CC BY
34
D OI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/AJT-17-1.2-93-97
Nabieva Iroda Abdusamatovna, Doctor of science, the faculty of textile industry and technology, Tashkent institute of textile and light industry, Republic of Uzbekistan
Khasanova Makhfuza Shukhratovna, Assistant professor, the faculty of textile industry and technology
Artikboeva Ruza Maxsudjanovna, Student, the faculty of textile industry and technology
E-mail: niroda@bk.ru
Studying technological tools that prepare materials with a combination of polyether and cotton fiber for finishing-touch process
Abstract: Preparation thread and fabric containing polyether and cotton fiber in various ratios for polishing process are studied. The ways how to give strong capillarity by boiling process with flimsy alkaline condition are shown. Possibility of higher alkali fiber material than mixed fiber material is scientifically proved. Bleaching machine for fabrics containing synthetic fiber is introduced. Increase in hygroscopic and durability of fabrics during mercerization process is emphasized.
Keywords: polyether, cotton, yarn, fabric, mixed yarn, boiling, bleaching, mercerization process, capillarity, degree of whiteness.
Introduction
Solving science-technological problems associated with textile and light industry related to recycling local raw material profoundly, localizing the range of goods is essential. In this sphere expanding the usage of polyether fiber manufactured in the Republic, including the availability of manufacturing technologies thatproducenew types of products from the mixture of synthetic and natural fibers is considered as a crucial issue. Likewise, expanding the range of recycling of locally manufactured cotton fibers, developing assortment of readymade textile products is regarded as an import ant task.
The process of preparing materials that are made of synthetic fibers for dying and polishing includes cleaning from lubricate emulsion, the solution of antistatic substance and starch that is used to soak the thread before weaving material. To achieve this, the cloth is treated in the solution of surface active substances with the aid of soda and rinsed several times. It is obvious that the nature and structure of fibers contain variety of polymer, so the process of dying and polishing differs completely. To prepare fabrics produced from the mixture of those fibers special condition that is suitable for the features of both fibers which ensures qualified coloring is required. Certainly, the condition of process is also linked to the component of substances and features of fabric in textile process. In practice, the amount of starch that is used for fabrics with mixed fibers consists of 6-8 %. To clean
the fabrics from that it should become water-soluble in alkaline condition, afterwards it excludes from the fabrics through the rinsing process. The feature of textile materials obtained from the mixture of those fibers varies according to the nature of fiber.
Types and ratio of fiber components in the mixture that makes up textile material defines the range of usage and is regarded as a basic factor in organizing recycling technologies. As chemical polishing technologies of materials containing different fiber are available, manufacturing problem of products which can meet the demands of consumers is tackled. But, the condition ofproduction cannot be utilized on polishing of mixed fiber materials because not only the nature and structure of mixed fibers but also ratio of fibers should be taken into consideration by a machine. It is known that, the process of mercerizing cotton fiber is performed under the influence of highly concentrated corrode alkali. In this condition, to prevent polyether fiber from changing its traits technology through which the process of mercerizing with the aid of reducers is done has been studied. To bleach fabrics made of the mixture of cotton and polyether fibers, alkali concentration and process temperature are paid a special attention. Through the surveyschances ofbleach-ing the cotton with the presence of hydrogen peroxide in neutral environment is learned. In published works the possibility of getting positive results from the method of polishing through the combination of hypochlorite
and peroxide and with the presence of complex creator with the mixture of cotton and polyether fiber fabrics is shown. When polishing process is performed according to this method silicate sediment is not produced, high quality whiteness is obtained, fabrics coloring improves. Simple and economical methods to bleach cotton based products have been suggested. This method can also be applied to compounds of cotton and polyether fibers, Classic method of bleaching solution of cotton made materials differ from composition of alkali processing solution which leads synthetic fibers to destruction. Developed technology of bleaching fabrics without deterioration of the mechanical properties achieved a sufficient degree of whiteness. In recent years, to carry out the structure of cotton and synthetic fiber textile materials in a soft condition continuously a special attention has been paid.
Object and research method
Material consisting polyether and cotton ratio in unequal degree is the object of investigation and is made up through cotton and polyether fibers (South Korea, formed in production of polyether chips) Cotton and polyether fibers made of a mixture of textile materials, the two-step method of polishing is needed. Indicators of quality prepared polishing materials are identified through capillarity, whiteness degree and physic-mechanic traits.
