26PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SPHERE OF UKRAINE
PhD (Law) Iryna Krylova
Ukraine, Kyiv, National Academy for Public
Administration under the President of Ukraine, Doctoral student
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/31072019/6614
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Received 19 May 2019 Accepted 11 July 2019 Published 31 July 2019
KEYWORDS
the sphere of water supply and wastewater, state policy, state regulation, development strategy
The article considers the need for the development of a Strategy for the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in Ukraine. The author of the article argues that without a strategy, the effective functioning and development of the water supply and wastewater system is impossible. Strategic planning in the field of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine is the development of a vision of a key element of modern management, which the state considers as the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in the future. The concept and essence of strategy in general are analyzed, the vision and mission of the sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine are determined. The Strategy of development of the sphere of Ukraine till 2020, external and internal institutions that influence the vectors of development of the water supply and wastewater sector are considered. The author presents the priority goals of the development of the water sector, identified by international organizations over the past five years. The author proposes strategic directions for the development of the water supply and wastewater system with the justification of their implementation.
Citation: Iryna Krylova. (2019) Strategic Directions for Development of Water Supply and Wastewater Sphere of Ukraine. Science Review. 6(23). doi: 10.31435/rsglobal_sr/31072019/6614
Copyright: © 2019 Iryna Krylova. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Introduction. Today, the directions of strategic development of Ukraine are defined in the Strategy of sustainable development of the country by 2020 [8]. The aim of the Strategy is to introduce European standards of life in Ukraine and Ukraine's emergence in leading positions in the world. For this purpose, the movement will be carried out according to the following vectors: 1) the vector of development - is the provision of sustainable development of the state, structural reforms and, consequently, the improvement of living standards. Ukraine should become a strong economy with advanced innovations. First and foremost, it is necessary to restore macroeconomic stability, ensure sustainable growth of the economy in an environmentally sound way, create favorable conditions for economic activity and a transparent tax system; 2) the vector of security - is the provision of security guarantees of the state, business and citizens, the protection of investments and private property. Ukraine should become a state capable of protecting its borders and ensuring peace not only in its territory, but also in the European region. The defining basis for security should also be the provision of fair and impartial justice, the urgent need to clean up power at all levels, and ensure the implementation of effective anti-corruption mechanisms. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of life and health of a person, which is impossible without effective medicine, the protection of socially vulnerable groups of population, the safe state of the environment and access to quality drinking water, safe food and
manufactured goods; 3) the responsibility vector is to ensure that every citizen, regardless of race, color, political, religious or other beliefs, gender, ethnic or social origin, property status, residence, language or other characteristics, will have access to high-quality education , healthcare systems and other services in the public and private sectors. Territorial communities will independently decide on issues of local importance, their well-being and will bear responsibility for the development of the entire country; 4) the vector of pride - is the provision of mutual respect and tolerance in society, pride in its own state, its history, culture, science, and sport. Ukraine should take a worthy place among the leading countries of the world, create decent living and working conditions for the education of its own talents, as well as attracting the best world specialists from different fields [8].
The strategy envisages the implementation of 62 reforms and state development programs within the framework of the four vectors of the movement, the closest to the sphere of water supply and wastewater being the reform of housing and communal services and the program of environmental protection. It should be noted that the strategies of housing and communal services, water supply and wastewater, and water sector development have not yet been developed and approved, which in our opinion is a serious problem in the development of water supply and wastewater. Ukraine has access to water resources available to low-income countries of Europe and the world, so water issues, water use and water use are of vital importance to Ukraine. Issues of efficient management of enterprises in the sphere of water supply and wastewater, consumer rights protection, ensuring sustainable and reliable water supply are also relevant.
Purpose of the study: The purpose of the paper is to determine the strategic directions of the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in Ukraine.
Research results. In essence, strategic planning should be understood as a process aimed at developing and implementing an environment development strategy in which one or another object exists; strategic planning is a process aimed at the future, which defines goals and directions of development, methods and means of achieving these goals; strategic planning - a process that is programmed for future events, level; strategic planning is a cyclical process that involves analyzing and adjusting the implementation of the strategic plan at the stages of its implementation [3]. Thus, strategic planning in the field of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine is the development of a vision, a key element of modern management, which the state sees in the future development of the water supply and wastewater sector.
