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5Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan
Volume 4, Number 80(2022), 100-109 https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.98
УДК 678.073.665.775
STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ROAD
BITUMEN ORB 70/100
S.S. Satayeva1*, B.E. Khamzina1, D.S. Nazarova1, A.G. Abdrakhmanova1, Zh.T. Yerzhanova1, A.Zh. Kazhimova2
1Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical Universityn, Uralsk, Kazakhstan, 2Qaziitu University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Introduction. The practice of the motor roads operation in the Republic of Kazakhstan shows that the durability of asphalt concrete pavements on them is much lower than the standard terms. Therefore, maintaining roads in a condition, which meets the requirements of traffic flows is impossible without the use of new, progressive materials and technologies. The main factor influencing a sharp decrease in the service life of the road surfaces is the use of low-quality bitumen as a binder in asphalt concrete mixtures, since microcracks develop mainly in its film. The goal of the work. In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of bitumen of the grade ORB(oil road bitumen) 70/110 of the Aktau bitumen plant have been studied. Methods.To improve the operational characteristics of bitumen, modification with polyethylene and polystyrene waste has been carried out. Results and discussion. It has been shown that after the addition of the modifying additives, the main indicators of bitumen have improved. For polyethylene: the depth of needle penetration has decreased from 70 down to 61 mm, the extensibility of bitumen has decreased by 52 cm, which indicates an improvement in the plasticity and elasticity, the softening temperature along the ring and ball has increased from 49 up to 59 °C, which leads to reducing the tendency of bitumen deformation, and the brittleness temperature has been within the normal range - not less than -20 °C. In case of using polystyrene, the penetration characterizing the bitumen hardness decreases from 70 mm down to 61 mm; the extensibility of bitumen increases by 10 cm, which indicates an improvement in the elasticity and strength, due to the presence of the resulting structural network. Conclusion. The softening temperature of bitumen increases, which leads to an improvement in the heat resistance and viscosity.
Key words: petroleum road bitumen, ORB 70/110, polymer waste, polyethylene, polystyrene, penetration, extensibility, softening and brittleness temperature
Satayeva Sapura Sanievna Ph.D., Assoc Professor, e-mail: sataeva [email protected]
Khamzina Bayan Elemessovna Ph.D., Associated Professor, e-mail: [email protected]
Nazarova Dauriya Sagindykovna Master of Engineering and Technology,
e-mail: [email protected]
Abdrakhmanova Aibarsha Master of Technical Sciences, e-mail: [email protected]
Gubayevna
Yerzhanova Zhadyra Toigaliyevna Teacher, e-mail: [email protected]
Kazhimova Aidana Zhaskairatovna Master of Education, e-mail: amina. aidanal 7@mail. ru
Citation: S.S. Satayeva, B.E. Khamzina, D.S. Nazarova, A.G. Abdrakhmanova, Zh.T. Yerzhanova, A.Zh. Kazhimova. Study of the physico-chemical properties of the road bitumen orb 70/100. Chem.J. Kaz., 2022, 4(80), 100-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.98
1. Introduction
One of the topical issues in the oil refining industry is the problem of improving the quality of petroleum products, which include petroleum bitumen. Despite the fact that the performance properties of bitumen meet the necessary requirements, the road surfaces based on them do not always meet the climatic conditions of operation in our country.
Road oil bitumen is sensitive to the temperature changes, i.e. become brittle in the cold, and soften at elevated temperatures, leading to punching and deformation of road surface [1].
The performance properties of bitumen under the influence of the aggressive environment also deteriorate, and may not always meet the desired performance requirements.
Thus, petroleum bitumen is the cheapest and most versatile material for using as a binder for the construction of the road surfaces [2].
Often, up to 30% of various products are added to tars and heavy residues of oil refining, which is necessary to improve the quality of the binder produced. If the additives are not added, the resulting binders become brittle and lose their elasticity.
The main physical and chemical indicators of bitumen, which affect its performance properties include: penetration, brittleness temperature, softening temperature, extensibility. Improvement of these indicators can be achieved by introducing waste polymers into the composition of the bituminous compositions [3-7].
The addition of polymer waste to oil road bitumen increases its elasticity and strength, making the road surface more durable and resistant to the thermal and mechanical stress. Also, the addition of a polymeric material improves the spatial structure of a binder [8-11].
