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SUPPLY LEVEL OF MAIN AGRICULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTS IN AZERBAIJAN
SULEYMANOV FARIZ VIDADI Azerbaijan State Agricultural University, Senior Lecturer Ganja, Azerbaijan
BABAYEVA SAMAYA OGTAY
Azerbaijan State Agricultural University, Senior Lecturer, phd student
Ganja, Azerbaijan
YAGUBZADE SOLMAZ RAHMAN
Azerbaijan State Agricultural University, Assistant Ganja, Azerbaijan
Summary. In modern times, ensuring the country's food security is aimed at meeting the state's demand for agricultural products through domestic production and meeting the needs of the low-income group for products included in the minimum consumer basket. Ensuring food security means reducing the state's food dependence on other countries. It is in this direction that improvement measures are being implemented in the agrarian market of our country that have a positive impact on this area. National leader Heydar Aliyev said: "The main goal of the agrarian reforms carried out in the country is to improve the food supply of the Republic of Azerbaijan, reduce the country's need for imported food products and fully ensure the food security of Azerbaijan." The concepts offood security and food security complement each other and are aimed at solving the food problem. The ratio of real consumption to demand can be characterized as food security.
Keywords: food security, food security, crop products, livestock products,food market, self-sufficiency level
In order to obtain complete information about the country's food market, it is important to pay attention to the level of self-sufficiency in the production of its main types of livestock and crop production. Because the main indicator of the level of local production is characterized by local self-sufficiency opportunities. Although countries usually favor the import of products that cost high production costs, taking into account the principle of absolute advantages, over time, based on the principle of food security, it is considered desirable to produce certain types of products at the expense of the country's own production capabilities [2, p.146]. Currently, certain preventive measures are being taken in our country to expand local self-sufficiency opportunities for various products. Among such measures, financial and tax concessions provided by the state in order to expand production capabilities for products are of great importance. Subsidies provided in our country to expand the production of certain types of crop and livestock products, especially those included in the class of strategic products, are considered such measures. An example of this is the increase in crop subsidies for farmers who have expanded the amount of cultivated areas in recent years. Taking into account the dynamics of annual changes in the domestic market for strategic crops, the annual renewal of crop coefficients is considered to be one of the circumstances that leads to positive changes in crop production [1, p.102].
Another of the measures that necessitate the expansion of local production is the changes in the global economic environment. Thus, depending on the economic situation, political and military environment in certain groups of countries, the cultivation of some products either becomes impossible over time, or the presence of certain diseases in those products creates serious risks for the import of products from those countries. In this case, it would be better if the country manages to stay away from such risks in the future by increasing local production. In order to assess the state of local production in the field of crop production in our country, the level of local self-sufficiency in
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crop products is reflected in table 1 for various products. Looking at the data in Table 1, it is clear that only 69% of the total demand can be met through local production in the field of crop production. Although this situation has improved by approximately 12.5 points compared to 2010, the remaining 31% is still met through the import of cereals, which is not a good situation [5]. If we take into account that the vast majority of cereals and legumes produced are used as feed in livestock farming due to their quality characteristics, then we can conclude that self-sufficiency opportunities for cereals and legumes should be further increased in the future.
Table 1
Level of self-sufficiency in crop products, in percent
2010 2015 2020 2021 2022
Total cereals
(excluding rice) 56.5 64.5 68,1 73.7 69.0
Wheat 48.9 54.8 57,1 61.5 56.7
Barley 87.7 95.1 94,6 101.9 101.2
Corn 64.5 54.1 86,6 93.6 78.0
Legumes 65.8 69.3 60,3 56.4 61.5
Potatoes 100.5 89.1 90,6 88.8 89.0
All
vegetables 97.6 103.4 110,4 106.6 106.8
Tomatoes 106.0 113.7 131,0 121.1 119.8
Mellows 100.0 100.0 100,8 102.6 103.2
Fruits and
berries 107.9 113.7 116,3 122.9 123.9
Nuts and
hazelnuts 121.6 132.5 138,0 136.5 137.0
Grapes 90.4 93.1 95,8 94.4 94.8
Source: Prepared based on data from the State Statistics Committee
When we look at other major crop products, compared to 2010, in 2022, the self-sufficiency potential for corn increased from 64.5% to 78.0%, and for fruit and berry products from 107.9% to 123.9%. While the self-sufficiency level for root crops increased by 15.4 points in the reporting year compared to the base year, this ratio was approximately 3.2 points for melon crops. Among the products whose self-sufficiency potential decreased compared to the base year, potatoes (11.5 points) and legumes (4.3 points) were selected [6]. When analyzing the current situation in the field of crop production in our country, it becomes clear that the self-sufficiency level for melon crops and vegetables is quite high. Among the remaining areas, the current production of wheat and common cereals can be noted. When assessing the self-sufficiency opportunities for products in the food market, it is very important to conduct an assessment in the livestock sector. For this purpose, table 2 shows the level of local self-sufficiency for livestock products in our country.
