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Kubarev V. V.
doctor of history, professor Orthodox Russian Academy
SYNCHRONIZATION OF HISTORICAL AND RELIGIOUS CHRONICLES
Summary. The author correctly synchronizes historical and religious Chronicles of the Ancient World based on a short chronology and linking events to unique celestial phenomena reflected in the annals and Scriptures. The author believes that discrepancies in dates, geographical localities and ethnic origin of historical and religious figures are due to erroneous traditional chronology and historical geography, as well as the deliberate adaptation of phenomena and events to an established paradigm. In addition, differences in religious traditions and the facts of real history are caused by the ignorance and fanaticism of adherents of certain religions.
Keywords: Bible, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome, short chronology, chronicle synchronization, Solar Eclipses, Zodiacs.
Statement of problem: Modern science to the XXI century has accumulated a huge stock of documentary and archaeological data that contradict the generally accepted stereotypes of history, religion and chronology. We believe that historical clichés were created to support the fantasies of adherents of small religious doctrines. Science cannot be a bargaining chip in the hands of falsifiers and fanatics. Ignoring astronomical phenomena from Ancient Chronicles, duplicating the same events in different eras, and manipulating artifacts can no longer be acceptable from the moral and scientific point of view.
The analysis of the last of research and publications: Increasingly there are publications that refute the localization and Dating of the events of the Old Testament in modern Israel. In addition, Israeli archaeologists still can't find artifacts older than I century. The Dating of Egyptian artifacts, the construction of pyramids and temples are questioned. Genetic studies of mummies show that the Pharaohs belong to the Germanic ethnic group Haplogroup R1b1, which baffles historians. At the same time, there are tons of articles that verbally support well-worn truths in favor of traditionalists.
Allocation unresolved before parts of the general problem: There is no exact identification of the Biblical Patriarchs with real historical figures known from the Chronicles of various States and written in different languages. There are no artifacts or structures with the names of Biblical and identical historical figures erected in honor of their deeds. There is no exact correlation between the celestial phenomena described in the Bible and the Chronicles of Ancient Egypt and real astronomical phenomena. The evidence base for existence of religious characters is reduced to following the canons of faith, not supported by scientific facts.
The purpose of clause: The purpose of this research is to substantiate the author's concept of a short chronology and synchronize Biblical events and characters with historical facts and figures from the Chronicles of Ancient Egypt, Ancient and New Rome, as well as additional connecting of the line of events through astronomical phenomena in the form of Solar Eclipses and Zodiacs at certain points in the history of the ancient world.
The basic material: In our research we adhere to the paradigm of the appearance of human civilization in the Volga region about 5500 years ago. This hypothesis was first put forward by Marija Gimbutas in 1956 [1-4]. In our research in 2009 we confirmed this theory by linking it to the canvas of historical events of the past [5], and also clarified the chronology and localization of Ancient Egypt and Rome [6, 7]. The author justified a short chronology of biblical events and monotheistic religions [8]. In addition, our conclusions are confirmed with an accuracy of several years by a cascade of astronomical phenomena in ancient Chronicles and writings [9].
The author follows the Mono centric paradigm of the emergence of modern man. Earth's civilization was formed from a single center in the Volga region, and not in many regions independently of each other. The traditional view of the appearance of man in Africa is not true, because there was born a hominid APE. About 5500 years ago, God Father formed a harem of seven female hominids that gave birth to the first 12 children - 10 boys and 2 girls. From them came the modern population of Homo sapiens sapiens through genetic mixing with existing tribes of hominids.
The history of development, expansion and dominance of Homo sapiens sapiens is connected with a single wave-like process that goes from the expanses of the Volga region, the Urals, the Caucasus and the
Caspian region to the South, West and, to a lesser extent, to the East. The migration of the population was accompanied by the formation of religious paradigms and the following of religious leaders is the Patriarchs of mankind. These wise centenarians led peoples to new achievements, encouraged them to explore unknown areas, promoted the development of crafts and arts, science and technology, called for the planet to be cleansed of wild hominid tribes, etc. For these reasons, the history of mankind and the history of religions are closely intertwined with each other and are directed along the paths of human settlement on the planet, with the main vector of movement going from East to West.
The details of the existence of the first version of human civilization in the antediluvian time of Atlantis are shrouded in obscurity. We believe that Atlantis existed on the territory of the Central Russian highlands and the Caspian region. The country lay on the mainland between the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea, and was bounded by the Arctic and Scythian Oceans in the expanses of the modern West Siberian plain. Europe and Asia were in the southern hemisphere of the Earth, Albion and Scandinavia were covered with ice, and the Sun was rising in the West.
As part of the author's reconstruction, the Flood corresponds to the era of the Late Bronze Age collapse in 1250-1200 BC [10]. The year of Adam's birth, taking into account the date of the Flood and Septuagint information can be determined by simple calculations as 3506 BC. The beginning of Flood according to Septuagint is 2264 years from the creation of the world and falls on 1244 BC, which is a priori true.
The Mono centric paradigm of the origin of people in the Volga region about 5520 years ago is fully confirmed by the PIE theory [1-4], the domestication of horses and other animals in the Caspian region around 4800 BC, the spread of carts and wheels from the Southern Urals to Eurasia from the III Millennium BC, as well as the constant migration of the population from the Volga region, the Urals and the Caucasus. In addition, the expansion of tribes from this region is confirmed by genetic studies of human DNA.
After the Flood or the Late Bronze Age collapse, which was caused by the catastrophic reversal of the planet around the plane of the Ecliptic with the change of geographical and magnetic poles, most of Atlantis was washed into the Ocean by a giant tsunami. However, the pyramids and foundations of Atlantes cities, such as Arkaim, have been preserved in the Urals and the Volga region. Tsunami waves moved over the Earth's surface for many years, destroying the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean, Egypt and Mesopotamia. Direct descendants of God the Father with their families were preserved in the Ark of Noah, which ended its journey through the Flood waves on Ararat Mount. In Greek mythology, they were called Titans, who formed the Olympian Pantheon of gods.
