CC BY
10
Section 11. Medicine
Isaev Ilshod Sultanovich, assistant, of the Department of public health and health management of the Tashkent pediatric medical Institute E-mail: baron-codli@mail.ru
STUDYING STATE OF HEALTH OF CHILDREN OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
Abstract: This article presents the study which aims to develop recommendations for improving treatment and preventive care for children of the first year of life on the basis of a comprehensive study of health and lifestyle. To achieve this goal, risk factors for morbidity and mortality in children in the first year of life were identified. Keywords: Health care, children, morbidity, preventive care, life-style.
Relevance. Children's first year life mortality - one of the main demographic indicators of population health determining the genesis and labor potential of future generations of the country and being at the same time the important indicator of social and economic living conditions of society and quality of a medical care to women and children. Body height of a case rate, augmentation of a share of the children who are often ill in structure of a case rate in many countries, are bound by most of authors to changes of conditions and a way of life of families. The foundation of health is laid in the childhood. The child - difficult, multilateral, object of knowledge. He is very sensitive to external influences.
The world health organization defines the protection of children's health from the moment of their birth ("a healthy start to life") as one of the main problems [3].
Statistical monitoring of reproductive and perinatal health characteristics in Russia over 20 years revealed heterogeneity and inequality of parameters of population reproduction and health indicators of children born in these years [4].
Despite the undoubted positive changes in the system of mother and child health protection in recent years, the problem of "healthy start of life" remains extremely relevant. The decrease in the level of viability of the offspring at all stages of its development is primarily due to the extremely high level of pathology of pregnancy and childbirth.
In the Russian Federation, for example, there is a tendency to increase in the incidence of young children, deterioration of their physical and neuropsychological health. The leading causes are adverse socio-economic and environmental factors, as well as the deterioration of the health of parents and newborns. In these conditions, the preservation of the health of the offspring is a priority of social policy and a factor of national security of our country.
The effectiveness ofdisease prevention is largely determined by the allocation ofthe leading risk factors ofsocial and hygienic nature and a comprehensive approach to solving problems. For the development of scientifically based recommendations for
the improvement of young children it is necessary to establish relationships between their health indicators and modern socio-hygienic, as well as medical and biological risk factors. However, the role of some of them in shaping the health of children in modern conditions is unclear, particularly in a metropolis.
The analysis of modern literature shows that the rational feeding of newborns and children of the first year of life remains one of the main factors of health formation and is the leading section of preventive-the work of medical institutions [2]. At the same time, studies have not assessed the impact of breastfeeding on the development and health of the child during the first year of life.
The relevance of a research is caused also by the fact that children in the Republic ofUzbekistan make about a third ofthe population and of their health the future of the nation depends.
Purpose and research problems. The purpose of the real social and hygienic research is development of references on improvement of the treatment-and-prophylactic help to children of the first year of life on the basis of complex studying of the state of health and an image of their life. For achievement of this purpose it is necessary to tap risk factors of a case rate and mortality of children of the first year of life. Approach to the choice of an object of a research is based on the known risk factors of a case rate and causes of death of children of the first year of life. As the number of these factors is very appreciable, it is necessary to survey on what of them expediently to lean at selection of the studied group of children for studying of influence of a way of life, the diagnosis on a case rate or causes of death of children.
Materials and methods. From our point of view, it is possible to approach their identification in two ways: by carrying out a retrospective research with use of an analytical method and by prospective studying of the risk groups selected taking into account the known factors.
Result and discussions. According to us, for selection surveyed groups for the purpose of perspective studying of influence of a way of life on health of children, it is possible to
STUDYING STATE OF HEALTH OF CHILDREN OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
use such factors as age of mother (up to 20 years), the body weight of the child at the birth (till 1500 g), sex of the child, sequence of the birth of the child.
Body height of a case rate, augmentation of a share of the children who are often ill in structure of a case rate in many countries, are bound by most of authors to changes of conditions and a way of life of families. Studying of interaction of health and a way of life with use of the multifactorial analysis can make an essential contribution to development and to improvement of system of primary and secondary prophylaxis of children.
Comparison of risk factors of a case rate and mortality of children and their interaction as the reasons and the investigation at various approaches to the choice of an object a research will allow with sufficient reliability to define the most essential factors and their adverse combinations and to develop on this basis of the reference on primary prophylaxis of a case rate of children, and secondary prophylaxis of causes of death of children.
According to a research now the mortality of children of the first year of life in Uzbekistan makes 11,3 on 1000 liveborn. Following the results of 2015 the level of an infantile mortality in Uzbekistan was 11,4 cases on one thousand children aged up to one year against 16,7 cases in 2002. Rate of depression for the last half a year was 13%. At the same time from the states arising in the perinatal period 53,5% of newborns,
died of illnesses of respiratory organs - 24,4%, of congenital anomalies - 10,2%, of infectious diseases and injuries - 5,6%.
Approaches to the choice of an object of a research for studying of a way of life on health of children of the first year of life can be various, and each approach according to us, advantage and disadvantages has a series. Elimination of these disadvantages can be promoted by a combination of separate approaches, each of which assumes the decision separate tasks. An integrated approach to the choice of an object of a research on opinion us, gives the chance to obtain more informative data.
For development concrete references for family and treatment and prevention facilities on formation and education of the healthy child it is necessary not only to tap risk factors of health of children, but also to carefully study the contingent of sick children and feature of work of out-patient and polyclinic and stationary institutions, interrelation, and continuity in performing primary and secondary prevention of a case rate of children by them.
Conclusions. Thus, integrated approach and use of the principles evidential medicine to studying of health of children of the first year of life in interaction with factors of a way of life, will allow to receive, the most reliable data about the state of health and the influencing risk factors, to develop scientifically based references on primary and secondary prophylaxis of diseases, causes of death of children of the first year of life.
References:
1. Asadov D. A., Ismailov S. I., Durmanov B. D. Problems of primary registration of a case rate and way of its improvement // Problem of social hygiene, organization of health care and history of medicine.- 2006.- No. 3.- P. 32-38.
2. Avezova G. S. The social hygienic aspects of the formation of health of children under three years: med. candidate of sciences, diss. ... autoreference.- T.,-2012.-21 p.
3. Mamatkulov B. M., La Marthe, Rakhmanova N. A. Clinical epidemiolgiya. Fundamentals of evidential medicine: manual.-T.,- 2011.- 223 p.
4. Mamatkulov B. M., Avezova G. S., Kosimova D. A. Use of evidence-based medicine methods in the study of children's health and risk factors: Scientific and methodological guidance.- T.,- 2011.- 15 p.
