STUDY THE EFFECT OF PRE-SOWING ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENTS ON LABORATORY GERMINATION VIGOR AND GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF BULGARIAN TRITICALE VARIETIES Текст научной статьи по специальности «Электротехника, электронная техника, информационные технологии»

AGRICULTURE

STUDY THE EFFECT OF PRE-SOWING ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENTS ON LABORATORY GERMINATION VIGOR AND GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF BULGARIAN TRITICALE VARIETIES

PhD, assoc. Prof., Sirakov K.1 DSc, Prof., Stoilova A.2 Muhova A.2 PhD, Prof., Palov Iv.1, Assistant Stefanova Dobreva St.2

1Bulgaria, Rousse, Rousse University "Angel Kanchev", 2Bulgaria, Chirpan, Institute of Field Crops

Abstract. It was revealed a possibility for positive pre-sowing electromagnetic impact on triticale seeds of three Bulgarian varieties: Boomerang, Colorit and Respect.

It was found different effect on the seeds of studied varieties at the same values of controllable factors ofpre-sowing treatments (voltage between electrodes U,kV; duration of treatment %s and duration ofstay T, days from the impact to placing the seeds (samples) in thermostat.

Regression equations for the laboratory germination vigor and germination of seeds of the tree triticale varieties were found. Based on them the surfaces and lines of response ofvarieties were built.

To obtain a stimulating electromagnetic treatment for the laboratory germination vigor and germination of seeds specific values of controllable factors of impact were offered for the three triticale varieties.

Keywords: pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment, triticale seeds, germination vigor, germination

INTRODUCTION

Triticale is an artificial hybrid of wheat and rye. Its name derives from the fusion of the Latin names triticum (wheat) and secale (rye). It combines the high productive potential and good qualities of bread wheat with reduced requirements to soils and flexibility to weather conditions, and weeds [6]. It is used for animal feed but increasingly finds application as bread culture - for production mainly of dietetic foods.

Described shows a great future of this cereal culture.

In Ruse University "A. Kanchev" and in the Institute of Field Crops in Chirpan studies on the effect of pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments on seeds of grain cereals were carried out. The values of controllable factors contributing to a positive impact on the seeds were established.

In terms of pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments triticale is a new culture, which seeds to have been treated in such a way till now is not known.

The aim of this study was to explore the possibilities of pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments for a stimulating impact on the laboratory germination vigor and germination of triticale seeds.

OBJECT AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Subjects of the study were the laboratory germination vigor and germination of seeds of three Bulgarian triticale varieties: Boomerang, Respect and Colorit. Pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments were carried out with the device [5] which showed improved results after treatment of seeds of maize and wheat.

Electromechanical device [5] is a modified screw conveyor whose parts - screw and casing were selected as electrodes which were electrically separated. To a screw is fed increased AC voltage (with a frequency of 50Hz), while the metal casing of the screw, which is electrically insulated from its inner side, is connected to the working and safety zero of the power supply.

During the transportation, into the screw device, seeds have experienced the impact of electromagnetic field created between the metal screw and electrically isolated jacket.

As controllable factors of impact were used [1,3,7]: supplied to the electrodes increased voltage U,kV and duration of exposure x,s. Pre-sowing electromagnetic treated seeds were left for a stay T, days and then were set to germinate in thermostat using a standard methodology.

Pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment was performed by three-factor experiment and by symmetrical compositional plan type B3 [2]. The values of controllable factors and their respective

levels of variation are shown in Table 1. These values were consistent with the previous ones used in the treatment of wheat [1].

Table 1. Values of the controllable factors and their respective levels of variation of pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments of triticale seeds

Controllable factors of impact Levels of the controllable factors

High Mean Low

Voltage, U xi +1 5kV 0 3kV -1 1kV

Duration of treatment, x x2 +1 50s 0 30s -1 10s

Stay up to sowing, T x3 +1 21days 0 14days -1 7days

Seeds of Boomerang variety were electromagnetic treated on 16.11.2015, of Colorit - on 17.11.2015 and of Respect - on 18.11.2015.

