14IRSTI 03.01, 13.61.11
D.B. Samratova, A.T. Sarbasov ZH.Q. Elemesova, ZH.M. Segizbaeva
RSOE "State Historical and Cultural Reserve-Museum "Berel", Katon-Karagay district, Kazakhstan
Study, Preservation and Museumification of the Berel Necropolis Monuments at the Present Stage
Abstract. Currently, state programs aimed at the cultural and spiritual development of society have been updated in our country. This cultural policy of the state contributes to the further active development of both museum business and archaeological science. A striking example is the Berel museum complex, which is recognized as a unique monument of archeology and is developing rapidly, which accordingly contributes to the development of the region. Conferences with the results of archaeological research are held annually, where the data of surveys of a certain field season are given, all these surveys are necessarily covered in the media, it is planned to print fundamental works that will contain knowledge about significant historical monuments of the region, among which the Berel necropolis will undoubtedly take its rightful place. However, while the results of the museum's activities for the entire period of its existence have not been summed up, for this reason, this article will attempt to summarize the results of the painstaking work of archaeologists who have been studying the monuments of the Valley of the Kings for many years, and the museum staff who stood at the origins of the museum complex development, also identified targets for the further development of the Berel reserve-museum in the research, popularization and museum spheres of activity.
The main materials on field research of the archaeological complex were collected, published by the participants of the expeditions themselves, the museum staff took a direct part in field work, and data on the work of the museum-reserve in such areas of activity as exposition and exhibition, museum and popularization were collected. All the collected materials, together with the information obtained on the Internet, covering the active marketing activities of the museum, allow us to see a certain holistic picture of the museum complex development. It is obvious that the joint work of archaeologists and museum staff has yielded excellent results in the form of a modern museum complex with a developed infrastructure, which is interesting for both internal and external tourists, contributes to the development of the region in economic and tourist terms, and the development of society in spiritual terms.
Key words: Reserve-Museum "Berel"; archaeological research; storage of exhibits; museumification of monuments; exhibition activities.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2021-136-3-90-104
Received: 28.07.2021 / Approved: 06.08.2021
Introduction
Berel microdistrict, along with similar places in adjacent territories - such as Pazyryk, Ukok, etc., has attracted people since ancient times with its convenience and favorability of life. This is clearly proved by the abundance of archaeological monuments of almost all historical periods.
The picturesque Berel Valley, surrounded by majestic ridges, is one of the brightest landscape zones in the Altai Mountains system. The beautiful, truly legendary Altai nature of the
The purpose of the study is to comprehensively study the contribution of the Berel ReserveMuseum to the domestic scientific and museum activities, as well as to generalize and systematize the results of this activity.
Since the activities of the museum are multidirectional, it is necessary to fully disclose the works carried out by the Berel museum institution in various fields of activity.
History
Berel monuments, the study history of which has been included for about 150 years, occupy a special place in the circle of historical and cultural heritage of Kazakhstan. It can be noted with pride that the Berel finds, which are masterpiece works of ancient masters, and their reconstructions, along with the famous "Issyk Warrior", become symbols of the independent republic.
Many representatives of the scientific world and the public know that the first research on Berel is associated with the name of V. F. Radlov, who in 1865 studied the Big Berel Mound No. 1 and several monuments of the pre-Turkic time [1]. Before the period of independence, scientific work on Berel in 1959 was carried out by the South Altai Archaeological Expedition of the USSR State Hermitage, under the leadership of S. S. Sorokin, he completed the investigation of the Big Berel Mound and opened several small objects [2].
Large-scale, systematic and full-fledged scientific research began in 1998, when an international Kazakh-French expedition explored mound No. 11, which brought sensational materials to the science of Kazakhstan [3, c. 4788].
In the period from 1999 to 2014, scientific work was carried out continuously at the Berel necropolis, except for some rare seasons. During this time, many mounds have been studied, the materials of which were included in the golden piggy bank of the history and culture of the ancient population of Altai. Among them, we can highlight mounds No. 9. 10, 16, 36 [3].
A new milestone in the history of the Berel necropolis>s monuments study begins in 2015,
as since that time, the monuments of the Xianbei cultural circle, previously unknown for the Kazakh Altai, have been firmly attributed on the territory of the necropolis [4].
Discussion
The materials of the Berel mounds are of great importance for the national and world archaeological science, since the monument is the only archaeological complex on the territory of Kazakhstan with burials of several eras at once and with perfectly preserved products made of organic materials that have a thousand-year history [5]. Currently, the vector of studying archaeological monuments is aimed at a comprehensive study of objects using nondestructive techniques and their subsequent preservation for future generations [6].
