CC BY
22
DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-101-108
Structure of students' health formation at medical academy: problems and
innovations
Ildus G. Gibadullin1, Aleksandr S. Torokhov1*, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva3
1Izhevsk State Technical University named after M.T. Kalashnikov
Izhevsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-6386-1121, gIbadullinildus@yandex.ru 2Izhevsk State Medical Academy Izhevsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-8580-0944, torhov78@mail.ru* 3Yelabuga Institute (branch) of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Yelabuga, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-9387-7033, mutaeva-i@mail.ru
Abstract: The article presents structural components. They characterize health level of students. We revealed the necessity to divide students taking into account the deviations in health state. It is underlined that a person's health state is conditioned by motivational mindset to realize motor activity taking into consideration personal level of physical health. We revealed the necessity to define structural components of a person's health as the main factor of health-improving program planning and modification. Mechanisms of bioenergetics of muscle activity development are the base for students' physical health formation. The aim of the present research work was the conditions of health groups formation and structural components of students' health study at medical academy. Research methods. We organized scientific-methodical sources analysis concerning the questions of general basis of students' health state complex evaluation. We studied students' medical cards in the medical room of the academy. We also organized students' health state express-evaluation (the main and preparatory groups) taking into account 10 most informative indices, such as heart rate, blood pressure, life index, height-weight index, motor activity, endurance according to 2000 meters running, power oriented endurance, hands dynamometry and chronic diseases. All absolute values of the tests were turned into points in order to estimate health level. Health level in students of the main and preparatory groups was held according to the following scale: 5,0 and higher - very high level; 4,9-4,0 - high; 3,9-3,0 -average; 2,9-2,0 - below the average; 1,9-1,0 and lower - low. Results. We defined the indices of health structural components for a complex estimation of organism activity and health-improving and training effects correction. We revealed the kinds of deviations according to the information from students' medical cards, different kinds of deviations in students' organisms functioning. The characteristics of the main structural components, which form students' health level, were transformed into points and it makes the correction of the training effects possible. We revealed the directions of the oncoming problem in terms of risk of different diseases prediction. They prevent students' comfortable life. Innovative directions of students' health level increase were defined. Conclusion. Studying the main components of students' health at higher educational establishments is the main objective during students' positive attitude to a healthy life style formation. The potential of health-improving and training programs realization for students is in the database of physical health creation as the ground for professional working capacity and organism activity increase in stress situations appearing in modern society. In order to correct all components in students health structure it is necessary to correct health-improving and training programs, taking into account the mistakes of methodical character.
Keywords: structural components of health, students of special medical groups, deviations in health state, healthy life style.
For citation: Ildus G. Gibadullin, Aleksandr S. Torokhov*, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva. Structure of students' health formation at medical academy: problems and innovations. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sports. 2021; 16(1): 81-86. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-101-108.
INTRODUCTION
Health of a modern person is considered in several aspects: social, physical and psychophysiological. In terms of educational establishments student environment is formed, where it is especially important to demonstrate all health aspects of a modern student. High demands are claimed on the states concerning life conditions of students, in order to let them develop and at the same time preserve their health.
Specialists, who study health of modern students and teachers, underline negative tendency in a healthy life style formation in students of higher educational establishments [1,5,6,9]. The authors in their research works clearly define the tendency of motor activity decrease in students, especially during examinations. Almost for 67%, students leads to physical health level decrease and the risk of diseases increase.
G.A. Gavronina (2008), analyzing motivational-axiological attitude of female students from a special medical group to physical culture, underlines the need for innovative methodologies creation. It would include the means according to girls' personal health level [3].
N.P. Gorbunov and other authors (2005) revealed experimentally the effectiveness of power oriented means during physical upbringing of female students with deviations in health state, increasing the need for a healthy life style [4].
I.G. Kalina (2005) in the research works connected with the increase of the need for physical-sports activity in teachers taking into consideration their health level demonstration, considers an optimal motor activity as the factor of physical and spiritual state optimization [5]
S.V. Titov (2013), studying physical readiness of special medical groups students, came to the conclusion that the means of athletic gymnastics realization, directed toward physical development and weight correction, provided lessons effectiveness increase. It led to physical readiness level increase by 27% [8,10,11,12].
The aim of the present research work was studying the conditions of forming health groups and structural components of health level demonstration in the students of medical academy.