The construction industry occupies one of the first places among the largest consumers of polymeric materials. The widespread use of polymeric materials in construction is facilitated not only by the high chemical resistance, good decorative properties of many of them, but also by the comparative ease of use, manufacturability, etc.
Therefore, at present, the problem of processing the waste polymer materials is becoming relevant not only from the standpoint of environmental protection, but also due to the fact that in the conditions of a shortage of polymer raw materials, the plastic wastes often become a raw material and energy resource [12].
The involvement of a number of wastes from the petrochemical industries will significantly improve the technogenic situation at the enterprises and make it possible to more efficiently use the useful potential of the secondary wastes.
However, the use of the waste polymeric materials as additives in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been little studied. Therefore, the research in the field of improving the physical and mechanical properties of road bitumen by introducing the polymer waste remains relevant to this day.
2. Experimental part
The study object is the oil road bitumen ORB 70/100 of the Aktau bitumen plant. Bitumen of this grade is a large-tonnage product of oil refining, has a complex of valuable technical properties and is widely used in the manufacture of asphalt concrete mixtures in the road construction. The raw material for the production of bitumen is tar (heavy oil residue of vacuum distillation). The physical and chemical properties of ORB 70/100 bitumen are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 - Physical and chemical properties of ORB 70/100
Indicator Value
Needle penetration depth, 0.1 mm:
- at 25 X 70
- at 0 X 22
Softening temperature for ring and ball, °C 49
Extensibility at 25 °C, cm 71
Brittleness temperature, ^ -21
To improve the performance properties of bitumen, various modifying additives are used, in particular the polymer waste. The use of the waste polymers can significantly save the primary raw materials and electricity. For example, the production wastes of polystyrene and polyethylene do not differ from primary raw materials in their physical, mechanical and technological properties. They are returnable and are mainly used at the enterprises where they are formed. They can also be used as independent raw materials in the production of various products. And in order to improve ecological and economic situation in our country, polymer waste can be effectively used as modifying additives.
Secondary polyethylene and polystyrene are taken as the road bitumen modifiers. Before the modification process, polystyrene and polyethylene are processed, washed with distilled water, dried and turned into a homogeneous material. Secondary polyethylene is added together with the used industrial oil grade I-40, which is a plasticizer. The plasticizer reduces the mixing time of bitumen with the polymer, increases the viscosity and improves the properties of the resulting polymer-bitumen binder.
Polystyrene is introduced into bitumen without a plasticizer, because it simultaneously serves as a modifier and plasticizer, due to its cyclic structure, which in turn leads to the rapid adhesion of bitumen and polystyrene molecules.The experiments have been carried out as part of the laboratory studies, so yogurt waste has been taken as polystyrene.
3. Results and discussion
To improve the performance characteristics of bitumen, a modification of polyethylene and polystyrene with waste has been carried out.
Method for the preparation ofpolymer bitumen binder. The required amount of bitumen is heated in a metal container, a plasticizer is added in an amount of
3% by weight of bitumen, and then heating is turned on. At a temperature of 150160 °C, secondary polyethylene is introduced into the molten bitumen in the form of flakes, in the amount of 1, 2, 3% by weight of bitumen, then the heating temperature is brought to 180-200 °C. Mixing is carried out for 30-40 minutes. Bitumen is modified with polystyrene without a plasticizer by a similar method. Table 2 shows the component composition of a polymer bitumen binder based on polyethylene and polystyrene.
Table 2 - Component composition of bitumen, modified with polyethylene and polystyrene
Bitumen + polyethylene Bitumen + polystyrene
Materials SampleNo. SampleNo.
1 2 3 1 2 3
ORB 70/100, g 300 300 300 300 300 300
Secondary polyethylene, g 3 6 9 - - -
Secondary polystyrene, g - - - 3 6 9
I-40, g 9 9 9 - - -
Physical and mechanical properties of bitumen have been evaluated by the penetration, ductility, softening points, viscosity and brittleness, which give an almost complete picture of it.
The parameters of polymer-bitumen binder modified polyethylene have been studied: the needle penetration depth, ring and ball softening temperature, extensibility at 25 °C, brittleness temperature. The experiment results are presented in Table 3.