During the years of research of the Berel necropolis, great results have been achieved both in terms of multidisciplinary study of archaeological monuments by researchers using high-tech equipment, and in the organization of museum activities that ensure the preservation and use of the national historical and cultural heritage for educational and upbringing, cultural and entertainment purposes. All the work carried out during the period of independence of Kazakhstan on the study, socialization and popularization of monuments had a favorable impact on the socio-economic development of the eastern region of Kazakhstan and the country.
Due to the fact that this new period of research is defined as a new stage in the development of research of monuments of the Berel Valley, we note that since this period, archaeologists have begun to use a gentle method of excavation and studying the design features of monuments - the method of excavation with a wide area.
Using the excavation method of a wide area, an archaeological group during the mound No. 2 ground structure study of the Early Iron Age found out that the monument is tightly adjacent to the mound No. 1 with its eastern part. In addition, the researchers were able to open the near - burial space, thanks to which about eight to nine beyond burial structures of mound No. 2
were discovered and studied, which, according to scientists, are "altars" or cenotaphs, namely, objects No. 1A, 2D, 87, of the objects complex No. 81 (a, b, c) of the pre-Turkic time (later they will be attributed to the ethnocultural community of Xianbi in researches) [7].
The result of a comprehensive study of monuments by this method is the discovery of new boundaries for the application of an integrated approach in archaeological excavations, which provides previously unknown materials on the ideological, funerary, religious representations of the Kazakh Altai cultures at the beginning of the I millennium AD.
In addition, we can say that mound No. 1, which was excavated in 1865 by Radlov, was also brought into proper shape, and its peripheral zone was also studied, since the first studies of this monument were primitive and this, in turn, made it possible to prepare the ground for further museumification of monuments, which was carried out the following year [8].
During the field work in 2016, a huge number of archaeological objects belonging to different historical periods - the Early Iron Age and the pre-Turkic time were studied. The group of researchers continued to use the excavation method of a wide area for the next year, and as a result a large amount of material was obtained. Along the way, with the use of a new method of excavation and geophysical research, they begin to use modern visual and instrumental equipment that are used in non-destructive methods of studying monuments, which allows to develop its own unique research program for each object. The methodology of archaeological excavations involves a thorough, layer-by-layer study of objects, drawing, graphic and photographic recording of all stages of disassembly of a ground structure and an intra-grave structure. Before the start of the excavation, geomagnetic sounding is carried out to determine the general boundary of the mound structure. After removing the dumps and the grassy layer, photos and videos are taken using a camera arranged in an unmanned aerial vehicle, which contributed to obtaining the most accurate image of the investigated object.
As a result of archaeological study, the researchers received a set of finds - skillful
products of ancient masters made of metal (iron and bronze), a trough-coffin with a lid made of larch, bone jewelry, pottery and wood dishes, fragments of leather and gold plates in the form of figures of mythical winged creatures, bones of buried horses in full ceremonial ammunition, plant grains, the remains of an ancient female person of ripe age, whose body was subjected to medical intervention before burial, presumably related to the woman>s illness. For example, we will note a couple of finds - a bronze mirror with the image of a snow leopard as a handle from mound No. 2 and a dagger the size of a knife, iron arrowheads and bow linings from near-buried structures.
With an integrated approach to the study of Berel monuments, special emphasis was placed on the museumification and reconstruction of the studied mounds and the preservation of the obtained materials on art and artistic culture. Interdisciplinary research was carried out - the anthropological material from mounds No. 2 and 82A was studied by paleoanthropologists of the A. H. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, a dendrochronological analysis of the frame and trough-coffin from mounds No. 2 and 10 was carried out by a specialist from the SB RAS, paleogenetic studies were conducted by professionals from Japan and Nazarbayev University, as well as the remains of animal bones were studied by paleozoologists.
Work was required on the technical reclamation of monuments - the removal of dumps, which were carried out immediately after the end of the study of monuments. The need for such measures was that the museumification of mound No. 2 was planned, which required large-scale work related to the construction of a museum structure over the mound studied by archaeologists, and the restoration of the integrity and attractiveness of the disturbed land cover [7, c. 234-252].