Seeds of each variety were placed in thermostat on the 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively after the treatment.

On the 4th day of the seeds stay in thermostat the germination vigor (g.v.) was recorded and on the 7th day - their laboratory germination (g.).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The experimental plan and results obtained for the seed laboratory germination vigor and germination, in percentage to the control (%/c) of each variety are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Results from the studies of laboratory germination vigor and germination of electromagnetic treated seeds of triticale varieties: Boomerang, Colorit and Respect, in % compared to their respective controls (%/c), 2015

Variant No. Controllable factors Germination vigor (g.v.) and germination (g.) of seeds of the variety:

U X T Boomerang Colorit Respect

- kV - s - Days g.v.,%/c g., %/c g.v.,%/c g., %/c g.v.,%/c g., %/c

1 1 5 1 50 1 21 101,0 103,7 100,6 98,1 102,3 103,2

2 -1 1 1 50 1 21 101,8 105,9 102,0 100,9 101,6 104,7

3 1 5 -1 10 1 21 101,0 104,4 101,3 102,0 100,9 108,4

4 -1 1 -1 10 1 21 100,3 103,7 102,0 99,9 102,3 106,2

5 1 5 1 50 -1 7 99,7 105,6 100,0 96,7 101,0 103,9

6 -1 1 1 50 -1 7 99,7 101,1 99,4 94,6 102,3 103,2

7 1 5 -1 10 -1 7 99,7 103,3 100,0 95,4 101,6 101,7

8 -1 1 -1 10 -1 7 103,1 104,4 100,7 98,5 102,3 98,4

9 1 5 0 30 0 14 101,8 101,1 101,3 100,2 100,2 104,7

10 -1 1 0 30 0 14 101,0 106,0 100,7 95,4 98,2 102,5

11 0 3 1 50 0 14 102,4 97,8 99,3 94,6 100,2 103,9

12 0 3 -1 10 0 14 102,4 101,1 99,3 98,8 97,5 105,0

13 0 3 0 30 1 21 101,0 106,7 101,3 101,7 101,6 100,3

14 0 3 0 30 -1 7 101,8 103,3 100,7 98,2 100,2 101,0

The reported values of the resulting laboratory germination vigor and germination of control (untreated) seeds are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Results from the studies of laboratory germination energy and germination of control seeds of observed triticale varieties in 2015

Triticale variety: Boomerang Colorit Respect

Germination vigor, % 97,0 98,0 97,8

Germination, % 90,0 95,1 90,4

From the Table 2 it can conclude that at the same values of controllable factors of pre-sowing treatments different impact on the seeds of the three studied varieties was produced. For example,

treatment of seeds of Boomerang variety with values of factors of variant 8 (U=5kV, x=10s and T=7days) contributed to increase of germination vigor by 103.1%/control and laboratory germination -by 104.4%/control.

Increasing the germination vigor of seeds shows that after their pre-sowing treatment and a relevant stay they were activated to a greater extent compared to the control ones and had more accelerated growth.

With the exception of variant 11, where seed laboratory germination of Boomerang variety was 97.8%/control, in all other variants of treatment of seeds of this variety, laboratory germination improvement - in that with values (101.1 ... 106 7) %/control was marked.

It may note that g=106,7 %/control was obtained for the variety Boomerang at variant of treatment 13, which was under the mean levels of controllable factors, namely: U=3kV, x=30s and T=21 days. The situation was similar to the variant 10 (U=1kV, x=30s and T=14 days), where g=106,0 %/control.

Observations on the seeds of Colorit variety showed that at mean (T=14 days) and lower (T=7 days) levels of the factor stay T days from the treatment to their betting in thermostat suppression of laboratory germination of seeds was observed. Its values (according to Table 2) were within the range (94,5 .. .98,8) %/control.