Table 3 - Characteristics of bitumen modified with polyethylene
Indicator Value
Modifier amount, % 0 1 2 3
Needle penetration depth, 0.1 mm: at 25°C 70 67 64 61
at 0°C 22 24 23 23
Extensibility at 25 °C, cm 71 47 27 19
Softening temperature according to ring and ball, °C 49 51 55 59
Brittleness temperature, 0C -21 -21 -21 -20
As can be seen from Table 3, the required performance properties of bitumen can be achieved by varying the modifier content i.e. recycled secondary polyethylene. From the data obtained, it can be seen that in case of introducing polyethylene into bitumen at 25 °C: penetration decreases down to 61 mm, extensibility decreases from 71 down to 19 cm, which indicates an improvement in the plasticity and elasticity of bitumen. The softening temperature along the ring and ball has increased from 49 up to 59°C, which leads to a decrease in the tendency for bitumen deformation. The brittleness temperature is within the normal range - not less than -20°C. As an example, Figure 1 shows the graphical
dependence of the needle penetration depth on the quantitative content of polyethylene.
Figure 1 - Dependence of the needle penetration on the percentage of polyethylene
Table 4 shows the results of modifying the ORB 70/100 bitumen, using the secondary polystyrene.
Table 4 - Characteristics of bitumen, modified with polystyrene
Indicator Value
Modifier amount, % 0 1 2 3
Needle penetration depth, 0.1 mm:
at 25°C 70 65 63 61
at 0°C 22 24 23 23
Extensibility at 25°C, cm 71 74 75 81
Softening temperature according to ring and ball, °C 49 50 54 57
Brittleness temperature, °C -21 -21 -21 -20
Table 4 shows a decrease in the penetration depth of the needle at 25°C from 70 mm down to 61 mm, which characterizes bitumen hardness. The extensibility increases by 10 cm, which indicates an improvement in the elasticity and strength of bitumen, due to the presence of the resulting structural network. The softening temperature increases, which leads to an improvement in the heat resistance and viscosity of bitumen. Figure 2 shows a graphical dependence of the softening point on the % content of polystyrene.
5B
46--
44 -1-1-1-1
0% 1% 2% 3%
% modifier content
Figure 2 - Dependence of the softening temperature on the percentage of polystyrene
Thus, according to the study results, it can be concluded that the use of polymer waste as a modifier significantly improves the performance of the road bitumen of the grade ORB 70/100. The best results are obtained with the addition of 3% polymers, in the both cases. With an increase in the percentage of polymer waste in bitumen, the softening point increases and thereby increases the heat resistance.With a decrease in the bitumen penetration, its rigidity increases and resistance to the thermal and mechanical tiredness increases, wear resistance increases. The temperature resistance, hardness and elasticity of the obtained polymer-bitumen binder allow the road structure to have high resistance to deformation and an ability to operate in the regions with the elevated temperature climate.
4. Conclusion
In this paper, bitumen of the grade ORB 70/110 from the Aktau oil refinery has been studied. To improve the physical and mechanical properties of bitumen, a modification with polyethylene and polystyrene waste has been carried out. It should be noted that by choosing the right mixing conditions, the type and ratio of the polymer components, it is much easier to obtain materials with the required properties than to synthesize new ones. The resulting composite materials have
improved the physical, mechanical and thermal properties as compared with the materials from the traditional raw materials [13].
Polymer waste polyethylene and polystyrene in the form of flakes are mixed with hot oil bitumen, while bitumen penetrates into the polymer particles, causing them to swell and melt.
The efficiency of the modification process of the bitumen depends on a number of factors: the smaller the particle size of the polymer, the greater their surface area and the faster its penetration. The higher the process temperature, the faster the polymer particles penetrate into the bitumen; the better the mixing, the faster the uniform distribution of the polymer and its complete fusion with bitumen is ensured.
In the process of modifying bitumen, an intermolecular force of adhesion of structural elements in a dispersion medium is created. The combination mechanism takes place at the elevated temperatures and constant stirring, followed by the formation of a homogeneous system. An important factor in this case is the structural stability of the polymer bitumen binder, which prevents the further separation of bitumen and polymer.
Thus, the use of recycled polyethylene and polystyrene waste can save primary raw materials, and also has a positive impact on the country's ecology, making it possible to process the stocks of the secondary polymer raw materials and waste oils, while improving the performance of the organic binders.