Even during the first studies of the above-mentioned method of studying beyond-burial structures of the pre-Turkic time, scientists drew attention to the features of these burials and the differences in burial methods from the mounds of the Early Iron Age, around which they are located. but at the same time, this close location
to these very mounds leads archaeologists to think about the "idea of kinship and continuity" in the spiritual sphere between cultures that lived in different time epochs, but on the same Land, in this case through ritual burial actions.
At that time, it was suggested that the stone laying was attributed to the Xianbi-Rouran period preceding the Turkic one, based on the specific manner of burying the ceremonial animal separately from a person, the small number of accompanying attributes - light weapons of a warrior, which are tentatively dated to the V-VI centuries AD. After that, the researchers prepared the initial historical chronology of the I thousand BC and I thousand AD according to material sources from Berel monuments. For the purpose to confirm or argumentate the proposed chronological theory, studies of the laying-fences at the Berel complex are continuing.
The 2017 year of research provided good materials on the fine art of ancient nomads, religious worldview, jewelry, decoration of a riding horse, about human life, bone remains of an ancient individual and sacrificial animal [9].
Among the prominent and valuable finds from mound No. 5, which was twice mercilessly robbed, the following should be noted - the bone
remains of a woman in a ceremonial female fur suit and headdress, decorated with products that were covered with gold foil, the remains of two horses in rich decoration, the bones of a sacrificial ram, dishes in the form of a ceramic vessel and a knife, etc. The women>s decorated suit, by the way, was restored in 2021 by K. S. Akhmetzhanov together with Z. Samashev and presented to the wide public in the same year [10] (Figure 1).
Along the way, in 2017, extensive work begins on the study of the laying-fences of the Xianbian culture of the II-V centuries AD (No. 90A, monument complex No. 21 (A, B), No. 76 and complex No. 76 (A, B), No. 80 and complex No. 80 (A, A/1, B, C, D, E, F, G), complex No. 68 (A, B, C), No. 69 and No. 69A, No. 67A on the topic: "Xianbi funeral and memorial monuments of the Bukhtarma upriver" within the framework of the" Program for the development of research works in the field of archeology in the East Kazakhstan Region for 2016-2018", inspired by the Akimat of the East Kazakhstan Region.
During the work on these monuments, the territory of the previous studied structural layouts, some of which were altars or cenotaphs (68B, 68C, 80B), cleared of the grassy layer, was expanded. Complexes of such stone layouts, for
Figure 1 - Qainaruly M. Restoration of women>s costume by K. S. Akhmetzhanov: Evidence report and systematic review for the Egemen Kazakhstan. 2021
ВЕСТНИК Евразийского национального университета имени Л.Н. Гумилева. № 3(136)/2021 93
Серия Исторические науки. Философия. Религиоведение
the most part, after cleaning the upper structure, look like a four-leaf clover, meet with pointed corners of the "petals of a stone flower", in general, these are several closely located stone structures (from two to four), which is interconnected.
Since 2017, a historian, cultural scientist, invited from Azerbaijan Z. Hasanov, has been actively involved in the research of monuments of the Xianbian period for three years.
In the subsequent field research season, a group of archaeologists studied a huge number of monuments that presumably belong to two historical periods - the Pazyryk culture and the Xianbi-Ruoran tribes.
The monument belonging to the first time-kurgan No. 44, is relatively small size and located in the fourth chain of objects. The ground-based stone construction was studied, the internal structure was decided to be further investigated in the upcoming archaeological season of work.
According to the received construction and architectural data, archaeologists attributed this monument to the Pazyryk culture.
Regarding the monuments of the second period, after the expansion of the area of last year>s excavation, ten funeral and memorial fences were excavated within the third group of monuments (fences No. 78A, No. 104, No. 106, No. 108B, No. 108C, № 109, № 110, № 112, № 113, № 114), five new objects with a diameter of up to 3 meters, (objects No. 108D, No. 110A, No. 110B, No. 110C, No. 113A), objects No. 67C, № 68, № 90, № 105, № 108, № 108A. Through the study of such large amout of objects, material was obtained that brought researchers one step closer to solving the main question - the origin of these monuments. The assortment of the main finds consisted of jewelry, pendants with an animal>s fang, elements of a headdress and clothing, a cross-shaped metal stripe, bracelets, beads, cowry shells, curved tubes made of horns, an earring, horse equipment products.