The highest laboratory germination (g=102,0 %/control) for the seeds of Colorit variety was found for the option 3: U=5kV, x=10s and T=21days.

Under the same controllable factors after treatment of Respect variety seeds a positive impact on their germination was found as a rule. With the exception of option 8, where seed germination was up to 98,4 %/control, in the other variants of treatment it was in the range of 100,3 %/conrol (for the option 13) to 108,4 %/control (for the option 3). For the option 3 the controllable factors had values: U=5kV, x=10s and T=21days.

Described different impact of controllable factors could be explained by the peculiarities of tested triticale varieties.

According to the obtained values (Yi) for the laboratory germination vigor and germination of

seeds of the three tested triticale varieties shown in Table 2 and according to selected plan of the experiment B3 have been found the relevant equations of regression of the type [2]:

o o o oo oo oo ° ° °

Y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2+b3 x3+bl 2 x X2 + bi3 xi X3 + b23 X2 x3 + bll x + b22 X2 + b33 X3 (1)

Equation (1) expresses the relationship of laboratory germination vigor or germination (which are in % to the control) from the combination of various factors (voltage U of treatment - factor X1 ,

o o

duration x of impact - factor x2 and duration of stay T till betting the seeds in thermostat - factor x3 )

o o o o o o

and their interactions: x • X , X • X , X • X , x\ , xl and x3. Found equations are as follows: For the laboratory germination vigor (g.v.): for the seeds of Boomerang variety

YBg„ = 102,184 - 0,268 x - 0,196 x2 + 0,124 x + 0,245 x X + 0,425 X X + 0,606 X X - 0,793 x[ + 0,187 X^ - 0,793 X2 .

for the seeds of Colorit variety

Y = 100,281 -0,163x- 0,204x + 0,653x3 + 0,077xx"0,255XX + 0,077XX + 0,740x2~0,995x2~0,740x2 ■

(3)

for the seeds of Respect variety

Y R g v = 98,609 - 0,072 x + 0,286 x2 + 0,123 xx3 + 0,192 x^2 + 0,166 x^3 + 0,166 x2 x3 + 0,607 x? + 0,249 x22 + 2,295 x32 ^^

For the laboratory germination (g.): for the seeds of Boomerang variety

= 101,993 - 0,300 ^ - 0,300 x2 + 0,656 x3 + 0,319 x x2 - 0,597 xl x3 + 0,319x2 x3 +1,563 xf - 2,549xf + 3,007 xf .

for the seeds of Colorit variety:

Y^ = 98,101 + 0,305 x - 0,957 x2 +1,914 x3 + 0,039 x x2 + 0,039 x1 x3 - 0,039 x2 x3 - 0,309 xf -1,360 xf +1,847 xf .

for the seeds of Respect variety

(7)

According to Fisher's criterion the found equations (2)...(7) are adequate and have significant values of the controllable factors (based on Student's criterion) [2].

Of the equations for the laboratory germination vigor it may be noted that as a rule the equations signs in front of the coefficients of controllable factors are equal.

According to the described above the coefficient b0 for the variety Boomerang is the highest b0 =102,184 - equation (2). This high value means that if all influencing factors are on their mean level, this will help for increasing of germination vigor by 2,84 % /control.

The suppressive effect of the same factors at the same levels of variation on the seeds of Respect variety can be established by that, the coefficient b0 in (4) is the smallest compared to the

corresponding coefficients in (2) and (3), i.e. b0 =98,609. The situation is valid and for the coefficient b0 = 98,101 for the germination in equation (6).

Observations of equations and their signs in front of the relevant coefficients for the seed germination show that for the first two factors for the variety Boomerang it follows to reduce the values of controllable factors: voltage and duration of impact. Signs in front of the coefficients b and b2 are negative. For the case these coefficients have value: -0,300.

