradation) was not monographically studied until the last decades of the last century, most of them were studied within the scope of synonymy.
Graduonymy (Gr. gradatio - "rise", "growth", onymo - "name") is the formation of a certain gradation series according to the mutual semantic relationship of lexical units. , was first promoted in Uzbek linguistics in the works of H. Nematov, S. Giyosov, R. Safarova. Monographic
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research of this phenomenon in linguistics is related to candidate and doctoral studies of Sh. Orifjonova and O. Bozorov. In these studies, the place of graduonym as an independent lexical paradigm, its specific features [5], as well as the place of graduonym in the construction of the Uzbek language, the criteria and signs of gradual classification were determined [6]. After this process, we can also note that the terms graduonymy, graduonymic relation, gradation are used exactly as synonyms [7].
Synonymous relationship is the naming, naming and describing feature of the language, while graduonymic relationship represents the process of transition from quantitative changes in reality to qualitative changes, and in the euphemistic gradation series, as above, in the mild expression of reality, the growth and development of high culture in the meaning of lexemes we can observe that it is getting narrower.
In B. Mengliyev's textbook "Current Uzbek language" intended for students of higher philological education, synonyms and the relationship between them are described as "The forms are different, but the lexemes that express the same concept with different colors and shades are synonyms. The relationship between synonymous lexemes is called synonymy or synonymous relationship. The scientific paradigm of semantics is always open, some of them go out of use based on the demand of the society and the times, and the synonymous series are enriched with new ones. It emphasizes that the combination, the expansion of speech morpheme, these are considered as contextual synonyms as a tool that provides the beauty and richness of speech, synonymy is a linguistic phenomenon, and the synonymous series is not considered a lexical paradigm [8]. Also, B. Doniyorov, who conducted a research on synonyms, based on the results of his research, "Uzbek lexical synonyms are suitable for the main denotative meaning, but the characteristics and application (functional possibilities) of the connotative meaning components are measured." It is appropriate to describe them as synonyms that differ by their specificity [9]. Euphemistic synonyms also have graduonymic (leveling) relationships, as differentiation occurs in synonymous lines. We will analyze this below on the example of the KASAL (ILL) lexeme. We will try to analyze some differences in the grading of euphemisms: the factors of increasing the meaning, increasing the sign.
In the "Annotated dictionary of synonyms of the Uzbek language" synonyms of the lexeme KASAL are given as BETOB, NOTOB, BEMOR, NOSOG', XASTA, OG'RIQ. The normal functioning of the body is disturbed, it is the opposite of health. Kasal has a broad understanding. It is used only for a Betob, notob, bemor, xasta person. The words Betob, notob mean "temporarily ill". Notob is rarely used. A positive attitude is expressed in the word Bemor [3]. In a certain sense, there is a graduonymic relation of lexemes in this synonymous line, but the dictionary does not express any opinion about this.
The "short euphemistic dictionary of the Uzbek language" contains the following series of euphemistic lexemes. In this dictionary, lexemes are listed in alphabetical order. We tried to place it in a certain synonymous line based on the euphemistic graduonymic relationship. That is, shamollamoq ^ tobi yo'q ^ tobi qochmoq ^ dardli ^ betob ^ bemor ^ xasta etc. [10]. Here, all these and other lexical tools given as synonyms of this kasal lexeme are lexemes with euphemistic meaning used in its place. Although this dictionary is not given on the basis of graduonymic relationship between synonyms. We must understand this correctly, since the
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