21Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-419-425
STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF KNITTED FABRICS
Rashida Abduganievna Ergasheva
Senior Lecturer Namangan Institute of Engineering Technology E-mail:
ergashevarashida@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Raw materials are one of the most important factors in increasing the range of knitted products. Different results can be achieved by using different fibers and yarns in the same color and pattern [13]. The structure of the knitwear is determined by its size, shape and adaptation of its elements: hoop and additional yarns, etc. It is recommended for the production of underwear and linen knitwear with excellent properties of flax due to the combination of mixed fibers.
Keywords: industry, soft fiber, knitwear, clothing model
It is necessary to technically restructure the enterprises of the light industry, to introduce complex mechanized processes, new equipment and advanced technologies, the use of new materials, as well as to unify the contours of clothing details, base structures to automate technological processes. The basis for this is created during the design of clothes, so that the finished garment is of high quality and its sewing is cost-effective. That is why the workers of the garment industry are looking for opportunities to improve the quality of future products during design. The design of a garment is the most important and complex creative part of its design, depending on the solution of artistic design and technical tasks. Clothing design is a set of details and materials that make up a garment, as well as the methods and means of combining them into a single product of a certain size and shape. The design of different and model garments varies depending on the improvement of their sewing technology and fashion. This complicates the development of a new model of clothing design. Typical and base construction are widely used to facilitate the work. Many manufactured garment designs are based on scientific advances and many years of experience in the field of design [14]. It also uses the achievements in the field of applied anthropology, materials science, sewing technology, clothing hygiene, as well as in the organization of work and savings in garment enterprises. For this purpose, modern mathematical models and electronic
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Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-419-425
computers are increasingly used computers. Existing computers allow the development of data obtained by measuring the body of the garment, solving complex calculations taking into account the many computational parameters of the template details and creating graphs with the help of various tools. The main issues to be addressed in the design of clothing are the shape and the ability to create it. Modern clothes are mainly made of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics, leather, fur and other fabrics. At present, there are joint knitting enterprises in the country, such as htKashteksll, hinChina textile LTDII, —Kabul-Fergana SMEll, —Oksaray textile LTDll, in Namangan region —Vadil wood tradell, Dilrabo SDA in Turakurgan district, IPOO lfAlfi textile! joint venture located in Shahand rural citizens' counsel and more than 50 similar knitting and sewing enterprises produce high-quality underwear, light and outerwear for men, men, women and children. the number and type of domestic knitwear is increasing. Because natural fibrous knitted fabrics are soft and flexible to the body, fully meet the hygienic requirements. For example, the private enterprise Dilrabo SDA, which operates in Turakurgan and Chust, Namangan region, produces men's and women's knitted nightgowns and underwear, taking into account the hygienic properties. The company checks the quality of fabrics on the equipment "CETRON". —OTAMANll brand equipment for sewing fabrics, —TESANll and —SABRIll sewing machines, —PROTEXll and —TUPICALll sewing machines. Technological process of making men's knitted T-shirts at Dilrabo SDA private enterprise
- attachment of the shoulder seam;
- Sew ribbons on the neck;
- Put a sewn rib on the back of the ribbon;
- Stitching on the back and front of the neck of the T-shirt;
- attach the most part to the most vulva;
- stitching;
- sewing the hem of the T-shirt;
- cleaning of yarns of the finished product;
- ironing of finished products;
- labeling and final inspection of the finished product;
- packaging and preparation of finished products for sale
.Technological process of making men's and children's knitted sets at the private enterprise "Dilrabo SDA"
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Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-419-425
- stitching on the neck;
- Sew the front and back shoulders;
- Sew a necklace to the neck;
- stitching;
- Fold the top and skirt;
- Sew the front of the truss;
- Do not sew;
- Sew the front and back of the truss;
- sewing;
- Sew the truss cut;
- Sew the rubber to the top of the panties;
- cleaning the finished product from excess yarn;
- ironing of finished products;
- labeling and final inspection of the finished product;
- packaging and preparation of finished products for sale.
Technological process of making women's knitted nightgowns at the private enterprise Dilrabo SDA
- sewing a decorative net on a coquette;
- shoulder stitching;
- sewing a bar on the front coquette;
- stitching on the neck;
- Sew the coquette to the base;
- Sew the sleeve to the waist;
- Bending the top and skirt shears;
- buttoning on the bar;
- cleaning the finished product from excess yarn;
- ironing of finished products;
- labeling and final inspection of the finished product;
- packaging and preparation of finished products for sale. 1.2 Structure and composition of knitted fabrics Knitwear is a fabric consisting of rings on two products
it is said. The hoop is the main element of knitted fabric or products, the shape of which is caused by the bending of the yarn. In knitting, the width of the fabric or product,
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Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-419-425
that is, the location of the transverse rings is usually called the row of rings, and vice versa, the placement of the neck, ie longitudinally, is called the ring column. Knitted fabrics are made of cotton fiber fabrics, wool fabric, pure wool, half wool, staples, man-made and synthetic fibers.
1.3. Selection of sewing and knitting fabrics in the new structure Raw materials are one of the most important factors in increasing the range of knitted products. Different results can be achieved by using different fibers and yarns in the same color and pattern [13]. The structure of the knitwear is determined by its size, shape and adaptation of its elements: the loop and additional yarns, etc.