Although the coefficients in front of the coded two factors x1 and x2 , for the seeds germination of Respect variety are small, from (7) can be established that they have high values of their interactions, so the coefficient b12 =-0,788 and b13 =-0,429. This means that it must be performed a combination of the values of these two factors (voltage between the electrodes U and duration of impact x, s) which can be determined from the constructed and shown below surfaces and lines of response.

These surfaces and lines of response allow the assessment of the impact and interaction between factors on the laboratory germination vigor and germination of seeds.

Found surfaces and lines of response were compiled according to [2], the software product Statistics 8 [8] and the composed equations of regression for the laboratory germination vigor (2).. .(4) and germination (5)...(7).

Peculiarity is that the surfaces (for instance on fig.1.a) and lines (for instance on fig.1.b) of

o o o

response are built after consistently exclusion of each of the factors x1 , x2 and x3, while the other two

factors vary between proposed levels in Table 2. As the number of controllable factors is three, 3 surfaces and 3 lines of response of the laboratory germination vigor and germination are produced and analyzed for each triticale variety. It is known the existence of correlation between the quadratic

members xf of the equation (1). With the exclusion of some of the quadratic members it is necessary

to calculate again the remaining coefficients of the model (1). It should be noted that this calculation changes only the values of a free member and not-excluded quadratic members.

Study on the laboratory germination vigor and germination of seeds of the variety Boomerang: The effects (YBigv in %/control) of the impact of pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments of

seeds of the variety Boomerang on the laboratory germination vigor were obtained by the model (2) in the following cases:

. 2

. 2

2

= 102,513 + 0,697 x - 0,077 x2 +1,449 x3 - 0,788 x x2 - 0,429 x x3 -1,700 x2 x3 +1,099 x{ +1,984x22 -1,887 x32

Case 1 - in which the factor x3 - duration of stay T till placing the samples in thermostat was excluded. Then the following equation of the surface of response was obtained - g.v.:

YBl = 101,880 - 0,268 x - 0,196 x2 + 0,245 x x2 + 0,975 x? + 0,004 x22

(8)

Case 2 - the factor x - applied between the electrodes voltage U was excluded and the following equation of the surface of response was obtained - g.v.:

B2 g.v.

= 101,880 - 0,196 x + 0,124 x3 + 0,606 x2 x3 + 0,004 xf - 0,975 xf

(9)

Case 3 - the factor x2 - duration of the electromagnetic impact x was excluded and the resulting equation of the surface of response was - g.v.:

o o o o ° °

YB3g ^ = 102,256 - 0,268x + 0,124 x3 + 0,425 x x3- 0,749 x* - 0,749 x32 (10)

Found surfaces and lines of response of germination vigor are not shown here. Their analysis and analysis of the equations (8), (9) and (10) show that it is possible to obtain an increase in the laboratory germination vigor of triticale seeds higher than 2% (the variety Boomerang). This can be

0 o o

done at values of the factors: x =(-0,6...0,2), x2 =(-1,2...-0,6) and x3 =(-0,5...0,2). Then the values

of factors in natural units will be: U=(0,4...3,4)kV, x=(6...22)s, and T»(10...15)days.

The analysis of the type of resulting surfaces and lines of response (not shown all here), and the resulting values of variation of the three controllable factors, in which it is expected to increase the germination vigor shows that: to increase the germination vigor (over 2%) of triticale seeds (the variety Boomerang) the controllable factors must be selected within: u=(3...1,5)kV, x=(12...6)s, and T=(17...10)days.

Study on the laboratory germination (g.) of seeds of the variety Boomerang: Performed by the model (5) in the following cases:

Case 1 - here the factor x3 - duration of stay T till betting samples in thermostat was excluded. Then the following equation of the surface of response was obtained - g.:

Ym = 103,150 - 0,300 x - 0,300 x2 + 0,319x x2 + 2,256 xf -1,855 x22

(11)

Built on (11) surfaces and lines of response of the laboratory germination in case 1 are shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 1. Surfaces (a) and lines (b) of response of laboratory germination of triticale seeds, the variety Boomerang, where the impact of factor x3 (T) was excluded

Of Figure 1 it can be noted that for all values of controllable factors the germination of treated seeds will be higher than that of control seeds in the range (1...up to more than 6)%.