Examination of health components structure in students of medical academy was held since 2016-2017 academic year till September, 2020. The students of the 1st course of Izhevsk State Medical Academy took part in the research (230 people). Since 2016-2017 academic year we analyzed the structural health components. The main structural components of health formation were the following: different chronic diseases revelation in the students and their health level estimation using 10 components of health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Scientific-methodical sources analysis was held concerning the questions of general basis of students' physical health complex estimation. We examined medical cards of students according to medical room records at the academy. We revealed the structure of sickness rate and deviations in health state in students of the main and preparatory groups, taking into account 10 most informative indices, such as heart rate, blood pressure, life index, height- index, motor activity, endurance according to 2000 meters running, power oriented endurance, hands dynamometry and chronic diseases. All absolute values according to tests among the students are turned into points in order to estimate health level. Students' health level at the main and the preparatory groups was estimated according to the following scale:
- 5,0 and higher - very high level;
- 4,9-4,0 - high level;
- 3,9-3,0 - average level;
- 2,9-2,0 - below the average level;
- 1,9-1,0 and lower - low level.
Results and Discussion
The questions of students' health formation in different periods help to reveal their health group, form an individual program of health-improving and training lessons of aerobic orientation and predict the risk of different diseases.
At the first stage of our research works we analyzed the distribution of students according to health groups in the dynamics of several years.
Picture 1 presents the distribution of students into health groups in the dynamics of 6
academic years.
In the group of boys the main health group in 2016-2017 was 74%; in 2017-2018- 81%; in 20182019 - 80%; in 2019-2020- 80%; in 2020-2021 -75% (picture 1).
Among the boys with deviations in health and chronic diseases the dynamics was the following: in 2016-2017- 28%; in 2017-2018- 19%; in 2018-2019- 20%; in 2019-2020- 20%; in 20202021- 25% (picture 1).
We see stable wave-like dynamics of students with deviations in health state. In the opinion of the specialists, such situation in the structure of health groups formation among the students of higher
we don't predict the risk and do nothing we can see sickness rate increase.
In the group of girls the main health group in 2016-2017 included 72%; in 2017-2018- 74%; in 2018-2019- 72%; in 2019-2020 - 77%; in 20202021- 71% (picture 2).In the group with deviations and chronic diseases the dynamics among the girls was the following: in 2016-2017 -28%; in 2017-2018 - 26%; in 2018-2019- 28%; in 2019-2020- 23%; in 2020-2021- 29% (picture 1). Among the girls we see the amount of preparatory group students increase. We revealed wave-like change of female students. They were included into preparatory and special health groups.
educational establishments proves the fact that if
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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1M IP
s
Picture 1 - Dynamics of students distribution into health groups in the dynamics of 6 years (boys), %
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
A A ^ ç> s,
rRf> ^ rS^ r»V
J* A ^ # # # # #
1 1
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S
Picture 2 - Dynamics of students distribution
into health groups in dynamics of 6 years (girls), _%_
35%.
17,00%
23%
sNMS LMA
BALLERGY HARD
Picture 3 - Kinds of deviations in health state of boys,
27%
12%
wNMS ■ GIT HARD
Picture 4 - Kinds of deviations in health state of girls,
Notes: CVS - cardiovascular system; NMS - neuromuscular system; LMA - locomotor apparatus; ' GIT - gastro-intestinal tract; ARD- acute respiratory disease_
Notes: M - main group; P - preparatory group; S - Special group
During medical cards analysis we revealed different kinds of health state deviations in the students of Medical Academy.
Picture 3 presents different kinds of deviations in health state among the students of Medical Academy.
Pictures 3, 4 show that all kinds of health state deviations can be among the students. This forms the base for distribution of students into health groups. It helps to form an individual program of health-improving and training lessons of aerobic orientation.
Considering the main indices in the structure of students' health we create a tactical plan of motor activity correction and predict the risk of dangerous diseases appearance.
The first index in the structure of students' health is the frequency of heart rate, which is studied in terms of relative rest. This index helps to estimate heart work. In case of sufficient motor activity pulse becomes slower, which proves economic work of heart. During health-improving aerobic orientation program realization we mention heart rate slow down among the students, which proves the necessity to create modified programs of physical culture-health-improving orientation, taking into account students' health groups.
Arterial pressure is also a control index for arterial pressure normalization taking into account the stages of hypertension and hypotonia. Pressure normalization in students happens during systematic lessons and if they observe healthy life style principles.
The next component in the structure of students' health is life index. It demands constant control over expiratory vital capacity indices. They characterize working capacity of lungs, endurance and different diseases resistance. In case of regular aerobic orientation lessons life index of students has the tendency to increase.
Height-weight index is necessary in order to estimate metabolic processes of organism vital activity. During health-improving trainings students are recommended to pay attention to nutrition normalization, weight and physical activity control. Thus, present explanation of students' health the first place gives to the program of aerobic training as the condition for health correction. During general health level estimation among students an important structural component is the volume of motor activity. It means the experience of constant training and health-improving activity and sports sections attendance.