The next stage of the work was the implementation of laboratory analysis and processing of the obtained materials:
- preservation and restoration of artifacts by N. S. Kurganov, the leading restorer of the IIMK RAS;
- carrying out the necessary measurements of the parameters of the anthropological remains of individuals found during the study of more than 20 objects for further study, as well as taking craniological samples for laboratory analysis by the leading anthropologist of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia) E. P. Kitov and the anthropologist of the Center for Egyptological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia) A. O. Kitova. As a result, a detailed description several skeletons are given.
Photo and documentary recording of all stages of work was carried out, as in previous years, modern technological equipment was used. However, in 2018, in addition, all masonry was also checked by a metal detector to detect caches and treasures [11].
In 2019-2020, archaeologists also studied the complex of laying-fences of the Xianbian period (object No. 67, No. 111, No. 111A, No. 111B, No. 111C, No. 111D, No. 67B and №77, №78, №107, №107A, No. 115, No. 116) [12].
For the entire period of studying the mounds of the Berel valley, an interdisciplinary approach was applied, diverse specialists were involved - paleozoologists, anthropologists, cultural scientists, restorers, geocryologists, etc.
The Berel Museum has been directly involved in archaeological field research since 2016 and conducted research activities on the Berel monument complex within the framework of the programs "Programs for the development of research works in the field of archeology in the East Kazakhstan Region for 2016-2018", "Xianbi Funeral and Memorial Monuments of the Bukhtarma Upriver", " of The Saks and Syanbians Monuments of the Kazakh Altai", the grant project "Reference Monuments of the Saka culture in the Kazakh Altai". It is necessary to note the work of the Berel Museum, carried out on other monuments of Ulan, Zaisan, Tarbagatai districts of East Kazakhstan, starting from 2017 to 2020 under such programs as" Monuments of Antiquity and the Middle Ages of the Shilikty Valley and the foothills of Tarbagatai" in Zaisan and Tarbagatai districts. According to this
program, the museum participated in the works for three years from 2017 to 2019. Since 2018, they have also been actively involved in the study of the monuments of the Kazakh Altai for a three -year period-within the boundaries of the concept of the grant project "Reference Monuments of the Saka culture in the Kazakh Altai (Tautekeli, Kara Kaba, Orel', Solonechnye belki, Berel)". In 2019, they took part in archaeological work on monuments in Tarbagatai, Katon-Karagai, Ulan districts under the program «Altai - Tarbagatai from the Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages» and made a significant contribution to the research of such monuments as Eleke Sazy and Akbauyr.
Thus, the museum staff is engaged not only in organizational, restoration, registration and cabinet research activities, but also in practical archeology. The museum specialists publish the results of these research works together with the archaeologists of the A. H. Margulan Institute of Archaeology.
In addition, the museum cooperates with universities, schools, and other museum institutions, conducts exhibitions and excursions, and other events for educational and awareness-raising purposes, performs tasks to advertise and promote cultural and historical monuments of the national heritage. It should be noted that the museum staff not only accepts visitors on its territory, but also organizes field exhibitions to schools of the district and other museums (Figure 2).
For educational and upbringing purposes, the museum involves students and schoolchildren in archaeological work, organizing summer archaeological schools.
In2007, the finds from the Berel mounds several times represented the culture of ancient nomads who lived on the territory of Kazakhstan at world exhibitions - at the exhibition of archaeological exhibits «Under the sign of the Golden Vulture» in the cities of Berlin, Munich, Hamburg and Istanbul, in Kiev in honor of the proclamation of the Year of Kazakhstan in Ukraine, an exhibition of Scythian art in Hungary and Bochum (West Germany) [13].
The museum complex was established in 2008 by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 4.07.2008 in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of the country [14]. The formation of a modern museum institution went gradually, along with the gradual socialization of monuments and the integration of the museum into the environment. The administrative building of the museum was also created (Figure 3) with five exhibition halls, an archaeological laboratory, a restoration workshop equipped with all the necessary equipment, and two open-air museums containing exhibits from the ancient era to the era of the medieval nomads of Altai, an ethnographic hall and a special fund represented by gold and silver products, as well as two halls with finds from two mounds of the Berel Valley No. 36 and No. 11.