Can be found that the laboratory germination of seeds is possible to increase by over 6% if

used controllable factors have values xx =(-1,1...-1,2), т.е. U=(0,8..,0,6)kV or xx =(1,1...1,2), i.e.

U=(5,2...5,4)kV and x2 =(0,45.-0,80), i.e. x=(39.. ,16)s orx2 =(0,7.0,8) x=( 44...46)s.

Indicated limits of the controllable factor voltage between the electrodes U=(0,8... 0,6)kV could not be perceived because it was found that at these values is not possible to obtain corona discharge with sufficient intensity, and on the seeds only the current conduction will act.

Case 2 for the laboratory germination of triticale seeds, the variety Boomerang:

Here the factor x - applied between the electrodes voltage U was excluded. Then the following equation of the surface of response was obtained - g.

Ymg = 102,594 - 0,300 x2 + 0,656 x3 + 0,319 ^ ^ - 2,188 x] + 3,368 x]

(12)

The constructed surfaces and lines of response of the laboratory germination from the case 2 are illustrated in Figure 2.

a) b)

Fig. 2. Surfaces (a) and lines (b) of response of laboratory germination of triticale seeds, the variety Boomerang, where the impact of factor voltage (U) was excluded

Of the figure 2a and figure 2b can be established that in general after pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments the seed laboratory germination could be increased by over 8%/control. Moreover, and according to Figure 2 there are two maximums.

O 0

One of them (called for the case - a) is for the limits x2 =(0,7.-0,7) and x3 =(1,1.1,2), and

O O

the other (for the case - b) x2 =(0,4.-0,7) h x3 =(-1,1.-1,2). Brought into natural units the factors

values look like thus: for the case a x'=(44...16)s, and T'=(21,7.22,4) days and for the case b x''=(38...16)s and T'' =(6,3.5,6) days.

Case 3 _ for the laboratory germination of triticale seeds, the variety Boomerang:

Here the factor x2 - duration of the impact x was excluded. Then the resulting equation of the surface of response of laboratory germination was of the type:

lB3 g.

= 101,013 - 0,300 x + 0,656 x - 0,597 x x3 + 0,974 x] + 2,419 x]

(13)

Based on the equation (13) constructed surface and lines of response of laboratory germination are shown in Figure 3.

a)

Fig. 3. Surfaces (a) and lines (b) of response of laboratory germination of triticale seeds, the variety Boomerang, where the impact of factor x2 (t) was excluded

From the figure 3 it may be noted that there are three outlined areas wherein the laboratory germination increase can be expected to be more than 6% compared to the control. One of the characteristic

o o

areas is within the range of variation ofthe factors: Xj = (0,4...-1,2) and x3 = (0,7...1,2).

In natural units, these factors look like thus: U=(3,8...5,4)kV and T=(18,9...22,4) days.

From the equations (11)...(13) may be noted that if all used up to now controllable factors are on their mean level, the laboratory germination of treated seeds will be within the limits: (101,013.103,150) %/control compared to that of control/untreated triticale seeds, the variety Boomerang.

The results of the studies for increasing the germination vigor after pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments show that it is possible by over 2%. At the same time from the conducted studies it is found that in the above described values of controllable factors it is possible to increase the laboratory germination of seeds of Boomerang variety by over 6%.

In the above sense, future researches with pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments on the laboratory germination vigor and germination of triticale seeds, the variety Boomerang, should be carried out at values of controllable factors in the limits: voltage between electrodes U=(5,2...5,4)kV, duration of treatment )=(16...44)s, and duration of stay from the treatment to betting of samples T=(21...22) days.

