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УДК 338
Juraev E.S.
The Teacher of the Department Economics
Xolmirzayev U.A.
The Teacher of the Department Economics Namangan Engineering Construction Institute City Namangan, UZBEKISTAN SUPPORTING SMALL BUSINESS SUBJECTS BY TAX REFORMS
Abstract: The article argues that a well-balanced tax policy to support small business and private entrepreneurship in our country is the most important tool, accelerating their development in our country and around the world through tax burden analysis and minimal application of tax rates.
Key words: small business, tax, indicators, tax policy, tax burden.
In the context of economic modernization, large-scale tax reforms have been undertaken, which have led to an increase in real incomes of the population, modernization of production and support for employment. Ensuring sustainable economic growth and further radical improvement of the business environment, accelerating the process of liberalization and deepening market reforms, employment and income remain among the most important and priority tasks in our country today.
Small businesses provide high rates of resource turnover as low-cost economic activities in the face of capital shortages, quick and economical solution to the problem of saturating the consumer market in the context of economic restructuring, economic instability and resource constraints. enough. Small businesses are able to adapt quickly to changes in consumer demand, thus ensuring the necessary balance in the consumer market. At present, this sector is playing a leading role not only in accelerating the pace of economic growth, but also in addressing issues of employment and income increase that are important to our country. In recent years, the number of enterprises engaged in small business and private entrepreneurship in our country is growing.
The Strategy of actions for further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 highlights the following: "... small business and private entrepreneurship is the foundation of the national economy, formation of the middle class, which is the basis of social stability of society. is an important factor in creating a competitive environment and achieving sustainable economic growth. "
One of the most urgent issues today is to increase the share of GDP and the efficiency of employment provided by small business and private entrepreneurship entities operating to ensure macroeconomic stability of the country. In the current conditions of modernization of the country's economy, further development of the activities of small businesses and private entrepreneurship is important.
Small business and private entrepreneurship play an important role in Uzbekistan's entry into the world economy. In the 21st century, private
entrepreneurship has become a dynamic part of the economy in many countries and is the cornerstone of the national economy and the basis for the successful development of any country. Therefore, the growth rate of GDP and well-being of the population depends on the development of private entrepreneurship.
The development of small business and private entrepreneurship in our country is largely the result of consistent and consistent policy aimed at reducing the tax burden on the economy.
1-table
Dynamics of the share of small business and private entrepreneurship
in GDP, in percent
Indicators YEARS
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Share of small business and private entrepreneurship in GDP 55,8 56,1 56,5 56,9 63,6 59,4
World experience shows that the greater the freedom of small business and private entrepreneurship in economic activity, the faster the competitive environment in the market develops. The state should actively participate in the creation of a competitive environment in the transition to a market economy, pursue antimonopoly policy to protect free competition and encourage business activities through economic mechanisms, including taxes.
Small businesses play an important role in the development of the economies of the USA, Western Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, the developed countries do not always receive high ratings when they analyze the creation of favorable tax conditions for taxpayers around the world. This is natural, since developing or developing countries place great emphasis on creating the most favorable taxation system to create a favorable investment climate for entrepreneurs by reducing the tax burden. According to international financial institutions, the top fifteen countries with the most favorable tax system are: (Table 2).
The table shows that the Maldives is the most favored tax system. There are three types of taxes in this country, with a total tax rate of 9.3%. Qatar and Hong Kong also have three taxes, but the total tax rate in these countries is 11.3% and 23.0%, respectively.
2-table
The countries with the most favorable tax system
№ Country Total taxes Total tax rate (total of all tax rates)
1. The Maldives 3 9,3
2. Qatar 3 11,3
3. Hong Kong 3 23,0
4. S ingapore 5 27,1
5. Ireland 8 28,8
6. UAE 14 14,1
7. S audi Arabia 14 14,5
8. Oman 14 22,0
9. Mauritius, Kiribati 7 25,0; 31,8
10. Canada 8 28,8
11. Kuwait 15 15,5
12. Bahrain 25 15,0
13. Luxembourg 23 20,8
14. Denmark 10 27,5
15. Switzerland 19 30,1
In the developed economies, the tax system is not so well-known. For example, Luxembourg is ranked 13th, and Switzerland - 15th in terms of GDP per capita. The last place in the ranking of 183 countries is Venezuela (70 taxes, 63.5%, 183 seats), the Republic of Congo (61 taxes, The general rate is 182 seats, Ukraine (135 taxes, total rate -181 seats).
