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SUBSTANTIATION OF THE NEED FOR THE EXPANSION OF THE NUMBER OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF
ENTERPRISES
S.N. Larin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head Researcher
U.H. Malkov, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Senior Researcher
N.V. Noack, Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Senior Researcher
Central Economic & Mathematic Institute at RAS
(Russia, Moscow)
DOI:10.24411/2411-0450-2020-10042
The study was funded by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, grant №19-010-00214a.
Abstract. Provided the impact of sanction restrictions such problem as competitive ability of Russian enterprises at both internal and external markets can be solved by means of activation of the development of its intellectual potential, directly influencing its enhancement. Many foreign and national economists recognize that the development of the intellectual potential directly influences the enhancement of the competitive ability of not only certain enterprises, but also of branches and economics of different countries. The analysis of results of scientific researchers of foreign and Russian authors showed that till the present time there is no common determination of the intellectual potential, neither clear perception of its economic essence and structural components. With that many scientists, while offering different approaches to the determination of such a notion, fairly assume that in modern conditions the intellectual potential became one of most important factors of the economics' development. With that as main peculiarity of its formation should be considered the growth of the number of structural components simultaneously with the sophistication and enhancement of the dynamics of manufacturing of the innovative production, works and services. The article substantiates the need for the incorporation of new components into the intellectual potential structure, what can be considered as modern novations at the analysis of the studied notion. Above mentioned circumstances make the topic of this article timely for the modern stage of development of Russian economics.
Keywords: economics, enterprises, intellectual potential, new structural components.
The intellectual potential of modern enterprises is determined by the complex of human, social and organizational capitals, as well as of the information, knowledge and other structural components it dispose of. As we know, the organization of production activities requires certain capital assets, being someone's property. It is owned by enterprise owners, who are directly interested not only in its performance, but also in available experts, whose competences allow to manufacture the ready production. Just qualified experts of the enterprise have got necessary information and knowledge for the formation and implementation of its intellectual potential, as well as for the enhancement of its performance. With that the intellectual potential has not got a tangible form and can partially
belong not only to the enterprise owner, but to certain its experts as well. Another peculiarity of the intellectual potential of the enterprise is the growing number of its structural components simultaneously with the sophistication of the modern production and the enhancement of the dynamics of its development.
Research purpose. The main purpose of the research hereunder is to evaluate present-day developments of the organization of production activities of enterprises, to reveal conditions for the origination of new structural components of the intellectual potential of the enterprise and the substantiation of the need for it to be included in the composition.
Materials and methods. On the cusp of XX-XXI centuries in the economic science was formed the concept of the intellectual
capital of the enterprise, which has considerably expanded possibilities for the use of human intellectual capacities in production activities. If earlier production activities of enterprises have been supported by the complex of permanent assets, which have been used by the enterprise personnel in its owners' interests, nowadays it is being organized principally otherwise.
Nowadays for many enterprises the use of labor resources is no more limited by the solution of such problem as its search and application in the production process. Today the management of these enterprises realizes the necessity for investments in the development of managerial and professional competences of the personnel due to the accumulation of the knowledge and implementation of innovations. In order to measure the efficiency of these expenditures first of all appeared such notion and human potential and capital, and then the notion of the intellectual potential and capital of the enterprise.
By results of the literature survey analysis were determined three basic structural components of the intellectual potential of the enterprise, namely: human capital, social (relational) capital and organizational (structural) capital (two last components are nothing but technologies for the management of the production and of relations with enterprise coun-teragents) [1, p. 18].
More comprehensive and generalized approaches to the determination of such notion as intellectual capital appeared lately in our country, when the whole range of academic economists applied new approaches as methodologic basis. Namely, were used methods of the modeling of the integral index of the intellectual potential of the enterprise, mathematical relations of the competitive ability and of the intellectual potential, the method of its evaluation, based on the income approach, comprehensive approach to the structuring of basic components of the intellectual capital, as well as attempts to use the accounting approach for the determination of its influence on the competitive ability of the enterprise. This article will disclose conditions for the generation of new structural components of the intellectual potential of the enterprise, as well as substantiate the need for
its accounting in its structure in relation to modern conditions of the development of Russian economics.
