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83Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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STUDY OF COLLOQUIAL SPEECH BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
This article presents the utilisation of Colloquial speech English language. And it is about the usage of Colloquial speech during the conversation. It answers questions like how to define Colloqualism in the English literature? It examines a number of works by people who belong to different periods of English language.
Keywords: Colloquial speech, Colloqualism, Dialect, Proverbs, Ideomatic expressions , Nonstandard grammar
В данной статье представлено использование разговорной речи английского языка. И речь идет об использовании разговорной речи во время разговора. Он отвечает на такие вопросы, как определение коллоквализма в английской литературе? Рассматривается ряд произведений людей, принадлежащих к разным периодам развития английского языка.
Ключевые слова: Разговорная речь, Разговорность, Диалект, Пословицы, Идеоматические выражения, Нестандартная грамматика.
INTRODUCTION
There is a type of speech that can be called colloquial speech. And there is a question that we should answer .First of all , what is Colloquial speech? Colloquial speech is the usage of informal, everyday language during the conversation. And it is the way of using word that can not be formal in term of linguistics. And let's define the meaning of this word. The word "Colloquial" derives from the Latin word "colloquium," and means "speaking together" or "conversation." From this translation we can see that Colloquial speech is a one of the most important parts of speaking in the community. And it the usage of it depends on the speaking area too which means dielects of language. Colloquialisms often contain specific dialects, or language variants spoken by native speakers in certain regions. For example: we can utilize the American English or British English and etc.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
One of the visible features of Colloqualism is that it can not be formal language, because the choice of words depends on the speaker who want to give information to
Shakarova Zarnigor Yusupovna
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
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the addressee. And it will be understandable for both to the speaker and addressee too. For instance, while we are speaking we try to choose the words which are easy to understand and clear for the addressee. Common forms of colloquialism include: -proverbs and aphorisms
For instance," Better late than never." It is one of the most popular proverbs in English language and it means that if you could not do your task on time, you should try to do something late than not to do it at all. It can also mean you are never too old to do something you want to do. -idiomatic expressions .
For example: The Idiom "once in a blue moon" is used to talk about something that you do rarely or frequently.As an example we can analyse the sentence "Once in a blue moon I and my friend Azizaxon eat at a very expensive restaurant". From this sentence the one who are listening to you can understand that I and Azizaxon frequently eat at a very expensive restaurant. -regional terms or phrases
For this type of words, we can give an example like "Bless your heart." And it is used to show affection or sympathy for someone. -nonstandard grammar or syntax
"I ain't done nothing!" From this kind of example we can see that during the conversation speaker can use not fully sentence in terms of synatx or sentences can not be correct from the point of grammar, namely, instead of using "I am on the way of home" speaker can tell " on the way of home" but it will be clear for addressee. It shows that they can be used during the dialogues between people
For instance, frequent colloquialisms used are gonna and wanna which refer to the phrases 'going to' and 'want to'. For example, "You're gonna wanna see this!"Y'all is used as a shortened version of 'you all' For example, "are y'all coming to the movies this weekend?."Buzz off' is used to tell someone to go away.Being blue is used to refer to being sad. For example, "my brother has been blue all day."
According to these examples we can say that colloquial speech can be the words or phrases that are neither formal nor literary and it is used during every day speech. In colloquialism we can use wide variety of interjections and other expressive devices.It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.For example :"It's wicked good" (region: Northeastern United States)
"It's my cup of tea" (region: England) "O, brave!" (time period: sixteenth century)
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"It's bad" (social group: African American; time period: late 20th century)
This style often follows the rules of literary language. Colloquial speech is often in the form of dialogue. A speech composed of the bite of two or more persons is called dialogic speech. Colloquial speech can often be made up of different stylistic words, grammatical devices, and sounds.In colloquial speech, the order of words in a sentence is much freer. More simple sentences, incomplete sentences, motivational sentences are used. In the family, on the street, the way people communicate is called the colloquial speech. Colloquial speech includes both literary and casual style. A style of speech that adheres to the norms of literary language is a style of literary speech, and a style of speech that does not have this feature is a simple style of speech. Both types of conversations often take the form of dialogues. In this style, the words are usually full of irony, pitching, and sneering. Another characteristic of the style of speech is freedom. Sentences are short and concise, and often use words - daps, incomplete sentences, proverbs and sayings, and phrases. A vernacular is the language spoken by a people. Literary language is a language that is structured, developed, and polished according to certain language rules. The vernacular is broader and includes dialects, professional words, terms, jargons, and words related to a certain category (a social group). Speech in this language is free and not based on language rules.