Figure 2 - Conducting a Field Exhibition at a Local School
ВЕСТНИК Евразийского национальною университета имени Л.Н. Гумилева. № 3( 136)/2021 95
Серия Исторические науки. Философия. Религиоведение
The first hall contains objects that belong to the culture of the ancient nomads of the Kazakh Altai, dating back to the IV-III centuries BC. Nomadic cultural objects have a history of more than two and a half thousand years. The second hall contains a restored copy of a horse and horse equipment (Figure 4), found in the Eleventh Mound in 1998 by a Kazakh French research group. In detail, the work on the conservation and restoration of materials from the 11th mound
is described by K. Altynbekov in his works, whose reconstructed copies are displayed in the second exhibition hall and in the open-air museum erected over kurgan No. 11, which is also mentioned a little later [15]. The third hall presents the complete horse equipment found in mound No. 36, all products of which are made of deer horns and covered with gold and red paint. The next hall is called the «Special Fund», as it contains various exhibits made of silver and gold,
Figure 4 - The Reconstruction of the horse equipment
Figure 5 - The Open-Air Museum over the Mound No. 2
made in the animal style characteristic of that time, collected since 1998. In the fifth exhibition room, objects of the new chronological Xianbian (Rouran) period recently identified by scientists are shown. The latest museum collection is represented by exhibits that have scientific value for the ethnography of the Altai Territory. Also, the objects of ethnography of the Kazakh people are exhibited in a yurt located on the territory of the museum complex.
The first open-air museum over mound No. 2 was built in 2016 (Figure 5). The initiator of the mound>s museification was the Akim of the East Kazakhstan region D. K. Akhmetov, who, after visiting the studied monuments, inspired by the results of the work on the study of Berel monuments and evaluating the contribution of labor to the «Cultural Heritage» program. After discussing all issues with the main head of the research group Z. Samashev, in the same
Figure 7 - The project of the Visit Center
year allocated funds from the state budget for construction work that began immediately after the end of excavation work on mound No. 2 [16].
During the construction of the museum structure, the lower part of the burial was left in its original form, the walls of the burial chamber were decorated with wood, the original larch trough-coffin was replaced with a copy, since the original was in poor preservation.
By virtue of the construction of an open-air museum, the Berel Museum Complex has become a unique museum institution, both in the Eastern region and throughout Kazakhstan. It became possible for visitors to dive deeper into the study of history, to have an idea of the size of the mounds and their design, how the research of these monuments is carried out, since when visiting the museum-designated mounds, archaeological work can take place nearby, etc.
After the archaeological excavations, the arrangement of the open-air museum over the 11th mound began (Figure 6). In the summer of 2018, work on the construction of the sarcophagus, called the «Royal», was completed here with the funds allocated with the assistance of the akim of the region from the republican budget as part of the national strategic program «Cultural Heritage» [15].
It is well known that the research of mound No. 11 began in 1998. After that, the conditions for the museification of the studied object were being prepared. The internal contents of the mound were completely recreated. The horse
equipment of the eleventh kurgan was restored and prepared for display back in 2004 [15].
In general, the museum has a developed infrastructure - all engineering networks and communications have been carried out, the territory is fenced, work has been done on the arrangement of the adjacent territory. The staff includes personnel who bring the territory of the complex and related objects to the aesthetic appearance - landscaping, garbage collection, gentrification, etc.
Now, work is underway to modernize the exhibition activity by developing a new excursion methodology, improving the infrastructure of the museum complex, namely, it is planned to build a Visit center, where dynamic expositions will be created for a number of successive historical periods on the principle of historicism and objectivity, it is possible to allocate several exhibition complexes - ethnography, archeology, nature of the Altai, etc. (Figure 7).
There are several acute problems with the rational organization of work due to the insufficiently developed infrastructure, because of which the reserve-museum does not function at the limit of its capabilities. Since through the annual archaeological research, the museum>s funds are replenished with new artifacts and exhibits, there is a need to expand the storages of funds and exhibition halls, there are also a few problems with the organization of cultural and leisure events for guests, including foreign ones, reception, and further placement of overseas
specialists. Another important task is that employees lose their time on the way from the village, located 100 km from the museum where they live, to their place of work. A problematic issue is also the location of the library in the room where the staff conduct research activities, which are visited by guests of the museum. A favorable working atmosphere is necessary for employees engaged in creative activities. The issue of the lack of its own restoration laboratory is also on the agenda. To improve productivity, it is planned to build a Visit Center, which will be a promising project - a solution to all the above difficulties. The construction of this center will provide [17]:
- expansion and increase in the number of exhibition halls, which will allow you to show the exhibits from a more presentable side.
- creating a comfortable zone for recreation, entertainment, education, enlightenment - this, in turn, will contribute to a deeper immersion in the study of the history of the Berel Valley.