According to the author's reconstruction of history [5, 8, 11], all the patriarchs of monotheistic religions are Ugrians, Haplogroup N1. Accordingly, the Olympic gods are the people of the Ugrians. They were
based not on the Greek Olympus, but on Mount Uludag or the Olympus in Bithynia [11]. In the Egyptian Pantheon of gods, the Ugric was Horus, whose totem was the Falcon. Perhaps, in honor of the name of the god Horus, the Ugric people were called. The Falcon became a totem for the gens of Heraclides-Fabia -Flavia-Russ-Rurikovich [5, 11].
We have shown earlier [7] that the beliefs of the ancient Etruscans, Bulgarians, Romans, Greeks, and Mesopotamians included the worship of gods originating in the Volga region. This refers to the main god Tengri or Tini, the goddesses Ashna - Ana - Uni, Mati Turan - Mother Turan, and other deities, including Romulus -Kuri - Quirin(us). Over time, the names of the gods were distorted in accordance with the dialects of the local inhabitants. In the future, when synchronizing historical Chronicles and information from the Scriptures, we will use the results of the work of Elias Bickerman [12]. At the same time, we will take into account that the dates and names of the rulers of Egypt and Mesopotamia before the Late Bronze Age Collapse - the Flood of the XIII century BC are legendary and cannot be independently confirmed.
The main geopolitical event in the post-cataclysm era was the Trojan War, caused by the confrontation between the surviving colonists and the Balkan City-States with the Atlantes Outpost in the Dardanelles -Troy. At that time, there was an acute problem of the shortage of women for procreation, which aggravated the collapse of States and economies in huge regions.
The Trojan War ended according to astronomical data [9] in 1188 BC and according to Eratosthenes and Ctesias - in 1184 BC. According to the author's reconstruction of history [5-9], the Trojan King Aeneas, an ethnic German from the Don River (Tanais) Haplogroup R1b1, brought out the remnants of troops and residents on ships from the fallen city. First, the ships of Aeneas went to Africa in the Nile Delta, where they easily conquered the weak Egyptian civilization led by the Pharaoh Narmer. In ancient times, the country had a different name, which changed to the word Egypt only in the X century BC during the reign of Pharaoh Uneg, aka King Atys Silvius or Egypt [6]. After the occupation of the country on the Nile, Aeneas and his companions went to their ancestral homeland -Atlantis in the Caspian region. After the Flood, the configuration of the Seas and Oceans changed significantly, so in the interfluve of the Volga and Don, you could get two ways - through the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea or by Seas or straits from the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean to the Caspian Sea.
Upon arrival in the Caspian region, Aeneas sent the water of the Volga, which was called Ra or Itil, to old Channel, which took half the flow of the main river. The old channel was named Akhtuba. The same name was assigned to the man-made island between the Volga and Akhtuba. The Egyptians called Ahtuba -Life of two lands or Ankh Tawy. Currently, the Volga-Akhtuba river system is the largest and oldest hydraulic structure in the world. The length of the island is about 450 km, and the land area is more than 10 thousand square km. African Egypt has never had such a system.
As a result of the Trojan conquests, a gigantic state was formed, located in three parts of the world - in Africa Upper Egypt, and in Europe and Asia - Lower Egypt on the island of Akhtuba. Lower Egypt on the Volga-Ra lasted until 509 BC, when the Kings and Pharaohs were expelled from Rome and Memphis. Since then, the toponymy of Lower Egypt has settled in the Nile Delta [6, 7].
It is not surprising that crocodiles were found in Akhtuba until the XX century and African lotuses still grow!
Note that the traditional localization and Dating of the existence of the Hittite Kingdom and Mitanni [12] is a forgery to prove the antiquity of the Jewish people. In fact, these countries were located far to the North of African Egypt - in the Caspian region and Volga region and operated in the I Millennium AD. The self-name of States were different they referred to themselves as parts of the Great Bulgaria/ Idel. Later we will show that the King Artatama I is identified by the author with Khagan Arbat - the leader of the Huns or Israelites in the IV century.
Let's start synchronizing the Chronicles of Ancient Egypt with real history by linking astronomical phenomena described in artifacts [9]. We are talking about the Solar Eclipse in Ithaca (1178 BC) and the date of the end of the Trojan War in 1188 BC. This point corresponds to the beginning of the Chronicles of Ancient Egypt from the reign of Pharaoh Menes (12191172 BC). We understand that 1219 BC refers to the beginning of the reign of Menes/Aeneas over the Trojans. In Egypt the King will get only in 1188-1184 BC the First Pharaoh of the New dynasty is Teti I/Atotis I, who died in 1171 BC. According to the List of Kings of Abydos, the last number of the list is the cartouche number 76 of Pharaoh Seti I. Ramesses II and Merneptah ruled after him. We found a chronological shift in the history of Ancient Egypt by 1780 years [6]. Therefore, the reign of Seti I in 500 end, but not in 1279 BC, and the reigns of Ramesses II and Merneptah fall on 500-566 and 566-586, respectively. The dates of the reign of Ramesses II and Merneptah are precisely confirmed by the Zodiacs of Dendera [6, 9], according to which the construction of the first and second stages of the Temple of Hathor fall on 540 and 568. The period of the reign of the Pharaohs from Menes to Seti I is 1720 years, taking into account the reign of Ramesses II and Merneptah, the period of time increases to 1788 years. The next reference point for synchronizing the Chronicles of the Egyptian Pharaohs is the date of the Solar Eclipse of Takelot I. According to our calculations [9] the Solar Eclipse occurred in the 15 th year of the reign on August 8, 891. Traditionalists believe that Takelot I ruled in 905-867 BC, but there were no suitable Solar Eclipses in Egypt at this time. According to the author's reconstruction, after the IX century in Egypt there were no independent Pharaohs, except for the rulers of small Nomes. Egypt under the Fatimid's became part of the Muslim world.
