CC BY
42
УДК 69.05
I.N. Bardin
Second-year Master's degree student, Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northern (Arctic)
Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov Scientific adviser: A.V. Karelski Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Scientific adviser: O.B. Bessert
PhD, Associate Professor, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
STRENGTHENING OF STRUCTURES MADE OF WOOD
Today wooden structures are widely used in the construction industry. Wood has a number of advantages, such as high strength at low density, environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity, a feature to "warn" (with crackling) in emergency situations about its imminent destruction, etc. But, however, there are a number of negative features: wood is exposed to wood-destroying fungi, warping, cracking when humidity changes, etc. Consequently, while using the construction, there occur defects and damages that need to be eliminated.
The selection of a particular method of strengthening depends on several factors:
1) issues of strengthening (increase or restore of the bearing capacity of the structure);
2) technical condition of both the wooden structure and the building as a whole (the presence of defects and damages);
3) organization of mounting and dismounting of strengthening elements (presence of sufficient space, square, etc. to accommodate strengthening elements);
4) operating conditions (temperature and humidity).
Today the methods to strengthen wooden structures are not sufficiently studied, and during the analysis of technical literature and project documentation, all the ways to strengthen were consolidated into a single classification system shown in Figure 1.
There are 3 main methods of construction strengthening:
1) With the change in the stress state (fig. 2 f, r, u);
2) With the change in the structural scheme (fig. 2 s, t, v);
3) With the change of the geometrical characteristics of the section (fig.2 а-e, g-q).
Methods of strengthening of solid wood and laminated wood
Wooden and metal plates
Sub beams
Bar prosthesis
Prosthesis made of channels
Wooden prosthesis
Measuring of stress state
Measuring of geometric characteristics of the section
Horizontal ties
Sprengel ties
Buildup of the section
SW
LW
Steel clip device
The increase in cross-section belts and beam walls
Change of the construction scheme
Distribution Additional systems strengthening
Rallying section
_SW
Strengthening with glass- and carbon fiber materials
LW_
Impregnation of adhesive compositions
Side
plates
MZP
Plywood plates
Plates made of boards and steel angels
Restoring of the Steel Steel Steel
section with nagel external cross
plank lining plates collars bars
Glued pins
Screwed rods
Fig.1 - Classification of methods of strengthening of solid wood and laminated wood
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ НАУКА» №9/2016 ISSN 2410-6070_
Strengthening with the change in the stress state is considered to be the most effective method used mainly to improve the bearing capacity of the structure through the introduction of various kinds of puffs, sprengels, rods.
Strengthening with the change in the structural scheme is associated with a decrease in the estimated construction flown by summing up (installation) of additional supports, braces and pendants.
Strengthening with the change in the geometric characteristics of the cross-section is used in unsatisfactory technical conditions of structures by the device linings, overlapping local defects in the steel prosthesis in support nodes of the structure and change of schemes of work of the node connection by introducing of additional elements.
V
Fig.2 - Methods of strengthening of solid wood and laminated wood a - partial replacement of timber section; b - above (below) beams; c - prosthetic devices made of channel bars; d -prosthetic device made of hard profiles; e - device of bar prosthesis; f - belly rods; g - connections on plywood lining; h - connections on the weather boards; i - connection on steel mending plates; j - glued connections on the rods; k - strengthening of beams with tie clips; l - strengthening of beams with tie clips; l - strengthening of beams with steel nagel plates; m - the connection to the minimum wage; n - strengthening of beams by impregnation of adhesive compositions; o - strengthening of the glued wooden construction by buildup of the beam section; p - steel clip device made of the corners; q - beams with carbon fiber reinforcement; r - strengthening steel horizontal puffs; s,t - additional supports; u - strengthening steel truss puffs; v - turning the metal and wooden arches into a farm and a farm into a three hinge joint arch; 1 - glued beam; 2 steel-tightening; 3- support with a nut to tighten; 4- lanyard;
5- support; 6- support with a hinge; 7- support; 8- column; 9- hard brace; 10 - support with wedges;
11 - wooden amplification element.
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ НАУКА» №9/2016 ISSN 2410-6070_
Despite the diversity of the methods and ways of strengthening of wooden structures, there is a number of problematic issues:
1) There is no legal and technical basis to strengthen the wooden structure;
2) The methodology of engineering calculation of strengthening elements was not developed for the majority of the methods of strengthening;
3) The need for economic justification of the use of this or that method of strengthening and in particular of the methods with the change of stress state and geometric characteristics of the cross section.
This issue requires comprehensive scientific research and detailed study. References:
1. Kalugin A.V. Wooden constructions. M.:P.H. АСВ,2003.224 p.
2. Daidbekov S.D. Restoration of wooden roofs and ceilings. М.: P.H. of min kom economy of RSFSR, 1962, 125 p.
3. Karelski A.V. Manufacturing technology of composite and wood structures with punched metal plates: a thesis for the degree of Ph.D. Arhangelsk, 2015. 138 p.
© Bardin I.N., Karelski A.V., Bessert O.B., 2016
УДК 621.9.06
Л.С. Беккель
ассистент Е.Н. Сломинская
к.т.н., доцент
КФ МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, г. Калуга, Российская Федерация АНАЛИЗ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ CREO PARAMETRIC Аннотация
В статье проведен анализ возможностей графической системы Creo Parametric по сравнению с другими программными продуктами. Рассмотрены особенности работы со сборкой полнофункциональной CAD-системы NX, получения трехмерной модели детали в системе SolidWorks. Проведен анализ областей использования таких графических систем как CAD-система NX, CATIA. Исследован принцип построения 3D модели в системе T-FLEX CAD. Проанализированы возможности, подходы и принципы работы приложений графической системы Creo Parametric. Для повышения производительности и качества работы в графических системах необходимо каждую из них использовать в тех областях промышленности, в которых они обеспечивают явное преимущество. В машиностроительной отрасли более выгодно применение CAD-системы Creo Parametric из-за ее возможностей сочетать в себе два подхода -параметрическое и прямое моделирование, удобства работы с небольшими приложениями, а также поддержки импорта форматов из САПР других производителей.
Ключевые слова
Creo Parametric, CAD-система NX, КОМПАСА, SolidWorks, CATIA.
Сравнение возможностей Creo Parametric с возможностями любой другой 3D CAD-системы приводит к пониманию причин выбора данной графической системы 500000 конструкторами и инженерами в более чем 40000 компаниях во всём мире. Ни одна из CAD-систем не имеет таких возможностей, качеств, как та совокупность достоинств, которую предоставляет Creo Parametric [1].
Например, полнофункциональная CAD-система NX, одна из ведущих 3D-моделлеров, предлагает при работе со сборкой загрузить ее в облегченном формате (происходит автоматически) и нарисовать окно