Results and discussion. Nowadays any manufacturing site requires the information and knowledge in different forms and within scopes, necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of the production process. Namely, the information and knowledge together with managerial and professional competences of the personnel serve as basis for the intellectual potential of an enterprise, which is transformed in different kinds of its capital within the production process. In other words, the information and knowledge, representing initially intangible forms of the intellectual potential, in the production process acquire its economic essence as its important structural components, and, finally, become different kinds of the embodied capital, as:
- it is the property of the enterprise or of certain experts among its personnel;
- its formation requires certain investment expenditures, decreasing expenditures of the enterprise and of its certain experts;
- it possesses the ability to accumulate and can be considered as a certain stock;
- inherently, expenditures referred to the formation of the intellectual potential, should be considered as real investments, because within the long-term time period in can generate different production effects (cost, material, managerial etc.);
- its use in the production process contributes to the higher future income due to the transformation of the existing and newly formed intellectual potential in different kinds of the capital.
The onrush of the economics of the knowledge and information technologies, having the form of different kinds of products of digital economics explicitly requires the incorporation of new components in the structure of the intellectual potential of the enterprise, namely the informative and dynamic potential. With that new structural components should be fit together with managerial and professional competences of the enterprise personnel, used for the creation of its intellectual potential.
The effective functioning of many enterprises in terms of saturation of economics
with the information and its active digitaliza-tion is directly referred to the effective use of its information potential. It is obvious, that for each enterprise its information potential will represent the cost of information resources, specific only to such enterprise, including data bases, data intelligence systems and information technologies, providing to the enterprise management and to other management the authentic and complete information in order to adopt resolutions at relevant management levels. This part of information resources will be considered internal in relation to the information potential of the enterprise. Anyway, it should not be overlooked that all enterprises are being functioning under the multidirectional influence of environmental factors, including different kinds of the market, financial, marketing and other information. This part of information resources will be considered external in relation to the information potential of the enterprise. It is quite natural, that the volume, functional variety and other characteristics of external information resources considerably increase internal ones. Anyway, the enterprise management and other managerial staff should possess relevant knowledge and skills, as well as dispose of modern information technologies for the access and timely obtaining of the required information in the huge mass of informational resources.
So, the efficiency of the use of the whole complex of internal and external information resources of the enterprise, as well as the effective possessing of information technologies of its processing becomes the important source of the production development and of the economic growth of the enterprise. The use of the information causes innovative changes of the intellectual potential of the enterprise.
Nowadays functional possibilities of the information potential of the enterprise are used not only for the management of the manufacturing site, but also for the interaction with counteragents, monitoring of ready production sales markets, advertising activities, as well as for the production promotion etc. With that the used information can be various one: available resources, its cost, possible methods of its use, as well as the other infor-
mation, determining terms of production activities. This is just to name a few functional possibilities of the information potential of the enterprise, but even above mentioned functions show that in modern conditions the information potential should be considered as the most important structural component of the intellectual potential, which presence and quality are to a great extent determined by prospects of functioning and development of the modern enterprise, as well as the stability of its market position.
Now let's substantiate the need for the incorporation in the intellectual potential structure of its dynamic component - the dynamic potential. While comprising the enterprise as a system, let's consider that it is determined, when all elements of the system and ongoing processes are known in advance. The intellectual potential of the enterprise as of a system has got certain features, to which, in terms of non-stop production activities, are referred: status instability; time uncertainty; dynamical development. It is simple to notice, that such feature as dynamic development is a key one from above mentioned and which is, by its essence, comprises both the unstable status and the uncertainty in time. So, the basic target of the intellectual potential management is to maintain the given dynamics of its development and to provide for its relative stabilization and clearness in time. Let's determine tasks, which solution will allow to achieve the given target.
The stabilization of the intellectual potential assumes the consequence of actions of the enterprise personnel as something like that: determination of the possibility and fields of its use; formation of the potential reserve according to fields; additional investments for the effective use of the potential; potential stabilization. With that the stability will determine such potential status, which makes it possible to identify it and to use in the production process. For different members of production activities the stability will be a relative notion, anyway, as such intellectual potential is one of key factors of its activities, all its members are interested in its stabilization.
The time uncertainty of the intellectual potential shows, mainly, as resource uncertainty,
which is referred to its quality, quantity, terms of obtaining and possibilities. The practice shows that with the any control level such problem as resource uncertainty cannot be solved by methodology, so the certainty confidence level can be established. Basic reasons of the resource uncertainty of the intellectual potential are:
- probabilistic estimates of stocks of resources of available stocks of resources, as well as considerable errors of its accounting methods, what can considerably decrease the efficiency of the use of resources;
- change and demand offer at resources' market, influencing the amendment of production costs for the obtaining of resources and the creation of its stock;
- amendment of the need for resources under the influence of scientific & technical progress, followed by the change of scopes and structure of the use of resources [2, p. 353].