БНД 70/100 МАРКАЛЫ ЖОЛ БИТУМЫНЫЦ ФИЗИКАЛЬЩ-ХИМИЯЛЬЩ ЦАСИЕТТЕР1Н ЗЕРТТЕУ
С. С. Сатаееа1, Б.Е. Хамзина1, Д. С. Назарова1, А. Г. Абдрахманова1, Ж. Т. Ержанова1, А.Ж. Кажимова2
хан атындагы Батыс Цазацстан аграрлыц-техникалыц ynrnepcumemi, Орал, Цазацстан 2Цазацстан инновациялыц жэне телекоммуникациялыц жуйелер ymueepcumemi, Орал, Цазацстан E-mail: sataeva_safura@mail. ru
Туйшдеме. Kipicne. Казакстан Республикасыньщ автомобиль жолдарын пайдалану тэжiрибесi асфальтбетонды жабындардьщ тeзiмдiлiгi стандартты Mep3ÍMHeH элдекайда темен екешн керсетедг Сондыктан жаца, прогрессивт материалдар мен технологияларды колданбай жолдарды келж агыныныц талаптарына жауап беретш жагдайда устау MYMкiн емес. Жол тесемшщ кызмет ету мерзiмiнщ курт темендеуше эсер ететш непзп фактор асфальтбетон коспаларында байланыстыргыш ретшде сапасыз битумды пайдалану болып табылады, ейткеш микрожарыктар непзшен оныц кабыгында пайда болады. Ж^мыс мацсаты - полимер калдыктарын пайдалана отырып, эксплуатациялык касиеттерi жаксартылган асфальтбетон алу. ddicmep. Алынган ешмнщ курамы мен касиеттерiн зерттеу Yшiн химиялык жэне физика-химиялык талдау эдiстерi: рентгенфлюоресцент спектроскопия жэне растрлi электронды микроскопия колданылды. Аталган эдктермен Актау битум евдеу зауытыныц БНД 70/110 маркалы битумыныц физика-механикалык касиеттерi зерттелдi. Битумныц эксплуатациялык касиеттерiн жаксарту Yшiн полиэтилен (ПЭ) жэне полистирол (ПС) калдыктарымен модифицирлеу ЖYргiзiлдi. Екiншi реттiк ПЭ И-40 маркалы (пластификатор) eнеркэсiптiк маймен бiрге косылды. Пластификатор битумды полимермен араластыру уакытын азайтады, туткырлыкты арттырады жэне алынган ПБВ касиеттерiн
жаксартады. ПС битумга пластификаторсыз енгiзiледi, eйткенi ол бiр уакытта модификатор жэне пластификатор ретiнде кызмет етедi. Нэтижелер жэне талцылау. Модифицирлеушi коспаларды косканнан кейiн битумныц непзп кeрсеткiштерi жаксарганы кeрсетiлген. Полиэтилен коспасы Yшiн иненщ ену терецдт (пенетрация) 70-тен 61 мм-ге дешн, созылгыштыгы 52 см-ге азайды, бул битумныц пластикалык жэне серпiмдiлiк касиеттерi жаксарганын кeрсетедi, КиШ бойынша жумсарту температурасы 49-дан 59 0C-ка дешн ега, бул битумныц деформацияга бешмдшшнщ тeмендеуiне алып келедi, ал сынгыштык температурасы калыпты диапазонда, ягни -20 °С темен емес. Полистиролды пайдаланган жагдайда битумныц каттылыгын сипаттайтын пенетрация 70 мм-ден 61 мм-ге дешн тeмендейдi; созылгыштык 10 см-ге артады, бул пайда болатын курылымдык желшщ болуына байланысты битумныц серпiмдiлiгi мен берткттшц жаксарганын кeрсетедi. Жумсарту температурасы жогарылайды, бул битумныц ыстыкка тeзiмдiлiгi мен туткырлыгыныц жаксаруына алып келедг Тужырым. ПЭ жэне ПС калдыктарын пайдалану бастапкы шиюзатты Yнемдеуге MYMкiндiк бередi. Сондай-ак органикалык туткыр материалдардыц эксплуатациялык сипаттамаларын жаксарта отырып, кайталама полимерлi шиюзат пен пайдаланылган майлардыц калдыктарын кайта eцдеуге MYMкiндiк бередi жэне экологиягада оц эсер ететсш аныкталды.