Study on the laboratory germination vigor and germination of seeds of the variety Colorit: The same experiments were carried out with triticale seeds of the variety Colorit as were with the seeds of Boomerang variety.

The analysis of laboratory results and drawn surfaces and lines of response (not shown here) of laboratory germination vigor of seeds of the variety Colorit show that and for this variety there is a possibility it to be increase by more than 2%.

Of the study of laboratory germination, it was found that after appropriate selection of controllable factors of impact, it could be increased by more than 6% over the control. This is confirmed by the constructed surfaces and lines of response (not shown) of laboratory germination.

Below are shown the established equations of surfaces and lines of response - laboratory germination. In general, they coincide with each other in the individual cases:

For the case 1 the factor x3 - duration of stay T was excluded:

Yclg = 98,811 + 0,305 x - 0,975 x2 + 0,039 x X + °>177 x2 " 0,934 x2

(14)

For the case 2 the factor xl - the voltage U applied between the electrodes was excluded. Then the resulting equation was of the following type:

Yc2g. = 97,982 - 0,957 x2 + 1,914 x3 - 0,039 x2 x3 -1,432 x22 +1,776 x32

(15)

For the case 3 the factor x2 - duration of the impact x was excluded:

YC3g. = 97,577 + 0,305 x +1,914 x + 0,039 xx " 0,623 x2 + 1,533 x2 (16)

The analysis of the resulting equations and consequently surfaces and lines of response (not shown here) of laboratory germination showed that compared with the variety Boomerang, for the variety Colorit, at the same values of controllable factors of impact the pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment of seeds had more depressing impact.

From the equations (l4)...(16) it may be noted that if all used up to now controllable factors were on its mean level, than the laboratory germination of treated seed will be within the limits: (97,577.98,811)%/control compared to that of controls/untreated triticale seeds, the variety Colorit.

After analyzing the equations (14...16) and the respective surfaces and lines of response (which were not shown here) could be offered the following values of controllable factors of pre-sowing impact on triticale seed, the variety Colorit: voltage between the electrodes U=(5,4 or 3)kV; duration of the electromagnetic impact x=(20 or 34)s; duration of stay from the treatment till betting the samples in thermostat T=(20 or 34)days.

At the described values of controllable factors is expected laboratory germination to increase up to more than 3%. Taking into account that the laboratory germination of control/untreated triticale seeds, the variety Colorit was 95.1%, is expected it to be 98.1% after the pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments.

Study on the laboratory germination vigor and germination of seeds of the variety Respect:

The analysis of the resulting laboratory results and drawn surfaces and lines of response of laboratory germination vigor shows that there is a possibility for its increase within (2...3)%.

Of the examination the laboratory germination it was found that with appropriate selection of controllable factors of impact, it can be increased to above (6...8)% over the control. This follows from the built surfaces and lines of response (not shown) of laboratory germination.

In general, the found equations (17)...(19) of the surfaces and lines of response - laboratory germination coincide each other in the individual cases:

For the case 1 the factor x3 - duration of stay T was excluded:

o o o o ° °

Ymg = 101,788 + 0,697x + 0,0077x2-0,788x X + 0,664x2 +1,548x22 ^ 1 ^

For the case 2 the factor x - the voltage U applied between the electrodes was excluded. Then the resulting equation of surfaces and lines of response of laboratory germination was of the following type:

o o o o o o

Ymg = 102,936 - 0,077 x2 +1,449 x3 -1,700 XX + 2,237 x22 -1,633 x3 ^

o

For the case 3 the factor x2 - duration of the impact x was excluded. The resulting equation of

surfaces and lines of response of laboratory germination of seeds of Respect variety was of the following type:

R3 g.

= 103,276 + 0,697 x +1,449 x3- 0,429 x X + 1,557 x? " 1,429 x2

(19)

The analysis of the resulting surfaces and lines of response (not shown here) of laboratory germination showed that compared with the varieties Boomerang and Colorit, at the variety Respect, under the same values of influence factors, pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment of seeds had more depressing impact.