Besides the resource uncertainty of the intellectual potential of the enterprise there is such factor as the uncertainty of its organizational factors. As the main target of the management of enterprises as a system is the achievement in any time of its definition by means of the change of managerial solutions, the controllability of the enterprise will be determined by the selection of such option of managerial solutions, which will allow it to provide its dynamic development in the intended direction.
With that it is understood that all resources and information are oriented in time and space, as well as that is should be clearly divided into internal and external ones in reference to the intellectual potential of the enterprise.
In reference to enterprise activities as to a system, the concept of dynamic abilities can be detailed to the incorporation of its components in enterprise management procedures as separate elements of its information system. For this purpose was developed the model of dynamic abilities [3, p. 58], being the application for the solution of practical tasks of the enterprise management. The model allows to manage production activities of the enterprise, the formation of new competences, the generation of the new knowledge, the coordi-
nation of structural components of the intellectual potential of an enterprise.
Successful activities of modern enterprises are provided by the organization of the effective interaction between its managerial capabilities and available resources, while having acquired considerable dynamic capabilities. If any one of such components lacks, innovative activities of the enterprise would not provide positive results. Such results can be obtained only by the combination of dynamic capabilities and resources, which are being used under its influence [4, p. 106].
The dynamic potential as a structural component of the intellectual potential of an enterprise can be represented as a complex of its dynamic abilities and of the effective use of all kinds of resources. In the context of activities of enterprises the concept of dynamic capabilities provides new opportunities for the management of its production activities, while taking into consideration rapidly changing environmental conditions [5, p. 511; 6, p. 684]. The incorporation of dynamic capabilities into the structure of the information system of the enterprise management allows to take into consideration stability factors of its activities, as well as factors of the amendment of the external and internal environment for the formation of additional competitive advantages.
So, we have substantiated the need of the incorporation of two new components into the structure of the intellectual potential of the enterprise - both information and dynamic potential. Under modern conditions successful activities of the enterprise depends largely on the effective use and buildup of the entirety of structural components of its intellectual potential. This circumstance allows to formulate the detailed determination of such notion as the intellectual potential of an enterprise, as the complex of its basic structural components (human, relational and organizational capital, information and dynamic potential), which is able, provided targeted managerial influence, to provide for the enhancement of the efficiency of production activities of an enterprise, provided changing factors of the external and internal medium of its functioning.
Conclusion. Results, provided in the 2. Was detailed such notion as intellectual
course of the performed research, allowed to potential of an enterprise, referred to modern formulate following opinions. terms of carrying out of production activities.
1. Under modern conditions the intellectu- 3. Was substantiated the need for the in-
al potential is a key intangible resource and corporation in the structure of the intellectual factor, contributing to the effective develop- potential of an enterprise of two new compo-ment of the enterprise and to the use of its nents - information and dynamic potential, available resources. which can be considered as modern novations
at the analysis of the studied notion.
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ОБОСНОВАНИЕ НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ РАСШИРЕНИЯ СОСТАВА СТРУКТУРНЫХ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИХ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА
ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
С.Н. Ларин, канд. техн. наук, вед. науч. сотр. У.Х. Малков, канд. физ.-мат. наук, вед. науч. сотр. Н.В. Ноакк, канд. психол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. Центральный экономико-математический институт РАН (Россия, г. Москва)
Аннотация. В условиях негативного влияния санкционных ограничений проблема конкурентоспособности российских предприятий на внутреннем и внешних рынках может быть решена путем активизации развития их интеллектуального потенциала, который оказывает непосредственное влияния на ее повышение. Многие зарубежные и отечественные экономисты признают, что развитие интеллектуального потенциала оказывает непосредственное влияния на рост конкурентоспособности не только отдельных предприятий, но и отраслей и экономик разных стран. Анализ результатов научных исследований иностранных и российских авторов показали, что общепринятого определения понятия интеллектуального потенциала до настоящего времени нет, как и четкого представления его экономической сущности и структурных составляющих. Вместе с тем, многие ученые, предлагая различные подходы к определению этого понятия, справедливо полагают, что в современных условиях интеллектуальный потенциал стал одним из важнейших факторов развития экономики. При этом в качестве главной особенности его формирования следует рассматривать увеличение числа структурных составляющих одновременно с усложнением и повышением динамики производства инновационной продукции, работ и услуг. В статье обоснована необходимость включения в структуру интеллектуального потенциала предприятия новых составляющих, что может рассматриваться в качестве современных новаций при анализе исследуемого понятия. Указанные выше обстоятельства делают тематику данной статьи актуальной для современного этапа развития российской экономики.
Ключевые слова: экономика, предприятия, интеллектуальный потенциал, новые структурные составляющие.