- the construction of a hostel, a canteen, and other premises for the accommodation of workers from villages, invited specialists and experts, visitors will allow to realize the human potential effectively and fully.
- the creation of a separate library room with a huge number of books of fiction and scientific literature, rare manuscripts will make it possible for people who are not directly related to science to get access to rare works.
- laboratory research has always been considered the basis of the quality of any research, therefore, the presence of our own laboratory of scientific restoration with the most modern equipment will make it possible to contribute to the development of domestic restoration science and, possibly, create our own scientific developments and methodological recommendations in this field.
It is obvious that the renewal and strengthening of the logistic sustainment and the entire museum network is the optimal and rational way of development, which will make it possible to organically combine the established norms of the classical museum with advanced innovations.
Since the moment of the monuments> museumification, the presentation of Berel monuments to tourists has changed, because
until this important moment, visitors were presented with finds on the shelves in a gap from the full picture of the funeral rites. Now, through a sense of reality, people can fully imagine all the colorful material and spiritual achievements, so they can better understand this ancient culture and assimilate cultural experience. In addition to the museification of mounds No. 2 and 11, work is being done to promote the monuments of the historical and cultural heritage of the Berel valley, which is carried out with the help of the world wide Web - an electronic catalog of video tours with a detailed description of the monuments and finds found in the Berel monuments is being created, photo reports on the events held by the museum staff are posted on the official website, video tours of the museum are filmed, there are also souvenirs for museum visitors-personalized T - shirts, pens and many similar things with the museum>s logo are offered.
Over the years, the museum staff has achieved great achievements in the socialization of monuments, which have developed the work of the museum to a high level. It should be said that the popularity of the archaeological monument "Berel « at the local level has now been formed. It is necessary to take more large-scale marketing measures to create the image of the institution not only in the role of historical and cultural, but also to adhere to the educational and upbringing course of development at the national and world level.
From all the above, it can be noted that the optimization of archaeological research and the discoveries that we have received as a result, restoration and museum work, stimulating museum activity and, accordingly, its contribution to the development of various spheres of the eastern region of the country, are carried out by virtue of the laws and state programs implementing the cultural policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan - the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 2, 1992 «On protection and use of objects of historical and cultural heritage», the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 13, 2001 «On tourist activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan», the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated
December 15, 2006 «On culture», the Concept of development of the tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2023, approved by the resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 30, 2017 № 406, Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 15, 2006 No. 207-III «On Culture» (with amendments and additions as of December 30, 2020), Decree of the President of the Kazakhstan Republic "On the state program "Cultural Heritage", designed for 2004- 2006 years [18, 19, 20]. This is part of the laws that promote the interests of national culture and science, and within the framework of these laws, national programs on the preservation and promotion of material heritage were created. The most ambitious programs, within the framework of which work was actively carried out on the study and preservation of the material cultural heritage of East Kazakhstan - «Cultural heritage», «Looking into the future: the modernization of public consciousness», «Seven Facets of the Great Steppe».
Local government representatives also played a huge role in achieving great plans and high aspirations of people of science and culture. Some of the grants and projects were financed by the Akimat of the East Kazakhstan region under the leadership of D. Akhmetov, which were
carried out within the framework of the above-mentioned national programs.
Conclusion
Summing up, we will highlight the general results of many years of work by archaeologists, museum workers and the state. At the present stage, systematic comprehensive studies of the Berel mounds are being carried out with the involvement of foreign specialists, cooperation has been established with domestic and foreign organizations interested in museum activities, and further scientific and creative cooperation is planned for the comprehensive study, preservation, and promotion of monuments of material heritage. Research activities are actively conducted, the priority areas of which are the study of artifacts and museum objects, in which the museum specializes. In the near future, the construction of a Visit Center is being planned in order to improve the infrastructure, logistic sustainment and provide high-quality services that meet international standards for the promotion of historical and cultural heritage at the international level, which are of global importance and are of practical interest to world science.
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14 Постановление Правительства №674 от 04.06.2008 О создании Республиканского государственного казенного предприятия Государственный историко-культурный заповедник-музей Берел. - URL: https://kodeksy-kz.com/norm_akt/source-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D 0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/type-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0 %BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/674-04.07.2008.htm. (дата обращения: 05.08.2021).
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17 Еак пен Берелде визит ортальщтары салынады. / Официальный сайт Международного информационного агентства «Казинформ» - URL: https://www.inform.kz/kz/esik-pen-berelde-vizit-ortalyktary-salynady_a3787814/amp?fbclid=IwAR2sKA8UqMfU0HhkQnEkk82FnauqyhF0dIwPTFaf8CJ5uy3YAl1Slik0R Xw. (дата обращения: 05.08.2021).