Definition of the mission of the development strategy of the water supply and wastewater system and the state regulation of the water supply and wastewater system, the conceptual vision of the approaches to its implementation, formation of strategic development priorities, goals, tasks and mechanisms for their implementation should be based on the capacity of the industry to ensure the stability and reproductive capacity of the economic system, The implementation of a number of social and security problems of the country, taking into account those external and internal priorities and threats that before it appeared. The mission of the water supply and wastewater sector development strategy should be based on the general mission of the development strategy of Ukraine.
In general, we can say that the institutional structure in the field of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine corresponds to certain examples of European models. But, in practice, there are problems with the functioning and development of the water supply and wastewater sector. These include the following institutional problems: 1) the deformity of the institute of effective owner in the communal sphere; 2) low-quality legal support for the functioning of the water supply and wastewater sector; 3) the deformity of the rule of law; 4) ineffective financial and economic policy of the state; 5) uncertainty about the legal status of the state regulator (NKREKP); 6) imbalance of relations between local self-government bodies, state regulator, water supply and wastewater companies; 7) politicization of regulatory processes; 8) opacity and complexity of tariff policy; 9) the problem of availability of services; 10) deformity of social ideology; 11) lack of personnel policy in the field.
Other important institutions that shape the development of the water supply and wastewater system are the international commitments of Ukraine in this area or related fields. In particular, in the area of water use and protection and the reproduction of water resources: 1) Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), approved in 2015 at the UN Summit on Sustainable Development [10]; 2) Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU (ratified by the Law № 1678-VII (2014, September 16) [9]; 3) the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, the so-called "Water Convention" (ratified by the Law №801-XIV (1999, July 1); 4) Protocol on water and health (№ 1066-IV (2003, July 9); 5) multilateral and bilateral international agreements on the protection and use of transboundary water bodies and cooperation in the field of
water management at border waters, stipulated by Article 9 of the Water Convention; 6) Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters "(ratified by the Law № 832-XIV (1999, July 6).
The impact of global water policy in the world is evident in a number of international instruments. In particular: 1) Principles of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) on water governance approved by the OECD Regional Development Policy Committee (2015, May 11), supported by the Ministers during the meeting of the OECD Ministerial Council (2015, June 4). (The organization unites 35 most economically developed countries of the world - Most of the EU, US, Australia, Switzerland, Norway, South Korea, Japan, and others, as well as actively cooperates with non-member countries (in particular with Ukraine) within the framework of specialized programs internation dnyh events, etc.) [7]; 2) The objectives of the Sixth World Water Forum (2012, March) [7]; 3) World Water Forum [2], etc.
Table 1 shows the priority objectives of the water sector, identified by international organizations over the past five years.
Table 1. Priority objectives of the water sector of Ukraine, identified by international organizations
Goals Document
1 2
Clean water and proper sanitary conditions: 1) To ensure availability of quality services for the supply of safe drinking water, construction and reconstruction of centralized drinking water supply systems with the use of the latest technologies and equipment; 2) Ensure the availability of modern wastewater systems, construction and reconstruction of water intake and wastewater treatment plants using the latest technologies and equipment; 3) To reduce the volume of discharge of untreated wastewater, first of all using innovative water purification technologies at the state and individual levels; 4) To increase efficiency of water use; 5) Ensure the implementation of integrated water resources management; Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
Improving the effectiveness of water governance 1) Clearly identify and distinguish roles and responsibilities for water policy development, policy implementation, operational management and regulation, and facilitate coordination between these responsible bodies. 2) Manage water at the appropriate level within integrated basin governance systems to reflect local conditions and facilitate coordination between different levels; 3) Encourage policy coherence through effective cross-sectoral coordination, especially between policies on water and the environment, health, energy, agriculture, industry, spatial planning and land use; 4) Adapt the level of capacity of the responsible authorities to the complexity of water-related challenges and the set of competences required to fulfill their responsibilities. Improving the effectiveness of water governance 5) Create, update and share timely, consistent, comparative and policy-related data and water information, and use them to guide, evaluate and improve water policy; 6) Ensure that public authorities contribute to the mobilization of water funding and the efficient, transparent and timely allocation of financial resources; 7) Ensure the effective implementation and application of appropriate water resource management systems to achieve public interest; 8) Promote the adoption and implementation of innovative methods of water governance in relevant government bodies, government levels and stakeholders; Increasing trust and involvement in water governance 9) Strengthening Integrity and Transparency Practices in Water Policy, Water Institutions and Water Governance for greater accountability and decision-making confidence. 10) Contribute to stakeholder engagement for informed and goal-oriented contributions to water policy formulation and implementation 11) Promote the development of water governance systems that help to achieve compromises among water users, rural and urban areas and generations 12) Facilitate the regular monitoring and evaluation of water policy and governance, where appropriate, publicize and, if necessary, make adjustments Principles of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Continuation of Table 1.