Thus, our synchronization of the dates of the reign of the Pharaohs from Menes to Takelot I occupies horizon of 2133 years from 1219 BC to 913. The error
in synchronizing events does not exceed one or two years and is confirmed by astronomical phenomena. Further, we will show that synchronization will also be justified by numerous real historical facts recorded in the Chronicles of different States. Accordingly, all evidence of the existence of ancient Judah and Israel before our era is the product of the fantasies of religious fanatics. In addition, the name of the country Egypt did not exist before X century BC. Therefore, the binding of ancient Chronicles [12] to events common with Egypt and the Pharaohs before the Late Bronze Age collapse or the Flood of 1250-1200 BC is fictional.
Around 1172 BC in the Volga/Ra and Don/Tanais river basin, more precisely on the island of Akhtuba, the Trojans built the fortress the White Walls, or Alba Longa, or Inebu Hedj. The Kings of the fortress often became the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. The Kings of Alba Longa were not always recognized as Pharaohs, and vice versa [6, 7]. For this reason, the chronology, history, and times of the reigns of the monarchs of Ancient Egypt and Alba Longa of the Early and Ancient Kingdom are identical. The era of the construction of the giant pyramids in Giza corresponds to the VIII-VII centuries BC - to the reign of Pharaoh Cheops, aka Procas Silvius, and Pharaoh Chephren, aka Amulius Silvius.
In the middle of the VII century BC there was a revolutionary change of the ruling elite of Egypt and Alba Longa. Pharaohs and Kings is ethnic Germans succumbed power to the Ugrians is children of mixed marriages of Olympic gods and people. From Ares and a virgin priestess, according to Roman mythology, the vestal Rhea (two children), and in Egyptian mythology, the sister of the priest Raddjedet (three children), twins were born [6, 7]. In the Bulgarian Chronicles, we are talking about one infant. Note that information about a similar myth is contained in three independent sources
- Egypt, Rome, and Volga Bulgaria. The author established the fact of intertwining the history of these States since the Flood.
In 753 BC Romulus made the first furrow around the Palatine Hill, founding the city of Rome. Taking into account the chronological shift of 1780 years, Memphis was founded in the same year. In fact, we are talking about a city on two banks of the river Akhtuba
- Rome on the mainland and Memphis on the island part. The Chronicles of the Bulgars called Rome/Memphis is Ulak Urum (Rum) or Itil. Both cities were connected by bridges, where active trade was conducted. In 64 after a disastrous Fire in Ancient Rome, Nero moved the capital to the Etruscan city Veii on the banks of the river Cremera, called later the Tiber [7].
Romulus became the first King of Rome. In Egypt he was called Pharaoh Userkaf, and his brothers were considered Sahura and Kakai. Only in the Roman Chronicles brother Remus died, but in Egyptian history all the brothers were Pharaohs, and the sources of Bulgar keep silent about the brothers of Genghis (Son of the Wolf). Direct descendants of Romulus were ethnic Ugrians, Haplogroup N1. Therefore, since the VIII century BC in the elites of Rome and Egypt, there
were contradictions and a struggle for Supreme power between two ethnic groups - the Ugric and Germanic.
In traditional Egyptian history, the ethnic change of elites corresponds to the V and VI dynasties of the Ancient Kingdom. In the future, only part of the Kings of Rome was recognized as Pharaohs of Egypt and vice versa, so the number of Kings and Pharaohs do not correspond to each other. However, in 509 BC the elite of Rome expelled their last King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, and the Republican period began. At the same time, the Romans drove out the Pharaohs and the Egyptian elite, who settled in Upper Egypt on the Nile, where the toponymy of Lower Egypt on the Volga/Ra eventually moved. In Egypt the Lucius Tarquinius was called Pharaoh Meryre or Pepi I. In African sources, it is said that the Pharaoh lost influence among the nobles and made several unsuccessful military expeditions. We are talking about falling into vassalage from Ancient Persia and unsuccessful attempts of Lucius/Meryre regain power over Lower Egypt and Ancient Rome in the Volga region. As a result, the VI Ugric dynasty of the Ancient Kingdom lost world domination, which passed to Ancient Persia, led by the Achaemenid dynasty. The Persian Kings Achaemenes were Germanic origin from the Volga region and may have been descendants of the first Pharaohs Menes of Egypt [7].
Then in the history of Ancient Egypt, the First Transition period began from the VII to XI dynasties, with the period of the XI-XII dynasties belonging to the Middle Kingdom. When synchronizing the Chronicles, it turns out that the First Transition period corresponds to the rule of the Egyptian satraps of Ancient Persia, about whom almost nothing is known.
The Middle Kingdom absolutely falls on the era of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt [6, 7]. The last ruler of the Middle Kingdom was the woman Pharaoh Neferusobek, also known as Cleopatra Selene [6, 7].
The Middle Kingdom was replaced by the era of the Hyksos - "Shepherd kings" or "Rulers of foreign lands". We have shown that this period of the Hyksos certainly corresponds to the Roman occupation of Egypt [6, 7]. The entry of Egypt into the Roman Empire was accompanied by the appearance of a new state entity in the desert area of Palestine is the province Iudaea. The governors of the province were representatives of the Roman nobility - Herodian dynasty, is descendants of Antipater - the Roman Procurator. The province was named after its ruler Herod. A few centuries later, the Jews in their books changed the Roman name Iudaea to Judea, playing with the letters by replacing the original with a name convenient for their imaginations. In doing so, they created a verbal bridge between the name of the Rome province in 6 AD and the fictional Kingdom of Judah and the Great Israel in Palestine in BC.
Chief archaeologist of Israel Ze'ev Herzog in recent years has repeatedly stated that Israel was dug up length and breadth, but no one has managed to find artifacts older than I century, which fully confirms the fact of the development of the desert area of Palestine
only since the creation of the Roman province Iudaea in 6 AD.