ТYЙiндi сездер: мунай жол битумы, БНД 70/110, полимер калдыктары, полиэтилен, полистирол, ену, созылу, жумсарту жэне сынгыштык температуралары
Сатаева Сапура Саниевна Ph.D докторы, доцент
Хамзина Баян Елемесовна Ph.D докторы, ага ощытушы
Назарова Даурия Сагиндыковна техника жэне технология магистрi, ага ощытушы
Абдрахманова Айбарша Губаевна техникалъщ гылымдарыныц магистрi, ага ощытушы
Ержанова Жадыра Тойгалиевна ага ощытушы
Кажимова Айдана Жаскайратовна бтш магистрi, ага ощытушы
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ДОРОЖНОГО БИТУМА МАРКИ БНД 70/100
С. С. Сатаева1*, Б.Е. Хамзина1, Д. С. Назарова1, А. Г. Абдрахманоеа1, Ж. Т. Ержанова1, А.Ж. Кажимова2
'Западно-Казахстанский аграрно-технический университет имени Жангир хана, Уральск, Казахстан
2Казахстанский университет инновационных и телекоммуникационных систем,
Уральск, Казахстан
E-mail: [email protected]
Резюме. Введение. Практика эксплуатации автомобильных дорог РК показывает, что долговечность асфальтобетонных покрытий на них значительно ниже нормативных сроков. Поэтому поддержание автомобильных дорог в состоянии, соответствующем требованиям транспортных потоков невозможно без применения новых, прогрессивных материалов и технологий. Основным фактором, влияющим на резкое снижение сроков службы дорожных покрытий, является применение в асфальтобетонных смесях в качестве вяжущего, битума низкого качества, так как микротрещины развиваются преимущественно в его пленке. Цель - Получение асфальтобетона с улучшенными эксплуатационными характеристиками с использованием отходов полимеров. Методология работы включала исследование физико-механических свойств битума марки БНД 70/110 Актауского битумного завода. Для повышения эксплуатационных харктеристик битума проведено модифицирование отходами полиэтилена (ПЭ) и полистирола (ПС). Вторичный ПЭ добавляли вместе с отработанным индустриальным маслом марки И-40, который является
пластификатором. Пластификатор уменьшает время смешения битума с полимером, повышает вязкость и улучшает свойства получаемого ПБВ. ПС вводят в битум без пластификатора, т.к. он одновременно служит как модификатор и пластификатор. Результаты и обсуждение: Полученные данные анализа показали, что после добавления модифицирующих добавок основные показатели битума улучшились. Для ПЭ: глубина проникания иглы (пенетрация) уменьшилась с 70-ти до 61 мм, растяжимость снизилась на 52 см, что свидетельствует об улучшении пластичности и эластичности битума, температура размягчения битума по КиШ повысилась от 49 до 59°С, что приводит к снижению склонности битума к деформации, а температура хрупкости находится в пределах нормы, т.е. не менее -20 °С. В случае использования ПС пенетрация, характеризующая твердость битума уменьшается с 70 мм до 61 мм; растяжимость увеличивается на 10 см, что свидетельствует об улучшении эластичности и прочности битума, за счет наличия образовавшейся структурной сетки. Повышается температура размягчения, которая ведет к улучшению теплостойкости и вязкости битума. Заключение: Установлено, что применение вторичных отходов ПЭ и ПС позволяют сэкономить первичное сырье, а также оказывает положительное влияние на экологию, позволяя переработать отходы вторичного полимерного сырья и отработанных масел, при этом улучшаются эксплуатационные характеристики органических вяжущих материалов.
Ключевые слова: нефтяной дорожный битум, БНД 70/110, полимерные отходы, полиэтилен, полистирол, пенетрация, растяжимость, температура размягчения и хрупкости
Сатаееа Сапура Саниеена доктор Ph.D, доцент
Хамзина Баян Елемесовна доктор Ph.D, ст. преподаватель
Назарова Даурия Сагиндыковна магистр техники и технологии, ст. преподаватель
Абдрахманова Айбарша Губаевна магистр технических наук, ст. преподаватель
Ержанова Жадьгра Тойгалиевна ст. преподаватель
Кажимова Айдана Жаскайратовна магистр образования, ст. преподаватель
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