Of the equations (17)...(19) can be noted that if all controllable factors are on their mean level, the laboratory germination of treated seed will be in the limits (101,788...103,276)% than that of the control/untreated triticale seeds, the variety Respect.

The analysis of the surfaces and lines of response of laboratory germination of triticale seeds, the variety Respect, as well as the revealing possibilities based on the three cases for establishing the

limits of influencing factors showed that the selected values of these factors suppressed the germination vigor and laboratory germination.

On the other hand, from the character of surfaces and lines of response of laboratory germination can be found that in their end regions, i.e., under higher and lower values of controllable factors can be expected a positive effect of the pre-sowing impact. Then the putative effect in laboratory germination increasing will be in the range (6...8)% more than that of control seeds.

According to the above, for triticale seeds, the variety Respect, the following values of controllable factors of impact of pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments, in which it is expected to obtain positive results under the influence of treatment could be recommended: voltage between the electrodes: U=(5,0...5,4)kV; duration of the impact: )= (26...54)s; duration of stay of the seeds from the impact to their placing in thermostat T=(14...21)days. CONCLUSIONS

1. It was found an opportunity for positively pre-sowing electromagnetic impact on triticale seeds of three Bulgarian varieties: Boomerang, Colorit and Respect.

2. Pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment was carried out with modified screw device [5] by three-factor experiment and by symmetrical compositional plan type B3 with controllable factors: voltage between the electrodes U,kV, duration of treatment ),s and duration of stay T, days from the exposure till placing the samples in thermostat.

3. It was found that at the same values of controllable factors of pre-sowing treatments different effect on the seeds of the three triticale varieties was obtained:

a) For the variety Boomerang it was found enhancing the germination vigor up to 2.4%/control, and laboratory seed germination - within the range (1,1...6,7)%/controL The highest increase in laboratory germination was found after the option of treatment 13, U=3kV, )=30s and T=21 days stay;

b) For the variety Colorit it was found enhancing the germination vigor up to 2.0% for the option 2 - where U=1kV, )=50s and T=21 days stay, and for the option 4 - where U=1kV, )=10s and T=21 days stay. It was established increase in the laboratory germination by 2% for option 3 with U=5 kV, )=10s and T=21 days stay. Under the option 3 the germination vigor increase was 1.3%/comtrol. For the variety Colorit it was found that under the options in which the seeds stay T was 7 or 14 days the seeds laboratory germination was suppressed and it was in the range (94,6.98,8)% of the control;

c) For the seeds of Respect variety it was found suppression of the germination vigor within (95,3...99,3)%/control and only under the options 1, 4 and 8 it was 100%/conrol. At all variants of treatment and stay times till placing the seeds in thermostat it was found reducing of the laboratory germination within the limits (89,0.. ,98,0)%/control.

4. They were found regression equations of laboratory germination vigor and germination of seeds of the three studied triticale varieties. The values of their regression coefficients in front of the members è0 correlate with the findings 3a, 3b and 3c, namely for the laboratory germination vigor they

were: - for the variety Boomerang - 102,184, for Colorit variety 100,281 and for the variety Respect -98,609. About the laboratory germination these coefficients were: for Boomerang - 101,993; for Colorit - 98,101 and for Respect - 102,513.