The next chronological period of Ancient Egypt is called the New Kingdom. According to our reconstruction [6, 7], the New Kingdom was founded by the Roman Emperors of Egyptian origin the Gordians, who were descended from the Roman noble family gens Gracchi ethnic Germans. The details of the biographies and periods of the reign of the Pharaohs and Gordians correspond exactly to each other. Representatives of the XVIII dynasty revived the unprecedented power of Egypt. The woman Pharaoh Hatshepsut carried out an expedition to Punt/Pont, that is visited the interfluve of the Don and Volga visited its ancestral home - the Akhtuba Island and Ancient Rome/Itil at the beginning of the IV century. Then the Pharaoh Thutmose III, called the Napoleon of antiquity, conquered Mesopotamia and the country Mitanni that is the Caspian region and Volga region, in a series of military campaigns. Ancient Rome/Itil fell under the blows of Egyptian chariots in 324 AD.
The Pharaohs of the nineteenth dynasty lost control of the conquests of Thutmose III and lost the lands of Itil. The Abydos list ends with the Pharaoh Seti I, who died in 500. The reign of Ramesses II and Merneptah was accompanied by an unprecedented successful of Egypt and the construction of new temples and tombs. The Zodiacs of Dendera date the years of construction of the first and second stages of the Hathor Temple to 540 and 568, and the Merneptah Stele with the mention of the people of Israel is dated by the author to the end of the VI century [6-9].
In the first half of the seventh century Ramses III sent an expedition to Punt/Pont, which reached the Ural copies and brought a huge amount of copper. Then the XX dynasty lost control of Egypt. The power of the Pharaohs was preserved only in small Nomes. During the reign of the XXII dynasty, the Title Pharaoh of Lower and Upper Egypt was worn as a tribute to tradition, but not as regalia of the real ruler. Since the eighth century, Egypt has been dominated by the Umayyad's, Abbasid's, and Fatimid's. Under the Fatimid's Egypt finally became a Muslim territory in which the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians could not be legal. Therefore soon after the reign of the minor Governor of the Pharaoh Takelot III of the XXIII dynasty, all the other dynasties from XXIV to XXXI of Ancient Egypt of the Later period are figments of the imagination of Egyptologists.
Traditional history describes in detail the chronology of the Hittite Kingdom and Mitanni [12], referring to their existence before 1200 BC. We believe that information about these States is part of the forgery of ancient history in favor of the fantasies of religious fanatics. We have already said that the names Hittites and Mitanni refer to the inhabitants of great Bulgaria from the Caucasus, Caspian and Volga regions. The rulers of Mitanni are actually Khagans of the Bulgarians, Huns, and other nomads. The identification of the names of the Khagans and the Mitanni Kings is not within the scope of this work. In Egypt the state Mitanni was called Naharin country. According to the
author's reconstruction [8], Patriarch Nahor is identified with one of the gens Fabians who lived in the Volga region in Ancient Rome/Itil in BC era.
The chronology of Ancient Rome does not require special synchronization with the author's reconstruction, since it is basic, but it is necessary to clarify the geographical location of Alba Longa and Ancient Rome in different historical epochs. Alba Longa and Ancient Rome were originally located in the Volga region, on the river Akhtuba/White. Local residents self-name is Altin-bash, Altynany (Golden, Latin). Rome's expansion was initially directed to the Caucasus and the Volga region, then the Mediterranean and Mesopotamia. Then start the capture of Egypt, the Apennines, the Balkans, and Europe [6, 7]. In 64 there was a Great Fire in Rome, in which most of the wooden city burned down. After this, the Emperor Nero moved the capital to the Apennines on the site of the Etruscan Veii. The idea was supported by the Emperor Titus Vespasian Flavius, who built the Coliseum or Flavian Amphitheatre. Over time the toponyms of Ancient Rome in the Volga region were transferred to Italy and the city on the Volga became known as Itil (derived from name Pharaoh Iti). However, Rome in Italy could not become a densely populated metropolis, when in the middle of the V century it was destroyed by Barbarians and was in a deplorable state until the XIII century.
Let us explain the essence of the supposedly amazing demands of the Barbarians who regularly attacked Italian Rome and Constantinople. In 395 the Visigoths led by Alaric besieged Constantinople, but they had to retreat. In fact, the Visigoths were not enemies of the Roman dominions, but were confederates and part of the Roman army. In our works [5, 8] we have shown that all the so-called Barbarian Ostrogoths, Visigoths and Huns were part of the Roman/Israeli peoples living in the Caucasus, the Don and Volga region and the Caspian region. In honor of Constantine the Great, aka Kubar, Ya'qub, Jacob, Israel, they called themselves Kubanites and Bulgarians. After 64 some of the elite of Ancient Rome moved to Rome/Veii, but most of the population remained in the Volga region.
After the capture of Rome/Itil Egyptians led by Thutmose III, formed a wave of migration of Romans-Israelites-Kubanites from East to West. The Migration period of peoples was not initially hostile to the Roman colonists who had settled earlier in the West.
The first Huns invasion led by the Khagan Arbat just consisted of such refugees, numbering more than 600 thousand people. Some of the migrants were military units of vandals and Visigoths, often acting independently, but were federates of the Roman army.
Arbat, who became Emperor Theodosius the Great of the Eastern Roman Empire, settled in Constantinople. Some of the refugees stayed with him in New Rome, but many tribes and peoples settled in the Balkans and Europe. Alaric's Visigoths were not accepted in Constantinople, as ethnic Germanic Latin moved further into Western Europe and Rome in the Apennines.
Alaric's army besieged Rome several times. His ally was the vandal Stilicho, who was at that time the de facto Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Stilicho was executed in 408. Alaric converted to Christianity. All this confusion of facts defies the logic of traditional historians. In fact, Alaric and Stilicho were part of the Exodus, which was led by the Khagan Arbat, aka the Leader Moses and Emperor Theodosius the Great. Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals, and Huns were Exodus refugees and Roman citizens from the Volga region, the Caucasus, and the Caspian region. They sought equal rights with citizens of the Western Roman Empire.
