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ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF MILITARY DISCOURSE TERMINOLOGY AND ITS USE IN TRANSLATION Razakova Sh.D. Email: [email protected]
Razakova Shakhnoza Dusmamatovna — Teacher, LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT, THE CHIRCHIQ HIGHER TANK COMMAND AND ENGINEERING SCHOOL, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in modern linguistics, there is an increased interest in the study individual language serving specific areas of professional [1]. Linguists' attention to languages for special purposes is primarily due to the increase in the number of terms in various sciences. The spread of terminological vocabulary in the speech of people beyond the lame situations of communication related to professional activities, it is a kind of sign of our time. In modern conditions the use of terms is no longer the prerogative of specialists in one area or another.
Keywords: military, discourse, structural, term, weapons, semantic, combinations.
СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ ВОЕННОГО ДИСКУРСА И ЕЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ В ПЕРЕВОДЕ Разакова Ш.Д.
Разакова Шахноза Дусмаматовна — преподаватель, кафедра языков,
Чирчикское высшее танковое командно-инженерное училище, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: сегодня в современной лингвистике возрастает интерес к изучению индивидуального языка, обслуживающего конкретные профессиональные направления [1]. Внимание лингвистов к языкам специального назначения связано в первую очередь с увеличением количества терминов в различных науках. Распространение терминологической лексики в речи людей за пределы хронических ситуаций общения, связанных с профессиональной деятельностью, является своеобразным признаком нашего времени. В современных условиях использование терминов больше не является прерогативой специалистов в той или иной области.
Ключевые слова: военный, дискурс, структурный, термин, оружие, семантический, комбинации.
UDC 811.11-112
This trend is also true for vocabulary military discourse: "Military terminology regularly consumed in a variety of contexts and is in a state of intense development in the conditions of modern technical progress" [4].
In this article, we will discuss structural and semantic features of the English military terminology used in the publicystic texts, and ways its translation into Uzbek language. Newly appeared the terms create significant difficulties when reload them into another language.
The concept of "military term".
The military term is defined as "a stable unit of synthetics of an analytical nomination assigned to the relevant concept in the conceptual and functional system of a certain sphere in profession in the meaning regulated by its definition" [2]. Military terminology is complex, extremely dynamic object of study and is the most mobile part of the military sublanguage. The formation of new terms can be due to the emergence of new weapons, military equipment, the development of new methods of warfare or the reorganization of armed forces.
Terms are created by standard word-formation models, as well as any lexical units of a certain natural language [3]. The completion of the terminological part of the language can be carried out by compounding, affixation, conversion, word or term, direct borrowing words from Greek and Latin, formation of complex terminological groups. Some ways to get preferential spread, and others are used very rarely [2].
This article will consider the most productive events of the formation of modern terminological vocabulary of military discourse. Our study found that the most productive way to form a term seemed to be the combination of multicomponent terminology under which are understood "separate formatted, half lexeme, semantically coherent combinations, constructed through two, three or more elements [3].
So, multicomponent terminological combinations are the optimal language tool in the field of modern terms. According to the data obtained as a result of our research, this method formed 55% of two-component terminology combinations, 22% three-component, 6% four-component and 1.2% five-component.
The predominant way of formation of terminological military vocabulary discourse are two-and three component terminologies specific combinations consisting of a nuclear element indicating the generic feature of the concept and the thematic group, and attribute ailment, transmitting a distinctive species characteristic of the concept.
Structural formulas of two-component and three-component military terminology combinations and peculiarities of their translation.
The analysis revealed a number of the most productive models of education of two-and three-component, the structural formula of which can be submit as follows: A+N-smoothbore gun "soft handled gun"; N+N - barrel life "the persistence of the barrel", centerline droptank "under-spring central container"; PI+N-discarding sabot "detachable pallet (projectile)"; A+N+N - kinetic energy rounds "armor piercing projectiles", active protection system "active protection complex"; A+A+N-hybrid asymmetric warfare "qualified asymmetric war"; N+N+N-fire control system "system controlling the fire"; PII+N+N-unarmed surveillance drones "removed vehicle without combat charge".
The attributive component of English military terms can be pronounced the word composite with defies writing. By this method 35% of two-component and 28% of three-component vehicles were formed.
The main method of translation of two-component and three-components is the vehicle tracing (light-weight drones "lightweight planes), descriptive translation (bunker-buster weapon "weapon, applying for the destruction of bunkers"), as well as transcription / transliteration for transmission of single-word terms in the composition of the multicomponent terminological combinations (pocket-size drone "small drone").
The length increases its semantic capacity, but at the same time leads to the weakening of inter-component semantic valence, which requires the translator to develop a specific strategy for the translation of terms. The analysis revealed that only about 60% of complex terminological groups transferred their vocabulary according its own vocabulary equivalent and the rest are the result of the analysis and synthesis of equivalent in the translating language.
References / Список литературы
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2. Бархударов Л.С. Язык и перевод (вопросы общей и частной теории перевода) / Л.С. Бархударов. Москва: Международные отношения, 1975. 240 с.
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6. Закатей А.Ф., Шарипова Д.М. // Иностранный язык для специалистов: психологические, методические, лингвистические аспекты. Москва: Наука, 1990. С. 127-134.
