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UDK 841
Irisbaev T., PhD
Associate professor of Uzbek language and literature Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute Uzbekistan, Tashkent region
STRONG GROUND...
Abstract: This article discusses the work of the Uzbek writer Tahir Malik "Shaytanat". Some detective aspects of the work are revealed
Keywords: modern Uzbek literature, literature, work, detective, writer, Uzbek detective literature
Takhir Malik's "Shaytanat", one of the most prolific and talented representatives of Uzbek literature, appeared as the first large, complete, and national example of Uzbek detective literature. Due to its theme, scale, methodological form, detective-adventure motive, it was accepted by the general public not only as of the work of T. Malik, but also as a success in a new direction of modern Uzbek literature.
For the first time in the Uzbek detective literature, T. Malik writes about the environment in the national reality of organized crime, which is growing worldwide and poses a serious threat to humanity, and the process of exposing them. But it is not enough to show the catastrophe of the so-called mafia, the "plague of the twentieth century." Their roots, their aspects of emergence, also seek to reveal the factors that cause people to go astray.
Undoubtedly, "Shaytanat" is a word that carries a great spiritual and educational burden. It is not in vain that the writer resorted to a powerful moral-didactic method. As a citizen concerned with the spiritual upliftment of the nation, he undertook to expose the corrupt mafia, the dark forces of any society, to arouse hatred in the students, to turn the masses away from this path, to guide them, to educate them spiritually and morally. The lyrical digressions in the play, the author's speech, and attitude sometimes seem to be out of the norm, Islamic wisdom, wide coverage of ideas; narrations on spiritual and moral topics are explained by the same thing.
The writer observes and evaluates the scenes of the satanic world from the heights he possesses as an intelligent man, nourished by the Qur'an and the Hadith, the centuries-old moral and spiritual values of the people, the literary and philosophical masterpieces of the East and the world. This is evident from the beginning to the end of the work. The examples of Uzbek detectives created before "Shaytanat" do not show such a wide coverage of the subject. For example, the interpretation of the Asadbek group, which began with the first book, becomes more acute in later books. Accordingly, in the first part of the work, the characters of the Hosilboyvachcha gang, which are known only for certain qualities, also rise
to the leading position. At the beginning of the work, Hongirei, who has a "pale" look of anger, is visible as one of the evil and vile black forces, which has its weight in the international arena. The writer takes a full look at the logical scope of the crime. He analyzes the events in terms of their complications, consequences, changes in the social life of the people, important events. Therefore, the activities of the two criminal groups are not limited to the field, but also involve representatives of other categories of revenge.
For the first time in the Uzbek detective literature, "Satan's world" put at the center of the work, along with the image of law enforcement officers, an artistic analysis of the spiritual world of the images of mafia members. In the story, the goals and plans of the "black group" are not only general but also the main heroes of the gang - Asadbek, Hosilboyvachcha, Zelimkhon, Hongirey, Elchin - with their thoughts, ways of thinking, conflicting feelings. The writer of internal conflicts is objective, he manages to show that they are worthy of nature. In the Soviet detective literature, police activities were often portrayed artificially, unrealistically as a priority, and active. T. Malik contradicts the laws of realistic imagery and avoids attaching violent artistic textures to the realities of life. In particular, the image of Asadbek and the events surrounding him show the mastery of the mafia world, in many cases, entrepreneurship and perseverance, courage in the interests of their environment. The author's skill is also seen in the fact that he was able to arouse in readers a passionate interest, a certain sadness, and benevolence towards the protagonist, as he deeply revealed Asadbek's psyche, psychology. In such comparisons, the reader notices the advantages of Asadbek.
The dynamics of the character logic of the protagonists, which is one of the most necessary conditions of a realistic image, is often studied one-sidedly in literature. It has become a habit in literary science to call a protagonist a "dynamic image" whose beliefs and worldview have changed and who has "recovered" from certain circumstances. Such a view does not always justify itself. The protagonist can also grow steadily in his position. Regardless of its position, the growth process takes place.
In the story, one or two remarkable plates from Hosilboyvachcha's adolescence are given. If we take a closer look at his next step, his behavior, his qualities, we realize that his flaws in his size are a complication of his childhood upbringing. These vices go to extremes and bring calamities to the head. Or the appearance of character development in Asadbek is clear proof of our opinion. Asadbek often encounters good people, good thoughts, and calls to the right path. For example, the conversations of his wife Manzura, his friend Jalil, Sobitkhan qori, Anvar, Mukhiddin ota, Dr. Khudoyor with Asadbek could change his worldview. The writer does not follow the easy path of changing Asadbek and convinces the reader of this logically. The reality of life, and therefore of human behavior, is cruel. The logic of the character does "what it knows": Asadbek comes to an end with only a few changes.
We also see the effects of T. Malik's formation of character individuality, determination of logical consistency, and correct development, striving for justice in bringing them to the inevitable solution in the images of Zelimkhon, Anvar, Zahid, Zaynab. Each of them has not only a certain uniqueness but also a uniquely drawn logical sequence of individuality. In the interpretation of some of the characters, the writer's artistry in the same direction is visible.
The comprehensive depiction of reality in "Satan's world" does not preclude the peculiarities of the detective literature, including the motive of adventure in connection with the events of detective and crime. In the play, the adventure motif continues in several directions according to the plot directions. The most important of these are the criminal activities of the mafia, the depiction of events in their environment, and the efforts of investigators to expose crimes and criminals. The events with the participation of Elchin and Zelimkhon are also characterized by adventure motifs. The writer further enriches the central direction of the plot with adventurous events in the fate of heroes such as Anvar and Zaynab. The detective-adventure norm is set correctly in all locations, and this norm enhances the effect of the realistic image in the play.
The realistic image receives a certain tension not only from the artistic expression of the logic of the characters, the reality of events in each direction but also through the interpretation of important historical events and positive changes in the spiritual life of the people. In particular, the play depicts some horrific episodes of the Uzbek-Turkish conflict. The original causes of this historical event, the attitude of the heroes to its roots are shown. In the images of Ismailbek, Sobitkhan qori, Zelimkhon, in their dialogues the ideas of Erk, Vatan, Istiqlol, nationalism appear. These episodes also depict the real respect of other nationalities for the original qualities of the Uzbek people. Along with these heroes, the thoughts and actions of Jalil, Manzura, Anvar, Zahid show a real change in the beliefs of the people. It is well known to today's readers that at the end of the 1980s, the Uzbek people's aspirations for religious freedom and independence intensified, and free thought revived. Of course, the writer does not make any specific remarks or retreats in this regard. The spirit of change naturally emerges in the way the heroes act and think. In this way, the reliability of the realistic image is increased.
In short, the five-book work of the People's Writer of Uzbekistan Tahir Malik "Shaytanat" serves as a solid foundation for the formation and development of the Uzbek national detective literature.
References:
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