Achieving results and discussion
It is known that, preparation fabrics for dying and polishing includes the processes of cleaning and constant rate of bleaching. In the basis of these processes there is colloid-chemical process with presence of surface active substances, because hydrophobic greasy water insoluble featured substances are excluded through the help of surface active substances which have emulsion capabilities. Starch and natural coloring substances are dissolved with the aid ofselected from the special structure oxidizers and through the rinsing process will be disposed of. But in this processes avoiding the destruction of basic polyether is required.
To work out the ratio condition of boiling process, achievement of high capillarity in mixed fiber thread and fabric is regarded as a boundary task. The boiling process of mixed fiber fabric is held by dimming in the solution containing hydroxide-25, natrium silicate (d = l/44)-3, 38 % of NaHSO3-2, CAM-1 for 5 minutes at up to 70 °C. Then the material will be squeezed up to 130 % and evaporated at 100 °C for an hour, then be rinsed with cold as well as hot water. Acquired results are demonstrated in fig. 1.
»
o ---1-----i
S 15 30 eo
duration, min
Fig. 1. The link between capillaries and the length of boiling process. Thread structure, cotton fiber: 1 — 80/40; 3 — 40/60; 4 — 20/80. It can be seen that capillarity of mixed fiber thread increases accordingly as amount of synthetic increases.
Samples of cotton and polyether fibers used to obtain mixed fiber prepared separately in the same boiling condition and the capillarity has been checked
ft 48 » « 80
duration, min
Fig. 2. The impact of boiling process upon cotton and polyether fibers: 1 — cotton, 2 — polyether
In the second figure it can be seen that the samples of boiled in separate conditions show the same results as above. It can be explained through the thread structure. Emptiness will be created as cotton fiber rotates freely around polyether fiber while weaving thread. Besides when mutual pushing occurs between synthetic and polyether fibers in the weaving machine this also leads to the space manifestation. Such spaces in thread weaved from cotton fiber are scarce. Rooting in the literature facts spaces among fibers can have more impact upon liquid absorbing process in preference to capillaries.
The nature of fiber also has something to do with liquid absorbing process. Hydrophilic — water goes up to the fiber through the reaction between physic-chemical and polymer instead of going up mechanically, in case
of polyether fiber it occurs conversely, that is liquid pen- amount of synthetic fiber increases, the value of capillar-etrates in spaces between fibers according to physic law ies grows. Next surveys were conducted on learning how without getting absorbed mechanically. That's why as the to boil mixed fiber fabrics.
Table 1. - Connection between capillarity of mixed fiber fabric and the length of boiling process
Duration Capillarity mm/hour
Min Samples, cotton/polyether, %
75/25 57/43 44/56
100/0 warp - 55/45 warp and warp - 55/45
weft - 0/100 weft - 57/43 weft - 89/11
5 30 89 98 98
10 95 119 127 132
15 112 139 150 156
30 135 160 180 190
60 140 162 180 191
From the experiment in the fig. 1 it can be observed that, researches on boiling thread show repeatable results. That is, capillarity of fabric made of100 % cotton is lower compared to the capillarity of mixed fiber fabric. But fabric capillarity which consists of rope thread with 100 % polyether fiber and basic thread with 55 % cotton and 45 % polyether fiber is lower than the one with mixture of basic and rope thread. So, it is possible to achieve the capillarity when the liquid runs through the spaces ofthread and fiber capillaries. Obtained results can be utilized on planning the polishing process of mixed fiber fabrics. Namely, polishing process consists of 4 steps: the first is color diffusion toward fiber. The second step is color-molecule toward fiber sorption. By providing these two steps running in a short time opportunity to accelerate polishing process of textile fabrics will emerge.
In the boiling step of preparation natural color substances in fiber and colored pigment used while weaving process don't fade away, consequently they grant particular image to fabric. Increasing the rate of whiteness in fabrics that are meant to be used only in white appearance and the ones which should be bleached is required. Fabrics should be treated with oxidizer decays in order to achieve this. In industry peroxide, sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite are widely used as oxidizers. Each oxidizer has its own pros and cons. This matter has caused a lot of surveys as a result hydrogen peroxide is promoted in production. Taking these facts in to consideration we found this oxidizer the most suitable. Its mechanism of oxidizing performance can be explained as follows. Hydrogen peroxide is dissociated in PH 10.5-11.0 diffusive environment in order to create per hydronium ion.
H2O2 + OH- <=> HOO- + H2O.
This ion has the capability of destroying natural and synthetic pigmentof fiber. Temporary hydro peroxide
bleaching on boiled materials is done at 85-90 °C for 2 hours in the solution that includes components hydroperoxide 100 %, sodium hydroxide - 8, sodium silicate (d = 1.44) - 14, CAM-1. In this bath module is 50, after the process materials were washed with cold and hot water. Results are given in fig. 3, 4.