18 Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 4 ноября 2014 года № 939 «О Концепции культурной политики Республики Казахстан» / Информационно-правовая система нормативных правовых актов Республики Казахстан- URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/U1400000939. (дата обращения: 05.08.2021).
19 Указ Президента Республики Казахстан «О Государственной программе «Культурное наследие» на 2004-2006 годы». / Информационная система «Параграф-Юрист» - URL: https://online.zakon.kz/ Document/?doc_id=1045645. (дата обращения: 05.08.2021).
20 Закон Республики Казахстан от 15 декабря 2006 года № 207-III «О культуре» (с изменениями и дополнениями по состоянию на 30.12.2020 г.). / Информационная система «Параграф-Юрист» - URL: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30081960. (дата обращения: 05.08.2021).
Д.Б. Самратова, А.Т. Сарбасов, Ж.К. Елемесова, Ж.М. Сегизбаева
«Берел» мемлекеттк тарихи-мздени музей-цорыгы» РМКК, Катощарагай ауданы, Казахстан
K^ipri кезецдеп Берел к,орымыньщ ескертюштерш зерттеу, сак,тау жэне муражайландыру
Авдатпа. К^рп уа^ытта бiздщ елiмiзде ^огамныц мэдени жэне рухани дамуына багытталган мем-лекетпк багдарламалар езектенддрыд^ Мемлекеттщ осы мэдени саясаты Музей id мен археология гылымыныц одан эрi белсендi дамуына ыкрал етедь Буган ай^ын мысал ретшде археологияныц бiре-гей ескерткiшi ретшде танылган жэне ^ар^ынды дамып келе жат^ан Берел муражай кешенi жатады,
бул сэйкесшше айма^тьщ дамуына ыкпал егедг Жыл сайын археологиялык зерэтеулердщ нэтижелерi бар конференциялар eткiзiледi/ онда белгiлi 6ip дала маусымыныц iздешстершщ деректерi келтiрiледi/ осы iздешстердщ барлыгы мiндеттi TYрде БАК,-та жарияланады, eщрдщ мацызды тарихи ескерткiштерi туралы бiлiмдi ^амтитын iргелi ецбекгердд басып шыгару жоспарлануда, олардыц шшде ce3ci3 eзшщ лайы^ты орнын Берел корымы да алады. Алайда осы уакыггка дейiнгi муражай жумысгары корыгын-дыланбаган, осы себепгi осы макалада узак жылдар бойы пагшалар алкабыныц ескергкiшгерiн зергге-ген галым-археологгардыц жэне муражай кешеншщ дамуыныц басгауында гурган муражай ^ызмег-керлершщ кажырлы ецбегшщ нэгижелерiн корыгындылауга эрекег жасалады, сонымен ^агар Берел корык-муражайыныц гылыми зерггеулерде, насихаггауда жэне муражайлык ^ызмегге одан эрi дамуы бойынша ма^саггы багдарлар аны^галды.
Экспедиция кагысушыларыныц eздерi жариялаган археологиялык кешеннщ далалык зерггеулерi бойынша непзп магериалдар жиналды, муражай ^ызметсерлер! далалык жумысгарга гiкелей ^агысгы, корык-музейдщ экспозициялык жэне кeрмелiк/ музефикациялык жэне ^пш^кке гарагу сияк^гы кыз-мег багышарындагы жумысы гуралы дерекгер жиналды. Барлык жиналган магериалдар ингернег-гор-да алынган акпарагпен бiрге муражайдыц белсещд маркетингтiк кызметiн кeрсетедi жэне муражай кешеншщ дамуыныц белгiлi б!р гугас кeрiнiсiн кeруге мумк1нд1к бередг
Археолог-галымдар мен музей кызметсерлершщ б!рлескен жумысы 1шк1 жэне сыргкы гуристер Yшiн кызыкгы дамыган инфракурылымы бар заманауи музей кешенi TYрiнде гамаша жемк бергенi анык. Бул аймакгыц экономикалык жэне гурисг1к гургыдан дамуына жэне когамныц рухани дамуына ыкпал етедi.