1 2
1) By 2015, 50% of countries will adopt consultation, participation and coordination mechanisms that will enable stakeholders at the local, regional, national and international levels to effectively promote the adoption of coherent, holistic and integrated solutions. By 2021, 100% of countries will be involved. 2) By 2015, 50% of countries will strengthen the regulatory framework and adopt performance indicators (services) for monitoring and assessing water policy; all countries will implement capacity-building processes at the national and local levels to promote good governance in the provision of services. By 2018, all countries will be involved. 3) By 2021, increase the number of river basin management plans by 30% (analysis of the initial state and main issues). 4) By 2015, increase the number of countries with water safety diagnosis and governance tools based on existing (local, national, international) regulatory and legislative frameworks and IWRM mechanisms. 5) By 2018, 30 countries are committed to promoting water sector targeting, diagnose / reflect existing or potential corruption risks and ensure proper and effective anti-corruption policy. 6) By 2018, transparency in budgetary processes in the water sector will be implemented in 30 countries, including information on planning and implementation of investments in water infrastructure (financial, technical and socio-economic impacts); as well as methods and tools for increasing transparency and accountability in the water sector. The objectives of the Sixth World Water Forum
1) Ensure access to water and the right to water for all. 2) Improve access to the complex of sanitary facilities for all. 3) Contribute to improving hygiene and health through water and wastewater. 4) Prevent and respond to water-related risks and crises. 5) Promote co-operation and peace through water 6) Balance the multilateral use of water resources through the introduction of integrated management of them. 7) Provide food security through optimal water use. 8) Adopt plans for the development of hydropower and their ability to provide available water resources. 9) Support environmentally-oriented economic growth. 10) Improve the quality of water resources and ensure the sustainability of ecosystems. 11) Regulate the activity of a person who exerts pressure on water. 12) Adapt to the climatic and global changes in the urbanized world World Water Forum
Cooperation with the EU with the goals: 1) the development of a comprehensive environmental strategy that will include planned institutional reforms (with specified deadlines) to ensure the implementation and implementation of environmental legislation; the division of powers of environmental authorities at the national, regional and local levels; procedures for decision-making and their implementation; procedures for promoting the integration of environmental policy into other areas of state policy; the definition of the necessary human and financial resources and the mechanism for their revision; 2) development of sectoral strategies in the field of improving air quality; water quality and water management, including the marine environment; waste management and resources; Protection of Nature; industrial pollution and industrial accidents; chemicals, including clearly defined timelines and key stages of implementation, administrative responsibility, as well as financial strategies for attracting investment in infrastructure and technology; 3) the development and implementation of climate change policies, in particular, as defined in Annex XXI to this Agreement. Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU
Compiled by the author based on [2; 7; 9; 10].