In 408 Alaric besieged Rome for the first time and demanded financial compensation from the local inhabitants. He "freed" all the Roman slaves in the number of 40 thousand people. If there were 1 million people living in Rome at that time, why were there so few slaves? In fact, in Rome on the Apennines lived no more than 100 thousand people along with slaves. A million people lived in Ancient Rome/Itil on Akhtuba, from them in 370th of the 600 thousand people migrated to the West. Finally in 410 Alaric captured Rome, but he did not rob Churches, Cathedrals or Monasteries, which is not surprising, since he was a devout Israelite and Christian.
In 455 as a result of political intrigues in Rome, the Empress Licinia Eudoxia called on the Vandals led by Geiseric to depose her husband Flavius Petronius Maximus. As a result of the plot, Maximus was killed by the Romans, and in June 455 the Vandals captured and sacked the city. However, there were no reports of civilian killings. The Vandals took to Carthage numerous riches and the family of Eudoxia. After that, Rome in the Apennines lost its power and was in decline. We believe that both episodes of the capture of Rome by the Barbarians were part of the Exodus wars of the Israelites-Kubanites-Romans. The refugees demanded from the colonists of material and political assistance, but to use military force in case of failure thereof. Waves of migration of Vandals, Goths and Huns in the IV-V centuries were two waves of Exodus, as it is said in the Old Testament under the leadership of the Leader Moses/Dux Moesiae and 40 years later Joshua they are the Khagans Arbat and Attila.
The next element of the ancient chronology that needs clarification is the history of Bithynia and the dating of the reign of its Kings. In 64 Bithynia became a province of the Roman Empire, and in the IV century the territory became an administrative part of New Rome or Byzantium. According to the author's reconstruction of history [6, 7], the Kings of Bithynia, who founded Prusa/Bursa city at the foot of the Lesser Olympus/Mount Uludag, were Constantius Chlorus and Constantine the Great, they are respectively Prusias I and Prusias II. In [12] the reign of Kings Prusias I and Prusias II is dated to 230-182 BC and 182-149 BC. We believe that the actual rule was in 257-305 and 305337 respectively. The Prusa city from the III century became the Throne of Russ, which passed by inheritance between the Ugric Kings, up to the time of Rurik and the Lakapenus [11]. After Constantine the
Great/Prusias II the rulers of Bithynia and Prusa are the Khagans Balamber, Arbat and Urus Ruzha Burgas, who passed Prusa to his nephew Attila. Traditional history dated the reign of Prusias I based on references to Hannibal, who allegedly participated in the war on the side of Bithynia and died of poison in 183 BC. We believe this interpretation of events is erroneous. In fact, Prusias I, aka Constantius Chlorus, had a son Flavius Hannibalianus the Elder from his wife Theodora. Hannibal was the younger half-brother of Constantine the Great, whose mother was concubine Saint Helena. Hannibal the Elder is dead and his biography is lost. Also known is the second Hannibal the Younger (Flavius Hannibalianus), nephew of Constantine the Great and son of Flavius Dalmatius. Constantine the Great, also known as Prusias II, granted the Title King of Pontus to Hannibal the Younger in 335 making him his heir. However, in 337 the heir to the throne was killed in Constantinople. It is obvious that both Hannibal, as the closest relatives of Prusias I and Prusias II, were included in the Chronicles of the reign of the Kings of Bithynia. The Carthage has nothing to do with it.
Let's move on to synchronizing the historical Chronicles of ancient States with the Scriptural of adherents of monotheistic religions. Modern man according to the Kurgan hypothesis [1-4] occurred in the XXXVI century BC. Author's research dates the birth of Adam to 3506 BC [5, 8].
The World Flood or the Late Bronze Age collapse occurred in the period 1250-1200 BC according to the author's calculations, the Flood began in 1244 BC [5, 8] and lasted for years. We are talking about a catastrophic turn of the planet around the plane of the Ecliptic with the change of geographical and magnetic poles, including long-term interference waves of the tsunami in the World Ocean.
When following the Septuagint Dating, it turns out that Abraham should have been born in 180 BC, but according to the author [5, 8] it happened in 7/9 only. Abraham was a real historical figure the Ugric Khagan Tash Bash/Artan [13], aka the Emperor Titus Vespasian Flavius. There is a chronological gap of 190 years, but we believe that the error is caused by inaccuracies in the family tree of the Patriarchs, who were ethnic Ugrians originally from the Volga region, and not Semites from Palestine.
Isaac was the son of Tash Bash with the Ugric name Agha Ruzha (Red Aga), aka Avitakhol [13], whom we identify with the Emperor Constantius Chlorus [5,8], who died in 305. Tash Bash and Agha Ruzha built the first Christian Church in Mecca the Kaaba about 150. Agha Ruzha killed Tash Bash in a duel on the Temple Mount in 163 in Palestine [5, 8].
Jacob is identified by us with Constantine the Great, aka Barys / Kubar [13], Jacob, Ya'qub, and Israel. The followers of Constantine began to call themselves Kubanites or Israelites after the battle of the Laba River in the North Caucasus with the pagans and Praetorians of Maxentius in 312 [5]. Constantine received the religious name Israel during the battle with pagans in the waters of Laba, and the symbol Labarum
also appeared in honor of this event. According to Theophanes [14], Constantine the Great held an Ecumenical Council in Nicaea and accepted the Creed in 316 (in reality in 325). The chronological distance from the birth of Abraham (Tash Bash) to the death of Jacob (Kubar) is 330 years. Contemporaries of Isaac and Jacob were the woman Pharaoh Hatshepsut and Pharaoh Thutmose III.
In 342 the Khagan Arbat/Alp Abay was born. He lived on the Volga in the possession of the Pharaoh Thutmose III, who in 324 captured the Mitanni or Naharin country [5, 8], that is the island of Akhtuba with Ancient Rome/Itil and the surrounding land. The island of Akhtuba was called Lower Egypt in the distant past. Arbat led the first wave of Exodus of Roman-Israelites-K(Q)ubanites from the Volga region and the North Caucasus, known to historians as the Hun invasion. Arbat transferred 600,000 refugees across the Black Sea ice from the Kuban - Bosporan Kingdom to the Crimea along the Tuzla spit in January 379. For this feat, he received the Roman military title Dux Moesiae or Leader of the Moesia on January 19, 379. At the same time he was elected Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire under the throne name Theodosius the Great.