A comparative analysis of the tax burden in some countries of the world shows that the highest tax burden is found in France (46%), Germany (39%) and Japan (36.1%). The lowest levels of tax burden are observed in Ukraine (27%) and Kazakhstan (29%). The lowest tax burden in Central Asia is Kyrgyzstan - 29%, Tajikistan - 67.3%. Uzbekistan is 32.1%. In general, Uzbekistan is 64th in the rating, Kazakhstan - 56th in the neighboring countries, 136th in Tajikistan and 150 - in Kyrgyzstan.
3-table
Dynamics of average tax burden in some countries of the world [3]
(As a percentage of GDP)
Countries Tax burden level
France 46,0
Germany 39,0
Japan 36,1
Kazakhstan 29,0
Ukraine 27,0
Russia 30,7
Belarus 33,9
The analysis shows that the tax burden in our country has been decreasing in recent years. The decrease in the tax burden was mainly due to a reduction in tax rates and an increase in the tax base.
The current stage of economic reforms in Uzbekistan is characterized by the development of small business and private entrepreneurship and the provision of broad economic freedom. From this point of view, today the republic pays special attention to development of small business and private entrepreneurship. The development of small business and private entrepreneurship is considered as a strategic objective of the economic policy of our state.
The main purpose of the tax policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is to
create favorable conditions and structural changes for increasing the efficiency of production, strengthening the budget revenues and creating the conditions for further development of entrepreneurship in the country.
On February 22, 2019, under the chairmanship of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoev, there was analyzed the effectiveness of the concept of tax policy improvement and identified the following important tasks "- further evidence of tax policy reforms.
Specifically, the tax burden was 41.2% in 1991, and by 32.1% by 2018, a 1.3-fold decline in tax revenues will continue to hold most businesses. [5].
The achieved macroeconomic and financial stability requires deep analysis of all spheres of the economic life of our society and making the necessary conclusions. It is known that economic growth is determined by two ways: GDP growth and per capita GDP growth. Given the economic development statistics of the country, GDP has been growing at a high rate in recent years. This shows that the country's economy is becoming more stable.
High GDP growth is the result of a sound economic policy. At the same time, the rational tax policy aimed at reducing the tax burden promotes structural changes in the economy, increasing the business activity and financial stability of economic entities. Reducing the tax burden on the economy contributes to its development.
Increasing the volume of products, creating more jobs and increasing real incomes of the population requires macroeconomic stability. Therefore, one of the most urgent issues today is to increase the share of GDP generated by small businesses and private entrepreneurship in ensuring the macroeconomic stability and increase the efficiency of employment.
As it was noted, the final result of the fiscal policy in the country is reflected in the current tax burden. The tax burden is a key indicator of the country's tax policy.
In contrast to the tax system of the developed countries, the bulk of the state budget revenues are formed by taxes and mandatory payments of legal entities. However, the priority of indirect taxes they pay is still there.
One of the priorities is the accelerated development of small business and private entrepreneurship. The problem of sustainable economic growth and the social sphere is difficult to achieve without the rapid development of small business and private entrepreneurship. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to stimulate small business and private entrepreneurship under the effective taxation system in conjunction with banking sector reforms in order to further improve the business environment and access to credit resources.
Reference:
1. E.S. Juraev. World experience in small business lending. - Russia, Высшая школа, 2017.
2. E.S. Juraev. Foreign experience in conducting financial policies for the development of small business. - Russia, Экономика и социум, 2018.
3. To'raev Sh. Oqilona soliq siyosati - iqtisodiy taraqqiyot omili. //Bozor, pul va kredit. № 3 - 2012. 43-b.
4. Paying Taxes 2019 (https://kun.uz/ru/64956035).