Fig. 3. Level of whiteness of fixed fiber fabrics. Cotton/Polyether: 1 - 100/0; 2 - 75/25; 3 - 57/43; 4 - 44/56
Fig. 4. Level of whiteness of mixed fiber thread's sample. Cotton/Polyether: 1 - 100/0; 2 - 80/20;
3 - 60/40; 4 - 40/60; 5 - 20/80; 6 - 0/100.
Result of experiments shown in diagram match with laws on bleaching textile materials. By treating row fabric or yarn with alkaline solution demand level of constant whiteness can be achieved. Comparison of
whiteness raw and processed materials made of poly-ether fiber it can be seen that whiteness of raw material is as in a good quality as it is in ready one, but as the level of cotton share decreases whiteness of material increases inversely proportionally. So when bleaching or coloring mixed fiber textile material with bright colors is needed, bleaching process isn't necessarily needs to be implemented separately. Mercerization process is performed in order to improve consumer property of fabric containing cotton and polyether fiber. When
mercerized cotton fiber based mixed fiber fabrics proper condition which prevents synthetic forming from being destructed have to be chosen. Polyether fiber which is one of the components of the mixture is not resistant to caustic alkalis effect under high temperature condition. But as mercerizing process generally occurs with the omission of heat the process is implemented at 15-20 °C. According to the information above alkali concentration effect upon durability of mercerized fiber is learned.
Table 2. - Link between durability of mixed fiber fabric and alkali concentration
Alkali concentration Samples, Cotton/Polyether, %
100/0 75/25 warp - 55/45 weft - 0/100 57/43 warp and weft - 57/43 44/56 warp - 55/45 weft - 89/11
the strengt i of a delay
200 531.23 579.81 576.78 576.53
220 551.23 580.23 572.58 570.35
260 568.78 579.91 568.27 565.27
280 570.54 577.25 565.27 560.09
300 570.96 576.68 537.80 523.70
As alkaline concentration increases in mercerization solution the strength of delay of samples containing polyether fiber will decrease. As cotton fiber increases fiber durability grows proportionally in value. It occurs because changes in morphology and molecular structure of cotton fiber influence it. During mercerization process fiber absorbs liquid to excess resulting in its walls get thick,
consequently diameter of fiber streams diminish. As a result cotton fiber alters its ribbon like shape to cylinder shape. It is obvious in mercerization process cotton hygroscopic rises. When studied the affect of alkaline concentration upon mixed fiber fabric hygroscopic it shows that indicator of concentration lower 220 is incompatible with purpose.
Table 3. - Link between mixed fiber fabric capillarity and alkaline concentration
Alkaline concentration Samples, Cotton, Polyether, %
100/0 75/25 warp - 55/45 weft - 0/100 57/43 warp and weft - 57/43 44/56 warp - 55/45 weft - 89/11
Capillarity, mm/hour
200 150 170 179 188
220 160 196 210 218
260 165 200 227 230
280 166 220 230 235
300 168 225 232 238
Growth in mercerized fabric durability and hygroscopic terms can be explained as follows. As a result of processing upon cellulose with concentrated alkaline solution and rinsing it with water leads primarily changing gradually into alkaline cellulose, later into hydrocellulose. Such modification in cellulose without affecting to its chemical structure can have significant impact upon molecular structure. At first decrystallization occurs in cellulose, that is its amorphous part increases up to 10-20 %, instead of cellulose 1 new crystal typed
cellulose 2 emerges. While conversion from cellulose 1 to cellulose 2, slight changes can be observed in multilink configuration of macromolecular elements. Pyran rings in cellulose 1 placed fluently, some of the hydroxyl groups are interconnected through hydrogen ties. In cellulose 2 pyran rings are placed relatively at 90 °C to each other. Consequently intermolecular hydrogen ties destroy and cellulose amorphous rises, this leads to grow in reaction and sorption capability of cotton fiber. Shown changes in mercerization process occur only on the sur-
face because of the law temperature and speed, that's why and whiteness of the fabric. Conducting mercer process
fiber durability doesn't weaken. which mixture makes 220 g/l in these conditions, in-
Resume. This article shows that mixed yarns and creasing the positive influence in order to receive the
fabrics which were done by two ways for preparing to fine threads not allowing its negative influence for fabrics
cloth finishing must have been achieved the fineness have been determined in the article.
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