In the Crimea on the Mountain Rock of Ai-Petri the Khagan Arbat has received Tables of Stone. The toponymy of the mountains and passes of Crimea contains the words Zion (Sion) and Sinai. Lake Marah is also located there as lake Sivash. In the Crimea, after the campaign of Arbat, there were names - the Arabat spit (along the spit, the refugees got to the mainland) and Feodosia city.
At the end of 380 Arbat/Theodosius entered New Rome, where he carried out a number of religious reforms. The Emperor established Christianity as the state religion, introduced an annual Passover celebration to commemorate the Exodus of the Israelites from captivity in April 378 and the receipt of the Tablets of Stone in April 379, and banned the Olympic Games. Instead, Arbat founded the annual chariot races in honor of the departure of refugees from the pursuit of Egyptian chariots across the Kuban and the ice of the Black Sea. Then, at the Hippodrome in Constantinople Theodosius installed a copper Serpent Column in honor of getting rid of asps during the Exodus, and also erected an Obelisk of Pharaoh Thutmose III (his contemporary) in honor of establishing peace and friendship with Egypt. The obelisk was made in 355 then moved to the city's embankment to take its place at the Hippodrome 35 years later. The Column and Obelisk are sculptural witnesses of the Exodus. In 381 Theodosius held the Council of Constantinople, which approved the Old Testament Creed and the rules for determining the date of the celebration of Easter. Jesus Christ was not yet born, and Christianity existed as theoretical religion. In the Egyptian Chronicles Khagan Arbat came under the name of the Mitanni King Artatama I.
40 years after the death of the Arbat/Theodosius, his grandson Attila entered the world stage [5, 8]. The Khagan Attila led the second wave of Exodus and the
Hun invasion of Europe. The author identifies Attila/Aetcel with Flavius Aetius, and Emperor Theodosius II, and Joshua [5, 8, 9]. Note that for the ancient Bulgars, Kubanites and Israelites the Biblical Jordan was the Danube River. No wonder the Khagan Arbat called the land between the Danube and the Dnieper Atalyk or Tsar's lot - volume III, p. 90 [14]. Acts of Attila/Joshua was accompanied by a series of Solar Eclipses [9].
According to the Septuagint tradition, the Exodus occurred in the 3840 year from Adam, which in our case means is 3506+3840=334. In the author's reconstruction, the Exodus began in 378, an error of 44 years, which is not bad for the horizon of 4 millennia. The invasion of Canaan by Joshua/Attila began 40 years after the death of the Leader Moses/Dux Moesiae - the Emperor Theodosius the Great. Further comparison of the author's reconstruction with the Biblical chronology according to the traditions of the Jews and Septuagint gives big errors and is pointless.
The period of Judges in the author's reconstruction falls on the time after the collapse of the Empire of Attila in 455 until the end of the reign of Judge Jurgan Teles. Jurgan is the Emperor Phokas (602-610), he is also King Saul (for Muslims is King Talut) that is the period of existence of the Israelites - Kubanites without the Supreme Khagans lasted only 150, not 300 years [5, 8].
In 610 the Emperor Flavius Heraclius I Augustus ascended to the throne of the Empire. We identify him with the Khagan Kubrat (575-660) and King David [5, 8]. Kubrat was the nephew of Jurgan Teles. Chronicles directly say that the Khagan Kubrat was born in the Purple Hall of the Palace in New Rome, like all Emperors, and bore the Title Caesar, i.e. Emperor. Heraclius/Kubrat created a huge religious state the Great Israel or Great Bulgaria. For the numerous tribes and peoples of Byzantium, the Middle East, the Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Volga region, the Roman Empire, with its capital Constantinople, was identified with a Power to which all were subject to varying degrees. The other capital of Great Bulgaria was Phanagoria, an ancient city of the Bosporan Kingdom. The Israelites called Kubrat is Father or Dad, hence his name David. The name DAD is inscribed on mosaics and frescoes of the Chora Church (XIV century) in New Rome/Constantinople.
Heraclius/Kubrat participated in many wars in Europe, the Middle East, the Caucasus, and Mesopotamia. For many years the Byzantine-Sasanian War (602-628) lasted, during which the Sassanid captured Jerusalem/El Quds in 614 and in 616 conquered Egypt. The Persians in El Quds destroyed the first Christian Temple built by Saint Helen and Saint Constantine on the Temple Mount. As a result of the Persian conquests, part of the population of Palestine was moved to Iran, where the Babylonian captivity of the Jews began. Before these events of the seventh century, no Babylonian captivity and the expulsion of the Jews from the Land of Israel could have taken place physically. Under the pressure of fanatics, historians imposed the Sassanid conquests on
the acts of the Babylonian Empire, which, in our opinion, never existed in reality.
The religious reforms and military campaigns of Kubrat had a great influence on the formation of new religions of monotheism. Eastern fundamentalists, who considered Kubrat a Prophet, integrated the biography of the Khagan with the personality of the Prophet Muhammad and created Islam. Due to the Persian war, the Muslim community of Mecca moved to Medina in 622, which gave rise to the Islamic calendar. The Prophet Muhammad, who wrote the Quran in 11301152, lived in 1090-1152 only [5, 8].
The presence of Palestinians in Persian captivity gave rise to the formation of a separate religious movement - Judaism, the Holy book of which was the Talmud. The Talmud was an independent religious book that contained information about the Patriarchs of humanity of Bulgarian origin and the deeds of the Israelites of the Exodus periods (IV-V centuries) and Judges (V-VII centuries). Therefore, there is no place for Jesus Christ, who has not yet been born. The formation of the Talmud ended by the X century, it included the acts of Kings Saul, David and Solomon (VII-VIII centuries). In parallel to this process, the books of the Old Testament and the Torah were edited and supplemented.
