CC BY
40
YflK 629.3.015
STUDY OF HEAVY METALS PERCENTAGE IN VEGETATION GROWING ON POLLUTED SOIL
O. Sklarenko, student, E. Voronova, ass prof., E. Hobotova, ass prof.,
KhNAHV
Abstract. The purpose of the work presented is to research the heavy metals percentage in soil and plants growing in the fields of Dergachi region, Kharkiv district and fertilized by slimes, produced by Kommunar production association as well as to develop recommendations how to reduce the level of soil and vegetation pollution. 24 soil samples and 30 vegetation samples were analyzed using the experimental research method such as: atomic absorption and drop electrophoresis.
Key words: heavy metals, birtilize, slime, electrophoresis.
Introduction
Increase of heavy metals (HM) percentage in soil leads to the growth of their concentration in plants. Many facts revealed during the study of vegetation of natural geochemical anomaly proves that. The same thing happens with the antropogenically polluted soils. However if the peculiarities of vegetation growing at the polymetallic ore deposits are considered from the scientific point of view as an interesting natural phenomenon, plants reaction for the excess of heavy metals under man-caused pollution are of big practical interest as the man-caused pollution influences on forests and agricultural holdings.
Study of heavy metals percentage in vegetation
The influence of heavy metals worsens the recreation possibility of local landscapes, reduces wood productivity, doubts the quality of plants growing and stock-breeding products.
Cultivation of crops in the industrial areas is of great interest for soil scientists, agrochemists, plant-breeders, ecologists and hygienists. The experts are interested in the following issues:
- volume and biological quality of crop harvesting,
- percentage of heavy metals con in the plants.
Table 1 Vegetables polluted with HM, % of total tested material
Vegetable Zn,>MPC Cd,>MPC Cr,>MPC
Potato 0 15 15
Cabbage 0 0 0
Tomato 0 0 5
Beet 20 62 5
Carrot 0 15 15
Onion 5 10 5
The high relevance of the vegetable food issues is quite explicable. Heavy metals are accumulated in the human organism mostly through the food and to less extent through the air and water. Among foodstuffs the most polluted are those of vegetable origin.
The purpose of the present work is to research the heavy metals percentage in soil and plants, growing in the fields of Dergachi region, Kharkiv district and fertilized by slimes, produced by Kommunar production association; as well as to develop recommendations how to reduce the level of soil and vegetation.
Motor transport is one of the vegetation pollution sources. The territory polluted by motor transport is from 50 to 200 m wide line alongside the highways. The danger of such crops pollution increases due to the motor transport flow especially in densely populated
areas suffering from the lack of croplands and use of near-road lands.
24 soil samples and 30 vegetation samples were analyzed using experimental research method, such as: atomic absorption and drop
electrophoresis.
The available data (Table 1). Indicate that the percentage of heavy metals in vegetable crops varies greatly. The greatest accumulation can be found in the areas with the most polluted soil. There we can see a difference of HM level in various vegetable crops: cabbages and tomatoes contain less HM than the other crops and the highest level of HM can be found in beet and potatoes.
Concentration of HM appreciably changes at habitat reaction variation. When the pH level has decreased from 7 to 5.5 the quantity of Cd and the strongest pollutants in lettuce increased by 4 times.
Cadmium is the most interesting metal from researchers point of view. Beet is dangerously polluted with Cd on the greater part of vegetable gardens. The percentage of Cd and Cr exceeds MPC by 15% of tested carrot.
The situation with potato - the main rations vegetable cannot be called successful as the concentration of Cd and Cr exceeded the hygienic norm by 15 % of tested material.
Based on the all above mentioned we can come to a conclusion that there is an alarming circumstance in agricultural use of slimes: the aim is to provide only a temporal ecological relaxation. Practically we can observe relocation of heavy metals from precipitation storage
places to agricultural lands. The existing problem will be even more pressing for our descendants.
Conclusion
Because of high HM concentration in slimes one must be very careful using them in agriculture. It’s better to avoid using slimes for fodder crops and vegetable-growing. If it is impossible to avoid the usage of slimes it must be strictly limited.
References
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in U.K. urban gardens: implications
health // Contaminated Soil (1-st Intern. TNO Conf. of Contaminated Soil, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1985). - Dordrecht; Boston; Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff
Publishers, 1996. - P. 203 - 208.
2. John M.K. Mercury uptake from soil by
various plant species // Bull. Envir. Cont. Toxicol. - 1999. - № 8. - P. 77 - 88.
3. Foroughi M., Hoffmann G., Teicher K,
Venter F. Der Einflub unterschiedlich hoher Gaben von Cadmium, Chrom oder Nickel auf Tomaten in Nahrlosong // Stand und Leistung agrikulturchemischer und agrarbiologischer Forschung. - 2005. -Vol. 30. - P. 37 - 48.
4. Antonovics J., Bradshow A.D., Turner R.G.
Heavy metal tolerance in plants // Advances in Ecological Research. - L; N.Y: Academic Press, 1900. - Vol. 2. - P. 2 - 86.
Рецензент: Е.И. Позднякова, доцент, к.х.н., ХНАДУ.
Статья поступила в редакцию 23 мая 2007 г.