5. Based on the compiled regression equations of the laboratory germination vigor and germination and using the software product Statistics 8 there were found the surfaces and lines of their response. Through them there were established the limits of variation of controllable factors which would give a positive result after per-sowing treatment of triticale seeds:

a) For the variety Boomerang: voltage between the electrodes: U=(5,2...5,4)kV, duration of exposer: )=(16...44)s, and stay of seeds from the treating to their placing in thermostat T=(21...22) days. After pre-sowing electromagnetic impact with the mentioned values of controllable factors it is expected the germination vigor to increase with over 2% and the laboratory germination - by more than 6%;

b) Fir the variety Colorit suitable for a positive impact were the factors with values: U=(5,4 or 3,0)kV, )=(20 or 34)s, and T=(20 or 34)days. After treating with the described values of controllable factors it is expected an increase in the germination vigor - more than 2% and in the laboratory germination - by more than 3%;

c) As for the variety Respect suitable for a positive impact were the factors with values: U=(5,0...5,4)kV, )=(26...54)s and T=(14...22) days. The putative effect of increasing the laboratory germination vigor and germination is expected respectively within the limits: more than (2...3)% and over (6...8)% more than that of the control seeds.

6. The obtained encouraging results for the laboratory germination vigor and germination after pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments of triticale seeds of the varieties Boomerang, Colorit and Respect give grounds for continuation of the researches.

REFERENCES

1. Kostov K., Iv. Palov, K. Sirakov, E. Kuzmanov and Sv. Zahariev, Effect of pre-sowing electric treatments of seeds on the yields of wheat varieties Enola and Kristy // Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2014, №6, pp.1526-1530.

2. Mitkov At., D. Minkov, Statistical Methods for testing and optimizing of the agricultural machinery, Sofia Zemizdat, Part I -1989, Part II -1993.

3. Palov Iv, A. Stoilova, K. Sirakov, Sv. Zahariev, Increasing of yields by pre-sowing electrical treatments of seeds of field crops // International Conference on "New Approaches in Food Security and Value, Agra, India, (17-19).20.2014, p. 271-278.

4. Palov Iv., E. Kouzmanov, K. Sirakov, N. Armyanov and N. Nedialkov, Results from field studies after divided pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with electromagnetic energy // Agricultural machinery, №3: 24-32, 2010.

5. Terziev, P., Iv.Palov, St. Stefanov, R. Radev, Patent for invention №30631, Device for pre-sowing electrical treatment of seed material, 01C 1/00, A01 N 21/00.

6. Triticale: First Man - Made Sereal. Edited by Cho C. Tsen, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas (Тритикале - первая зерновая культъра, созданная человеком. Перевод с английского М. Б. Евгеньева

7. Zahariev Sv, K. Sirakov, Iv. Palov E. Kouzmanov, Results of laboratory tests after pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment of seeds of French corn hybrids // Mechanization of Agriculture, Sofia, 2013, №1, c. 29-31. (Bg, summary Eng).

8. https://support.software.dell.com/statistica/8.0/release-notes-guides Program product Statistics 8

STUDY THE EFFECTS OF PRE-SOWING ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF SOME LABORATORY PARAMETERS ON TRITICALE SEEDS

Muhova A.1, PhD, assoc. Prof., Sirakov K.2, DSc, Prof., Stoilova A.1, Assistant Stefanova-Dobreva St1 PhD, Prof., Palov I.2,

1Bulgaria, Chirpan, Institute of Field Crops 2Bulgaria, Rousse, Rousse University "Angel Kunchev",

Abstract. Kernels of the following cultivars triticale plants were studied: Boomerang, Colorit and Respect. It was conducted sowing electromagnetic treatment in three - factor experiment and symmetrical compositional plan type B3. Like controllable factors pre-sowing electromagnetic effects have been adopted: tension between the electrodes U, kV, exposure times, x,s and duration of staying of seeds from treatment to sowing - T days. It was found that at the same values of controllable factors it was established different effects (stimulating or depressing) on laboratory parameters: number of roots, length of roots and sprouts lengths of the three varieties of triticale. For cv. Boomerang it was achieved increasing of the number of roots to 9,4 %, the roots length to 33,3 % and sprouts length to 7,6%. For the three cultivars of triticale it was calculated regression equations for the observed laboratory parameters. Established values and indication for the coefficients in front of the control factors correlate with the results of laboratory tests.

Keywords: triticale seeds, pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments, equations of regression, number and length of roots, length of sprouts