King Solomon is identified with the Khagan Sulabi, aka the Emperor Justinian II Rhinotmetus, later the Caliph Suleiman in Palestine [5, 8]. The Prophet was not a son, but a grandson of King David/Kubrat. In the early seventh century, Kubrat ordered the restoration of the Christian Church on the Temple Mount after the victory over the Persians in 629. Justinian II Rhinotmetus/Solomon managed to finish the Church in 711. Since then, the Temple of Solomon, also known as the Qubbat As-Sakhrah Mosque, has stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The name reflects the name of the Heavenly father Kubrat and the name of the Prophet Kubrat/King David. Therefore, the Temple of Solomon was never destroyed and the Western Wall can't have a religious meaning as a reminder of the lost Jewish Temple. No wonder the first mention of the Western Wall appeared only in the XI century.
One of the trends of Judaism is Karaite Judaism appeared in the VIII century. The Karaites believe that their religion originated from the time of the Second Temple, i.e. according to the author's reconstruction -after 711. Karaism flourished in the VIII-XII centuries. The Karaites are not Semites, but Turks - Israelites of the Bulgarian tribes who have remained in the Crimea since the Exodus in 379 under the leadership of the Khagan Arbat/Leader Moses. Part of the Karaites profess Judaism, and a smaller part of Christianity. Karaites are living proof of the author's reconstruction of history, which adhere to two archaic trends of monotheism of the Israelites of the end of the IV century.
For the first time in the earth's history, the Jewish state appeared in the IX century on the basis of the Khazar Khaganate. In 740 one of the Beks/Prince Bulan of the Khazar converted to Judaism. His descendants at
Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific Journal) #5(57), 2020
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the beginning of the IX century received the real reins of government of the country and made Judaism the state religion. In the IX-X centuries there was an active rewriting and editing of the Scriptural of Christians and Jews the Old Testament, Torah and Talmud. Muslims in Damascus and elsewhere attempted to write their own Scriptural, so the first Ayah and Surah appeared, which then became part of the Quran.
In the 962 of the Christian Era in the family of a direct descendant of the Ugric Kings and Khagans Abraham/Tash Bash, Isaac/Agha Ruzha, Jacob/Kubar, the Leader Moses/Arbat, Joshua/Attila, David/Kubrat and Solomon/Sulabi from the gens of Russ-Flavians is Prince Vladimir and Princess Anna Macedonian was born the Blessed Virgin Mary/Maria [5, 8].
At the junction of 979/980 Mary was born a Son of God - Jesus Christ with the Russ name Zlatoust. On March 18, 1010 on Mount Beikoz, also known as the Head of Adam or the Bed of Hercules, the Lord was crucified by Orthodox Christians. The execution was accompanied by an unusual Solar Eclipse [8, 9], when from the middle of the day Darkness enveloped the Mediterranean, and there was an Eclipse of the 94th Saros at sunset [15, 16]. The Savior was buried next to Golgotha in the cave of Yoros in the true Empty Tomb of the Lord. On the third day according to the Scriptures, Jesus Christ rose on the day of the vernal equinox on March 20, 1010. Then the Savior left Byzantium via Damascus. The events of 1010 ended the times of the Old Testament and theoretical Christianity and opened the era of the New Testament. This was the year 2254 from the Flood and 4519 from Adam. After this he performed many amazing divine acts, and his earthly life ended in China, in the province
of Shandong, the Qufu city in May or July 1054 [8, 9]. Before the Savior's death, there was a double celestial phenomenon - the Solar Eclipse on May 10, 1054 of the 103th Saros [15, 16] and an explosion of Supernova (M1) in the constellation of Taurus.
Biblical events end with the acts of the Prophet Muhammad (1090-1152), who wrote the Quran, in 1130-1152 [5, 8]. The Prophet was from the family of Quraysh, which we identify with Urus Ugyr Aydar or the Great Horseman Igor, the father of Rurik. Muhammad was one of the Prophets and Patriarchs of Russ -Flavians is ethnic Ugric, Haplogroup N1. The Prophet Muhammad became an integration of two personalities - Khagan Kubrat of the VII century and Muhammad of the XII century [5, 8]. The date of the Prophet's death is determined by the day of death of his son Ibrahim, when there was Solar Eclipse. According to the author's reconstruction, this sad event occurred on February 7, 1152 (28 Shawwal 546 AH), the Solar Eclipse of the 107th Saros [15, 16].
To correctly synchronize the historical Chronicles of Ancient Egypt, Ancient and New Rome, and the Holy Scriptures, the author used data from 11 celestial phenomena [9], as well as information about hundreds of historical figures whose deeds are reflected in many independent sources. Data on the Prophets, Patriarchs and identification of historical figures with them are based on the family trees of the Prophet Muhammad and the Bulgarians Kings.
The results of our research will be summarized in the Table No.1 synchronization of historical and religious Chronicles, celestial phenomena according to [15, 16].
The Table No.1.
Synchronization of historical and religious chronicles,
No. Date Bible event Historical event Heavenly phenomenon Patriarch Ugrian King
1 3506 BC Birth of Adam Birth of Adam Adam Adam
2 1244 BC Flood 12501200 BC The Late Bronze Age collapse Noah Niy
3 1188 BC Falling of Troy, capture of Egypt by Trojans Zodiac and Solar Ecl. (T) 18.04.1178 BC
4 1172 BC Alba Longa's erection/Inebu Hedj/White Wall King Ascanius/ Pharaon Atotis Iti
5 824-801BC Pyramid in Giza Pharaon Khufu
6 782766 BC Pyramid in Giza Pharaon Khafra
7 753 BC Build of Rome and Memphis
8 339 BC Consecration of Juno Moneta Temple on Akhtuba /Volga Solar Eclipse (A),15.09.339 BC 58th Saros Fabian
9 7/9 Birth of Abraham Birth of Tash Abraham Tash Bash/ Titus Vesp.