Thus, the existing state policy in the sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine should be reviewed taking into account the shortcomings identified during the reform of the industry, as well
as taking into account the current priorities of the country's strategic development and all spheres of the economy. In particular, the priorities of development of the state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater (Strategy for the development of water supply and wastewater) should be:
1) ensuring the reliable functioning and sustainable development of the water supply and wastewater system. Provided by organizing the work of water supply and wastewater companies as a whole, work on preventive maintenance of water supply and wastewater systems and networks, planned reconstruction and overhaul of worn-out funds, introduction of new technologies, prevention of emergencies, etc., with an effective investment policy, and with the policy of paying off payables. In particular, one of the options for solving the problem of preventing the emergence and growth of payables may be the exclusion of the provisions of the Law of Ukraine On Drinking Water, Drinking Water Supply and Wastewater (2002, January 10) in connection with the prohibition of water supply restrictions for consumers (the population). The above changes will allow enterprises of water supply and wastewater to be disconnected from centralized water supply and wastewater of non-payers. In our opinion, in our opinion, there is no more effective model of combating non-payment and prevention of arrears, as well as the formation of a social ideology for compulsory payment of services. Such an approach would not be a violation of human rights to water, guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine, since the state does not restrict consumer access to water supply sources (as subsoil), and also provides consumers with free decentralized water supply from well-equipped pump rooms (a free alternative to paid central water supply services);
2) ensuring safe water supply and wastewater. It is carried out by creating a system of functioning of the water supply and wastewater system, water infrastructure of the country, in which all consumers should have constant uninterrupted access to water supply and wastewater services in an acceptable quantity and quality for health, livelihoods and production, in combination with an acceptable level of possible risks, associated with water. In addition, water supply and wastewater facilities are critical infrastructure objects. Enhancing the security and stability (reliability) of the national critical infrastructure in relation to all risks and threats is a strategic objective of the national security policy, since it is the critical infrastructure that provides vital services for the population, society and state, without which it is impossible to exist and develop. Thus, safe water supply and wastewater should be determined by the principle of state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater (not only in relation to the quality of drinking water), with the introduction of a risk management system in the field of water supply and wastewater related to various threats. The uncontrolled risk management framework for threats to safe water supply and wastewater should include identifying, analyzing and assessing the risks associated with threats, identification of likely consequences, causes of their occurrence and development scenarios, monitoring system and the use of warning and / or minimization of negative consequences [4];
3) creation of a legitimate balanced effective model of state regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater. It is carried out by creating an effective model of regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater, taking into account the following factors. The model should be: legal, flexible, maintain a balance of interests between enterprises, consumers, local governments and the state represented by the regulator. The factor of legality should be manifested in the legal status of regulators. In particular, the legal status of a state regulator must be in line with the Constitution of Ukraine, which defines a clear division of powers into legislative, executive and judicial. No regulators, supervisors and other bodies do not define the current version of the Constitution of Ukraine. Therefore, the state regulator in the field of water supply and wastewater should relate to the executive authorities, which clearly establish the procedures for the establishment, liquidation and operation. Another way of solving the problem of the legal status of the state regulator (as well as AMCU, the Institute of the President and the Prosecutor's Office) is to amend the Constitution of Ukraine by introducing another principle that can be fully implemented, namely: the principle of separation of functions of power into legislative, judicial, regulatory, controlling, law enforcement, information, etc. [1; 5]. At the same time, the independence of the state regulator will be guaranteed by its independence and independence in decision-making, which will be sustained by a system of checks and balances.
Under the effective regulatory influence of the state on processes in the field of water supply and wastewater should be understood as a balanced approach with the use of tools and methods of state regulation. At the same time, the model of regulation is chosen depending on the strategic direction of the state's development. Or regulation is carried out at the level of local self-government bodies, which by law are obliged to provide the community with communal services and who are owners and managers of communal property of water supply and wastewater companies. In this case,