It is a well-known fact that in case of aerobic loads absence general endurance of an organism gradually decreases. We chose an important test for endurance level and general working capacity level of cardiovascular system determination among the students. It is 2000 meters running, as it was revealed that there is interconnection between the indices of 2000 meters running and a functional state of an organism. At the same time we revealed the effectiveness of organism functioning and several diseases resistance.
Power oriented indices as the component in the structure of students' health are very important. Power oriented indices correction helps to increase general endurance of an organism. Simple tests for this purpose are the following: pull-up (for boys) and dip up in prone position (for girls).
Generally adopted "Standing long-jump" test helps to estimate not only speed-power oriented abilities of students' organisms, but also dexterity, coordination, vestibular tolerance, flexibility of a spine.
The next component of health is the work of immune system. It is characterized by chronic diseases presence or absence. All mentioned structural components, which characterize health level among students, are estimated in points and are estimated according to the evaluation scale. Potential of such an approach is in the fact that systematic control and correction of the training and health-improving programs can be held. WE organized a complex estimation of students' health level at Medical Academy. As the main structural components of health formation we define 10 interconnected indices. They characterize different sides of functional abilities demonstration.
Table 1 presents the indices of students' health estimation at Medical Academy during the period 2018-2020 according to 10 indices characterized above. When we added all points, received owing to all absolute values change into points, we estimated the results of boys and girls.
Table 1 - Health level estimation in the students of Medical Academy during 2018-2020 academic year
Students Year Health level
Very high High Average Below the average Low
Boys (n=63) 2018-2019 30,15% (n=19) 23,81% (n=15) 55,55% (n=35) 31,74% (n=20) 17,46% (n=11)
2019-2020 26,98% (n=i7) 20,63% (n=13) 57,14% (n=36) 34,92% (n=22) 19,04% (n=12)
Difference within the studied period - 2(3,17%) - 2(3,17%) + 1(1,58%) + 2(3,17%) + 1(1,58%)
Girls (n=67) 2018-2019 11,94% (n=8) 10,44% (n=7) 47,76% (n=32) 37,31% (n =25) 47,79% (n=28)
2019-2020 10,44% (n=7) 11,94% (n=8) 40,29% (n=27) 44,77% (n=3o) 47,79% (n=28)
Difference within the studied period - 1(1,58%) - 1(1,58%) -5(7,46%) + 5(7,46%) 0
Table 1 shows that health level in boys and girls differs. There is the tendency of health level decrease from year to year. In the group of boys we see the amount of students decrease with a very high and high health level by 3,17% owing to the level of physical health decrease till the average, below the average and low level by 1,58%, 3,17%, 1,58%.
We see the amount of girls decrease with a very high, high and the average health level by 1,58%, 1,58% and 7,46%. This decrease happens owing to the amount of girls increase with below the average health level by 7,46%.
Thus, the held analysis of students' structural health components showed that it is necessary to form the system of health control and estimation from the position of modern physiology taking into account adaptive mechanisms of life organisms. In order to achieve high level of adaptive-compensatory changes it is necessary to take into account the following factors during physical culture-sports and health-improving programs planning:
- motor activity;
- physical working capacity;
- level of physical readiness;
- efficiency of organism rehabilitation after psychic and physical loads influence.
Taking into account adaptive mechanisms of biological systems of an organism helps to create the main principles of health-improving and training programs organization.
In the opinion of several specialists,
the leading elements of complex program of physical, psychological, functional training. They form practical base for neotechnologies, are the following: health-improving, hypoxic, hyperpyretic, ergogenic effects, methods of active self-regulation and muscle relaxation, biological feedback and biorhythmological correction [2].
CONCLUSION
The problem of students' health is top-priority objective of a modern society. It demands positive attitude formation to the system of a healthy life style. The potential of health-improving and training programs realization for students is in the database of physical health creation as the ground for professional working capacity and organism activity increase in stress situations appearing in modern society.
In order to correct all components in students health structure it is necessary to correct health-improving and training programs, taking into account the mistakes of methodical character. Distributions of students at the beginning of an academic year according to health groups helps to reveal and estimate the risks to define chronic diseases, correct the created modified programs of different orientation. This research work forms the base for innovative programs of student' health improvement in modern society.
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Submitted: 12.02.2021 Author's information:
Ildus G. Gibadullin - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, M.T. Kalashnikov State Technical University, Izhevsk, 426000, Russia, Izhevsk, Studencheskaya str., House 67, e-mail: gIbadullinildus@yandex.ru Aleksandr S. Torokhov - Senior Lecturer, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 426056, Russia, Izhevsk, Kommunarov str., House 281, e-mail: torhov78@mail.ru
Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Professor, Yelabuga Institute (branch) of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 423600, Russia, Yelabuga, Kazanskaya str., House 89, e-mail: mutaeva-i@mail.ru