Table 2
Level of self-sufficiency in ^ livestock products, percent
2010 2015 2020 2021 2022
All types of meat
and meat products 87.7 94.7 84,5 86.4 86.0
Beef and meat
products 95.5 91.8 87,4 91.9 93.0
Mutton and goat
meat and meat
products 99.7 99.3 97,3 98.2 97.0
Poultry and meat products 70.6 98.6 79,0 79.6 78.5
Milk and dairy
products 70.4 84.3 83,5 84.8 83.3
Eggs 97.9 99.7 100,0 99.1 100.5
Fish and fish
products 76.6 77.6 81,7 78.2 76.7
Source: Prepared based on data from the State Statistics Committee
In our country, the self-sufficiency level for all types of meat and meat products decreased by approximately 1.7 points in 2022 to 86.0% compared to 2010. When viewed separately, the self-sufficiency level for beef decreased by 2.5 points in 2022 compared to the base year, and for sheep and goat meat by 2.7 points, but for poultry meat, there was an increase of 7.9 points in 2022 compared to 2010. Currently, 78.5% of the local demand for poultry meat in our country is met through local production capabilities [5]. The remaining part is imported. In the last three years, the local self-sufficiency level for milk production, which is an important livestock sector, improved by approximately 12.9 points to 83.3 percent, and egg production increased by 2.6 points to 100.5%. Thus, when we look at the level of local self-sufficiency in the livestock sector, it becomes clear that in our country, the self-sufficiency opportunities for livestock products are higher than in crop production. Here, the self-sufficiency level for most products is more than 80%. This can be considered a good situation. In our country, the state widely uses methods such as providing the sector with subsidies and exempting it from various taxes as the main preventive measures to improve the situation in the level of self-sufficiency for crop production. The result of this can be seen in the increasing production in recent years. The changes in crop production that have occurred in our country in recent years can be seen in the volume of production for the main types of crop production since 2010. Table 2 reflects the products produced in all farm categories for crop production. As noted, although the total production of cereals and legumes in our country in 2020 was approximately 2 million tons, this amount is currently approximately 3.1 million tons, which is a 55.1% increase in relative terms compared to the previous period. Cotton production among crop products can be characterized as the area that has increased the most compared to 2010. Thus, cotton production increased by 8.4 times in 2022 compared to the base year. In comparison with the same years, potato production increased by 12.6%, vegetable production by 53.3%, and melon products by 8.3% [4]. The main point that stands out from Table 2 is the increase in the production of cereals and legumes. Such a sharp increase in the production of cereals can actually be defined as a very important situation in terms of ensuring food security. One of the main factors influencing such an increase in grain production in recent years is the creation of new grain farms in the liberated zones. For information, let us note that the total volume of arable land used due to the liberated territories varies between 200300 thousand hectares. This has a positive effect on the production of both grain and other crop products.
Tbale 3
Crop production by species, all farm categories
Years Cereals Cotton Tobacco Potates Vegetables Melon product
2010 2000.5 38.2 3.2 953.7 1189.5 433.6
2015 2999.4 35.2 3.5 839.8 1275.3 484.5
2018 3309.2 233.6 6.3 898.9 1521.9 401.9
2019 3538.5 295.3 6.0 1004.2 1714.7 447.6
2020 3257.1 336.8 6.9 1037.6 1738.9 448.1
2021 3363.0 287.0 6.4 1062.0 1815.5 459.9
2022 3161.3 322.5 5.1 1074.3 1823.3 469.3
Source: Prepared based on data from the State Statistics Committee
Compared to the base year, we have observed that a certain increase in the volume of production of the main types of crop products has been achieved. The factors that have affected the increase in local production to a certain extent can be classified as follows:
□ Providing subsidies of certain types to local producers depending on the cultivated areas;
□ Providing support for production technologies;
□ Providing state support for means of production;
□ Exempting areas from various types of taxes;
□ Providing support for sales.
In addition to the above-mentioned supports, the implementation of promotional activities for the development of the sector by the state has yielded very positive results in the provision of food products. After clarifying from the table that positive trends have been observed in the production of agricultural crops, it is important to look at table 4, which includes changes in the production of the main types of livestock products, in order to learn how changes have occurred in the livestock sector in recent years. The table shows that the quantity of production in the main livestock sector in our country increased to a certain extent in 2022 compared to 2010. Thus, compared to the base year, meat production in slaughter weight increased by 50.8% in 2022, milk production by 47.5%, egg production by 71.3%, and honey production by 3.9 times [5].
Table 4
Production of main livestock products, by all farm categories, in thousand tons
Years Meat Milk Egg,mln Honey
2010 244.9 1535.8 1178.6 1.9
2015 298.6 1924.5 1552.9 2.6
2018 326.0 2080.4 1676.2 5.0
2019 335.7 2150.8 1827.1 5.8
2020 346.0 2192.5 1906.2 6.6
2021 357.6 2223.4 1838.8 6.8
2022 368.2 2264.7 2018.1 7.4
Source: Prepared based on data from the State Statistics Committee
The increase in production in the livestock sector in recent years can be attributed mainly to two factors. One of these is that the livestock sector is more profitable than the crop sector. The other is related to the provision of low-interest loans by the state in order to improve financial security in this sector. Improving the production conditions of local livestock enterprises due to low-interest loans has led to substantial progress in production. In our country, in order to improve the local breed composition, new breeds of animals are brought in and purchased by farmers on preferential terms, which has had a positive impact on the production of certain types of products in livestock. Meat products and dairy products in terms of cut weight from such products occupy a special place [3, p.153]. The main point affecting the growth in the beekeeping sector can be noted as the subsidies provided in this sector. On the other hand, the main point positively affecting beekeeping is the holding of fairs on beekeeping products, which have already become a tradition. The regular organization of sales markets can be associated with the organization of sales of high-quality bee products to foreign markets. Currently, the use of new promotional methods is expanding in our country to develop this field. Among such measures, the introduction of more productive bee varieties into the country is a priority.
LiTERATURE:
1. öliyeva A.H., Transformation problems of the food market in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Baku 2013. 154 s
2. Hasanov R., Economic policy: methodology and practice. Baku 2019. 244 s
3. Mammadov A., Agricultural economics. Baku 2002. 376 s
4. http://www.economy.gov.az/- Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
5. http://www.azstat.org/- State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan
6. http://www.maliyye.gov.az/- Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Azerbaijan