ТYЙiн сездер: Берел журажай-корымы; археологиялык зерггеулер; экспонаггарды сакгау; ескерг-кiштердi муражайландыру; экспозициялык кызмег
Д.Б. Самратова, А.Т. Сарбасов, Ж.К. Елемесова, Ж.М. Сегизбаева
РГКП «Государственный историко-культурный заповедник-музей «Берел», Катон-Карагайский район, Казахстан
Изучение, сохранение и музеефикация памятников берельского некрополя на современном этапе
Аннотация. В настоящее время в нашей стране актуализировались государственные программы, направленные на культурное и духовное развитие общества. Данная культурная политика государства способствует дальнейшему активному развитию и музейного дела, и археологической науки. Ярким примером является музейный комплекс Берел, который признан уникальным памятником археологии и развивается быстрыми темпами, что соответственно способствует развитию региона. Ежегодно проводятся конференции с результатами археологических исследований, где приводятся данные изысканий определенного полевого сезона, все эти изыскания в обязательном порядке освещаются в СМИ, планируется печать фундаментальных трудов, которые будут содержать знания о значимых исторических памятниках региона, в числе которых несомненно займет свое достойное место и Берельский некрополь. Однако пока итоги деятельности музея за все время существования не были подведены, по этой причине в данной статье будет осуществлена попытка обобщить результаты кропотливого труда ученых-археологов, долгие годы исследовавших памятники Долины царей, и сотрудников музея, стоявших у истоков развития музейного комплекса. Также определены целевые ориентиры дальнейшего развития заповедника-музея Берель в научно-исследовательской, популяризационной и музейной сферах деятельности.
Были собраны основные материалы по полевым исследованиям археологического комплекса, опубликованные самими участниками экспедиций, сотрудники музея принимали непосредственное участие в полевых работах, собраны данные о работе заповедника-музея в таких направлениях деятельности, как экспозиционная и выставочная, музеефикационная и популяризационная. Все собранные материалы, в совокупности с информацией, полученной в Интернет-паутине, освещающей активную маркетинговую деятельность музея, позволяют увидеть определенный целостный паттерн развития музейного комплекса.
Очевидно, что совместная работа ученых-археологов и сотрудников музея дала прекрасные плоды в виде современного музейного комплекса с развитой инфраструктурой, который интересен как внутрен-
ним, так и внешним туристам, что способствует развитию региона в экономическом и туристическом плане и развитию общества - в духовном.
Ключевые слова: заповедник-музей Берел; археологические исследования; хранение экспонатов; му-зеефикация памятников; экспозиционная деятельность.
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Information about authors:
Samratova Dana Bakytzhanovna - Research Officer of the Scientific Research Work Department of the "State Historical and Cultural Reserve-Museum "Berel", Zhambyl village, Katon-Karagay district, Kazakhstan.
Sarbasov Almas Tleuzhanovich - Associate Director of the "State Historical and Cultural Reserve-Museum "Berel", Zhambyl village, Katon-Karagay district, East Kazakhstan region, the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Elemesova ZHanar Qairatqyzy - Head of the Scientific Research Work Department of the "State Historical and Cultural Reserve-Museum "Berel", Zhambyl village, Katon-Karagay district, East Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan.
Segizbaeva ZHaniya Meirovna - Head of the Record and Scientific-Fund Work Department of the "State Historical and Cultural Reserve-Museum "Berel", Zhambyl village, Katon-Karagay district, East Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan.
Самратова Дана Ба^ытжащызы - «Берел» мемлекеттш тарихи-мэдени музей-корыгыныц FbMbi-ми-зерттеу жумысы бeлiмшщ гылыми кызметкер^ Жамбыл a., К,атон^арагай ауданы, Шыгыс-К,азакстан облысы, Казахстан.
Сарбасов Алмас Тлеужанулы - «Берел» мемлекеттш тарихи-мэдени музей-корыгыныц директор орынбасары, Жамбыл a., Катощарагай ауданы, Шыгыс-Каза^стан облысы, Казахстан.
Елемесова Жанар Крйраткызы - «Берел» мемлекеттш тарихи-мэдени музей-корыгыныц Fылы-ми-зерттеу жумысы бeлiмшщ басшысы, Жамбыл a., Катощарагай ауданы, Шыгыс-Казакстан облысы, Казахстан.
Сегiзбаева Жзния Мешркызы - «Берел» мемлекеттш тарихи-мэдени музей-корыгыныц Есеп жэне гылыми-кор бeлiмшщ басшысы, Жамбыл a., Катощарагай ауданы, Шыгыс-Каза^стан облысы, Казахстан.