Colloquial speech is characterized by strong dialectal features.That's where the speaker comes from it is easy to determine which dialect is represented. In this style, based on the relationship between the speaker and the listener, words that express a positive or negative attitude are often used. Positive forms of subjective evaluation in the expression of attitude, from euphemisms, negative and harsh words and phrases are used to describe attitudes. Serving a narrow range of social groups in a colloquial speech words form a separate layer. And let's explore the colloquial speech in the literature of English language .Ernest Hemingway said, "All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn." Mark Twain's use of colloquial language and dialogue steeped in vernacular dialect defined not only his own work, but that of most contemporary American authors who followed. We wwill begin to analyse from the work "Mice and Men" by John Steinbeck .In this work George Little and his friend Lennie are migrant laborers in Depression-era California. They're making their way by bus and on foot to a ranch where they hope to find work. George says: We could just as well of rode clear to the ranch if that bastard bus driver knew what he was talkin' about. "Jes' a little stretch down the high," he says. "Jes' a little stretch." God damn near four miles, that's what
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it was! Didn't wanta stop at the ranch gate, that's what. Too God damn lazy to pull up. Wonder he isn't too damn good to stop in Soledad at all.
In this conversation we can see that George speaks the colloquial American English of a working-class man in the 1920s. He uses "of" for "have," "says" for "said," and frequent profanity. George also uses colloquial pronunciations, such as swallowing the end of "talking" and saying "jes'" instead of "just."
Steinbeck chose to depict working-class life as realistically as possible to rouse readers toward social change. George's colloquial speech makes him a believable character, which encourages readers to believe Steinbeck's portrayal.
Next work is the famous work of William Shakespeare, "Romeo and Juliet". This work belongs to medieval period of English language.In this work the Nurse is a working-class woman hired to raise Juliet. Here she remembers an occasion on which the infant Juliet threw a tantrum:
Nay, I do bear a brain. But as I said, When it did taste the wormwood on the nipple Of my dug and felt it bitter, pretty fool, To see it tetchy and fall out with the dug!
The Nurse uses colloquial working-class expressions, such as "I do bear a brain" ("I'm not stupid"), "pretty fool," and "dug" (breast)—an earthy, sensual language that wouldn't be appropriate for an aristocratic character like Juliet, who speaks in an elevated, poetic manner. Shakespeare relies on the Nurse's colloquialisms to add an element of raw physicality to Juliet's idealistic romance—one that the teenager can't express herself.
After analysing the "Romeo and Juliet" we will talk about James "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" by James Joyce.Joyce's novel begins with the childhood of his protagonist, Stephen Dedalus:Once upon a time and a very good time it was there was a moocow coming down along the road and this moocow coming down along the road met a nicens little boy named baby tuckoo.
Joyce's third-person narrator uses the colloquial speech patterns of an adult talking to a child to suggest the way his infant protagonist experiences language. The device enables Joyce to create a vivid sense of a child's perspective from within, rather than describing childhood from an adult's point of view.
From this examples we can say that , colloquial speech is used not only in a Modern period of English but also in the history of English language. It is the common types of speaking in the community. And with the help of it we can understand each other more easily.
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In some cases, phonetic devices are used more in colloquial speech. Phonetic devices are some of the sounds, accents, tones, and their speech effects. Prolonged pronunciation of vowels in a word conveys connotative meanings such as surprise, emphasis, reinforcement, excitement, applause, caress, lick. For example, Eliceeeee, you are weeeeeelcome!! .Letter is in the biiiiiig envelope!!!. The hesitation of consonants serves to express strong emotion, fear or speech impediment. For example, be fasterrrrrrrrrr, I'm cold! (M.Ismaili)
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Colloquial language is something that you are going to come across very frequently when speaking and reading in the English language. It is a way of speaking that is casual and is used in many informal conversations. It is also used in a literary context by writers when they wish to give the piece of writing a less formal tone and is a great way to connect with the reader.
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