the body of local self-government assumes the responsibility for the implementation of state policy in the sphere, both for providing the population with services and for the effective functioning of enterprises, which will correspond to the state policy of decentralization. Or the regulation is carried out at the state level. In this case, the formation of a state regulator shows the distrust of the state to local self-government, which is supported by the following arguments: the weak level of local self-government bodies (financial, personnel and organizational), inactive community position, corruption actions of local self-government bodies, etc. However, such a model should not be permanent and should correspond to the state of development of the water supply and wastewater sector at certain stages. In the case of strengthening the role of local self-government bodies, the role of the state regulator can be changed and reviewed;
4) preservation of water bodies and ecosystem sustainability. Environmental safety in the field of water supply and wastewater involves such a state of production of water and wastewater services, which prevents the deterioration of the environmental state of the environment and water resources and the emergence of danger to human health. Environmental security in the sphere of water supply and wastewater can not be ensured without the use of integrated institutions and measures of state policy and approval of the strategy of development of the water supply and wastewater sector with short-term and long-term measures. In the same reform of the water supply and wastewater sector, bringing it in line with European standards (in terms of environmental safety and environmental protection) requires significant financial investments in the modernization and / or construction of new water supply and wastewater facilities, replacement of technologies ; institutional changes in terms of clearly defining the powers of local self-government bodies in the management and regulation of water supply and wastewater facilities; improvement of the normative base in the field of water supply and wastewater;
5) ensuring the availability of centralized water supply and wastewater services. Under availability, such a level of tariffs for water and wastewater services is understood that would ensure the financial stability of enterprises and at the same time acceptable for the society both from economic and social positions. Priority of the availability of water and wastewater services should also be a priority area of the state social policy, and be monitored continuously. To this end, state policy should envisage legal and institutional changes in order to create a state body with the powers to monitor and analyze the availability of public utilities in the country, the social perception of tariff formation and sphere reform and the creation of a united information base on the availability of utilities and analysis. Today, certain data on accessibility and social perception are analyzed by various bodies, research institutes, individual researchers under individual orders. At the state level, such a function, for example, can be performed by the main body in the system of central executive authorities, which ensures the formation and implementation of state policy in the sphere of housing and communal services. And information on the availability of services and social perception should be placed in the annual National Report on the quality of drinking water;
6) protection of consumer rights. It is implemented through the formation and implementation of a consumer-oriented state policy. The objectives of the state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater in order to protect the rights of consumers should be: health, safety and economic interests of consumers, as well as the maintenance of consumers 'right to information, education, the right to create organizations and conditions for the protection of consumers' interests. The principle of state policy on the protection of consumer rights in the field should be effective and implemented with the help of well-defined mechanisms and institutions. In particular, the institutional framework for ensuring consumer rights in the field of water supply and wastewater should include: the availability of organizational structures of different forms of ownership for the protection of consumer rights; availability of service standards; availability of alternative models of settling disputes; information and consulting support; scientific and methodological support; monitoring and control of consumer rights protection; creation of an effective institute of responsibility and restoration of violated rights; etc. Creation of the following conditions for the protection of consumers' rights in the field of water supply and wastewater : creation of the Institute for consumer protection (the lawyer / consumer ombudsman institution); definition of effective alternative mechanisms for pre-trial settlement of disputed issues; orientation of consumer policy in support of consumer interests and ensuring a high level of their protection; approval of models for resolving situations where there is a violation or threat of violations of the rights of a large number of consumers; approval of consumer service standards (from the standard of provision of services for centralized water supply and wastewater to the standard for processing claims, consumer complaints); development of practical manuals for service users; etc.
7) ensuring the quality of drinking water and quality water supply and wastewater services. It is implemented through the formation and implementation of a consumer-oriented state policy. The subject of state regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater should be not the activities of water supply and wastewater companies, and the final result of their activities, that is, the service of proper quality and quantity. Accordingly, standards of quality of service should be developed, effective balanced mechanisms of realization of consumer rights and water supply and wastewater enterprises, simple and accessible mechanisms for restoration of violated consumer rights concerning quality, etc.