Bash/Titus Vespasian Flavius Flavius
10 312 Struggle with God in the river Fight on Laba River, Symbol Labarum Jacob, Israel Kubar/ Constantine Great
11 324 Capture of Itil by Thutmose III
12 378 -379 Exodus, Tables of Stone 19.01.379 campaign on ice of Black Sea Leader Moses Arbat/ Dux Moesiae/ Theodosius
13 453 Stop of the Sun and the Moon The Battle on Aquileia city Solar Eclipse (A) 24.02.453 76th Saros Joshua Attila/ Aetius/The odosius II
14 540 The first turn of Hathor Temple, Ramesses II Round Zodiac of Dendera
15 568 The second turn Hathor Temple, Merneptah Long Zodiac of Dendera
16 610 Board of King David Reign of Heraclius I King David Kubrat, Heraclius I
17 711 Build of Solomon Temple End of Temple Qubbat As-Sakhrah Solomon Sulabi, Justinian II
18 891 Solar Eclipse of Pharaoh Takelot I Solar Eclipse (A) 08.08.891 98th Saros
19 962 Birth of the Virgin Mary Maria
20 979/ 980 Christmas Jesus Christ Jesus Christ Zlatoust
21 1010 Jesus Christ's Crucifixion Darkness from 6 till 9 o'clock (12/15-15/18) Solar Eclipse (A) 94th Saros 18.03.1010 Jesus Christ Jesus Christ Zlatoust
22 1054 Jesus Christ's death from an old age in China Qufu, Shandong Solar Eclipse (T) 10.05.1054 103th Saros, Supernova M1 Jesus Christ Jesus Christ Zlatoust
23 1152 Death of Ibrahim son of Prophet Mohammed Solar Eclipse (A) 07.02.1152 107th Saros Prophet Mohammed Prophet Mohammed
Conclusions of our research: the Author's paradigm of the short history and chronology of religions [5-9] is fully confirmed by synchronizing the Biblical Chronicles and characters with the historical annals and figures of Ancient Egypt, Ancient and New Rome, Volga Bulgaria and Asian countries. Chronicle synchronization is certified by an additional binding of events through eleven celestial phenomena in the form of Solar Eclipses and Zodiacs, as well as a Supernova M1.
Pr. Dr. Valeriy Viktorovich Kubarev, 20.0425.05.2020.
Full text of the article at the link: http://www.kubarev.ru/en/content/503.htm
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10. M. Liverani, «The collapse of the Near Eastern regional system at the end of the Bronze Age: the case of Syria», in Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, M. Rowlands, M.T. Larsen, K. Kristiansen, eds. (Cambridge University Press) 1987.
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Элиас Бикерман, Хронология древнего мира, Перевод с английского И. М. Стеблин-Каменского, Ответственный редактор М. А. Дандамаев, М."Наука", 1975.
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Xubbaliyeva Maxpurat,
Lecturer at the Department of Chinese politics, history and economy, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies,
Uzbekistan.
CENTRAL ASIA: VII - VIII CENTURIES IN THE EYES OF CHINESE BUDDHIST TOURISTS
Abstract. In this article, the author analyzes the work of the Buddhist monk Xuanzang, who visited the Central Asian region in the early Middle Ages, "Da Tan siyuytzu" and other sources on the history of Central Asia, which are not equivalent with this source. This article addresses one of the most serious issues in early medieval Central Asian history. It is known that the travelers of Buddhist monks who visited the Central Asian region in the early Middle Ages, the information contained in them, are not yet available in Arabic-Persian sources and cover a relatively dark period, and the article fills this gap. Among them, Xuanzang's "Da Tan siyutzu" stands out. Therefore, this article serves as additional material to the work published so far.
Keywords: Buddhist tourists, Great Tan dynasty, Central Asian peoples, Chach, Iron Gate, indigenous culture, religious ties, trade relations, geographical location of cities
In Chinese sources, it is often said that the period of the Tang Dynasty is characterized by a special place in the development of Chinese statehood. And, in a sense, such ideas have their own scientific value. The socio-political and historical relations of Central Asia with the Tan period have deep roots and are still in the focus of the world's sinologists. In particular, Uzbekistan is no exception. There are separate notes in many translations of European, Russian and Uzbek literature. Uzbek scientists Doctor of historical sciences Ablat Khodjaev "The Great Silk Road: Relations and Destinies"1, Professor, Doctor of historical sciences N.E. Karimova's "Hui Chao's work as a source on the history of India in the first half of the 8th century"2, "Hae Cho's Wang Wu Tenzhuzhu Zhuan Composition - A Valuable Source on the History of South and
Central Asia"3, "Journey along the Great Silk Road" by Sally Hovey Wriggins in America4, N.V.Alexandrova's research, such as "Memories of Western Countries during the Great Tang Dynasty"5 sheds light on the priest Xuanzang. We also have enough information about Buddhist tourists visiting Central Asia from the Chinese source "Da Tan si yu tzu" ("Memories of Western countries in the time of the Great Tang") in Uzbek. The domestic and foreign policies of the Tan period have also been extensively studied in the above scientific studies. At the same time, the research he created theoretically served as a basis for determining the methodology of this article.
Also, in this case, most of the studied sources pay great attention to the study of diplomatic relations between Tan and Central Asian countries. However, in
1 A.Khodjaev. The Great Silk Road: relations and destinies. Tashkent, 2007.
2 Karimova N.E. Hui Chao's work as a source on the history of India in the first half of the 8th century. Proceedings of the international scientific-practical conference on the development of Uzbek-Chinese historical, cultural, scientific and economic ties. November 17, 2018. Tashkent. 312-317 p.
3 Karimova N.E. Hae Cho's "Wang Wu Tenzhuzhu
Zhuan" is a valuable source on the history of South and
Central Asia. Social sciences in Uzbekistan. No. 1-2 / 2018. 86-92 p.
4 Sally Hovey Wriggins. The Silk Road Journey with Xuanzang. Westview Press; Revised edition (November 27, 2003)
5 N.V. Alexandrova. Xuan Zang. Notes on the Western countries (era) of Great Tang (Da Tang Xi Yu Ji). Oriental literature, 2012