It is recommended for the production of underwear and linen knitwear with excellent properties of flax due to the combination of mixed fibers. Linen fabrics attracted the whole world, even the ancient Egyptians used linen to sew light and outerwear, scarves and sheets. Initially, mixed fiber improvement technology was introduced because it was difficult to obtain yarn from coarse flax fiber under production conditions. A variety of knitted fabrics can be obtained based on the combination of cotton, wool and synthetic fibers with flax yarn. On the basis of the presence of two different yarns consisting of different fibers, mixed woven fabrics can be obtained. For example: 31 tex cotton yarn 17.6; 15.4; 15.6; with a textile capron, a mixture of 4.8-textile trilobal and 2.2-textile monocapron, it is extremely abrasion-resistant, soft and has body-smoothing properties. As a result of scientific research on the development of knitted composite fiber fabrics consisting of different percentages, great positive results are being achieved.
1.4 Analysis of the process of production of garments from knitted fabrics No frequent changes in fashion in knitwear have been identified. If shape and structural lines play an important role in the fabric, these factors do not play a major role in knitting. The fashion in knitwear is to get a new texture, to change patterns. One of the main tasks in the production of knitwear is to increase the range and improve the quality. For this, attention is paid to the design of knitwear. In the production of knitwear, the main attention is paid to the composition and pattern of the text. The designer must have a thorough knowledge of the knitting design process, composition and technology. Fiber is a necessary raw material for the production of knitted fabrics. Therefore, extiej, aesthetics vary depending on the nature and type of different fibers, yarns used in the fabric. Knitted patterns consist of geometric shapes: circle, rectangle, triangle rhombuses,
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Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-419-425
which are formed by the structure of the human body. The fabric can also have one or more patterns.
The pattern did not change the man according to his purpose, but was distinguished by the fact that the figure was clearly visible, the harmony of colors, the completion of the flowers and the pattern. Creating a pattern requires the designer to be able to observe, feel, feel the rhythm. He must be able to divide the upper and lower parts of a patterned garment into parts, to circle it, to separate some detail. The main task of designing knitwear is to enrich the artistic image of the garment. The pattern on a particular piece of clothing provides a solution to a common emotional task. Special patterns in clothing represent the process of living in different ways. The pattern adorns the garment, signifying both firmness. Patterns distinguish two elegant everyday clothes. The pattern should match the character of the dress. Clothing shape, design solution, fabric technology depends on the pattern. For example, the pattern of everyday clothes should be calm, firm and good. Clothing patterns for luxury and relaxation are required to be beautiful, fun and elegant. The composition of the pattern is diverse. Every designer chooses patterns with their own worldview. In some cases, the artistic pattern takes on the same color. The law of obedience is subject to the dominant law in the primary composition (the idea of divinity). In this case, the pattern is significant with one or more ideas, size and shape, texture and color. It consists of a three-component law-dress and a pattern of different orientations. It melts the three phases of the direction (three dimensions, three different intervals between ideas) and its repetition.
1.5. Analysis of the range of sewing and knitting products
At present, the knitting industry of the textile industry occupies a very wide place. In ancient times, there were 22 knitting enterprises in Russia with a population of 3,000. In 1913 per capita: 0.2 pairs of hosiery, 0.005 underwear, 0.001 top knitwear, 6.5 pairs of hosiery by 1968 (including 3.4 domestic underwear). knitwear and 1.2 top knitwear). Later, the production of various knitted items with 400 items began. The range of knitted products is expanding due to high-tension knitting equipment. The beauty of knitwear is attractive
Appearance, lightness, elasticity, air permeability, moisture absorption, etc. are widely used by the population. for children), knitted sweaters, jackets, belts and blouses are produced. Top knitwear is distinguished by the type of textile pattern, weaving and raw materials. Various natural and chemical woven yarns are used in the production of
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Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-419-425
top knitted fabrics. When designing top knitwear, semi-regular and regular methods of sewing are used. All top knitwear is divided into workwear: adults and children are divided into knitwear. One of the important aspects in the development of outerwear for adults is the interchangeability of clothing models. Exchange of shapes in clothing; the method of technological processing and the creation of new types of clothing will lead to the expansion of the range of knitted products. In the following periods, four basic shapes of knitted products have been identified: straight-shaped, cut-out, semi-knitted, and cut along the box line. Proper styling is recommended for top knitwear. The reason is that a properly shaped top knit is beautiful, comfortable and leads to maximum savings in fabric. Mainly 10x2 for the production of adult top knitwear; 25x2; 29.4x2 text cotton thread is used. Adult top knitwear includes jumpers, jackets, leggings, sweaters, shirts and suits, pants, pajamas, gowns, blouses, sarochkabop shirts and sports pants. Today, adult top knitwear such as shirts, suit twins, suit threesomes, sundresses: 44; 46; 48; 50; 52; 54; Available in 56 and 58 sizes. Children's top knitwear. Shirts and suits Children's tops differ from adults in a variety of sizes and models of knitwear. Children's jackets, jumpers and belts: 26; 28; 30; 32; 34; 36; 38; Produced on the basis of sizes 40 and 42. Sizes 36-38 can be based on a single height. The adult top range includes suits, shirts, blouses, jackets, jumpers and vests, which are also found in the children's top range, as well as coats, overalls and blouses from the top knit wardrobe. Coats, shirts, overalls and blouses 24; 26; 28; 30 and 32 suits and 34; 36; 38; Produced in sizes 40 and 42. Coats and capes are single- and double-breasted, extended to the hem, sewn along the waistline, lined and unlined, long-sleeved and regular, wide-brimmed, double-breasted hat, crocheted double-breasted pocket, with and without belts. . The cover is a uniformly expanded expanded uniform and has an attached shaped folded and unfolded.
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Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-419-425
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