8) ensuring rational water use. It is implemented through the introduction of water-saving technologies and rational water use. Potable water supply remains a priority water use. In the field of industrial water use it should be envisaged introduction of new technological processes and the introduction of low-water and anhydrous technological processes and other technologies for reduction of specific water consumption (for example, application of systems of dry cleaning of gases and air of aspiration systems from dust, use of evaporative cooling, pneumatic and pneumatic and hydraulic systems of transportation allows to reduce specific water consumption by an average of 20-30%). Creation of closed water supply systems in which there is a reduction in the consumption of fresh water from natural reservoirs due to their multiple use in circulating water supply and reuse systems (which will reduce the number of fresh water and reduce the discharge of waste water in the reservoir). The mentioned priority also involves the introduction of water audit and water management institutes (such as definition of reduction of water resources use, minimization of leakages and losses) with the formation of institutional constituents -mechanisms, procedures, rules, requirements for specialists, training, certification and certification, etc. In the case of establishing specific targets for reducing specific water consumption, water audit should determine how to ensure efficient water use and reduce losses and costs of drinking water during its extraction, purification, transportation and consumption. In addition, the water audit should determine the goals of sustainable development of the water supply and wastewater system of the settlement, region, etc. The authority of the water audit will include: inventory of water use (full understanding of where and how the organization, enterprise, household uses water, identification of the water supply and wastewater system, capacity, technical condition, etc.); accounting (implementation of various measurements of water consumption based on indicators of water supply accounting, indicators of similar objects, consumption norms, etc.); preventive maintenance to improve the efficiency of the system while reducing operating costs (inspection of cranes, valves, pipes, cooling systems, etc.); Educational activities on consumer policy and consumer rights; development and implementation of a water saving plan (action plan for reducing water use); analysis of the implementation of measures defined in the plan of water saving;
9) personnel policy. It is provided through the implementation of institutional mechanisms for ensuring personnel policy and a competent approach in the field of water supply and wastewater. The current state regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater should also include methods aimed at efficient management of the sphere of enterprises and efficient operation of the water supply and wastewater system. In the process of training specialists in the field of water and wastewater are taken by the state, educational institutions, enterprises-employers. And the main thing that should create a state is a continuously coordinated process of training and professional development of industry professionals. In which, at the legislative level, the requirements for the qualification of the personnel of the water supply and wastewater enterprises will be clearly defined, and the interaction of all participants in the process: educational institutions that ensure the implementation of educational programs and form competence of graduates and may be accompanied by advanced training; employers' enterprises, which form requirements for the competence of graduates, participate in the development of professional standards, curriculum, certification; profile ministries that implement state policy in the field and agree on curricula to meet current state policy and reform requirements [6];
10) formation of the institute of effective owner in the field of water supply and wastewater. The most important task of the state - protection of property relations, their clear legal regulation, protection of the rights of owners from any unlawful interference. Therefore, all normative documents on property should be clear, direct and non-alternative (do not allow double interpretation and controversial issues). Ownership is the basis of economic relations in the country, guarantee of seriousness of intentions, commitments made, etc. The property requires the owner to keep it properly, which involves reasonable expenses. At the state level, state ownership and communal property should be clearly defined and distinguished. In addition, the formation of the institution of an effective owner in Ukraine should provide for a departure from the post-Soviet regime of property functioning, which stimulates the choice of the owner in favor of obtaining "fast" money from the transfer of property and utilization of communal property for individual interests, to an efficient regime for obtaining income from the exploitation of
property. These transformations can not always be solved through legal regulation. In the case when the authorities of the subjects regarding the disposal of property become an obstacle to the realization of the political interests of the authorities, the decision may be political or administrative influence. It is important to note that the illegitimacy of property in Ukraine is one of the factors of the conservation of structural and technological backwardness of production. Even inventing sufficient resources for modernization without solving the problem of legitimizing property will not allow overcoming the backwardness of the development of the water supply and wastewater sector. Illegitimacy of property will always be the root cause of the blurriness and instability of rights to it, and therefore the source of distorted motivation of economic agents and ineffective (from the point of view of public interests, in this case, connected with structural and technological modernization) the allocation of their resources;
11) formation of social ideology and culture. It is implemented through institutional system reforms that involve organizing the formation of social ideology in the field of water supply and wastewater (availability of services, rational water use, economy, service fees, protection of consumer rights, orientation of state policy, principles of state regulation, mechanisms of tariff formation, etc.) through a system of educational institutions, system of self-education, use of mass media and the Internet. The ideology should be such that the higher the level of social culture of citizens, the more complete people will be informed about the rules of the game in the field of water supply and wastewater (as well as in the field of communal services), the more responsible they will be to their commitments and to the main policies state in the field of water supply and wastewater ;
12) provision of construction, modernization and renovation of fixed assets of water supply and wastewater enterprises (with introduction of the latest technologies);
13) ensuring an effective investment policy;
14) the formation of a holistic national innovation system.
Conclusions. The strategy of development of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine is an important element of state policy, without which the development of the sphere is impossible. For decades, the state's policy has accumulated institutional problems that directly affect the water supply and wastewater sector and need to be addressed. In addition to institutional problems, the development of the sphere is also influenced by internal and external factors, in particular, the country's international obligations. The state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine needs revision and modernization taking into account the shortcomings revealed in the process of reforming the sector, taking into account the current priorities of strategic development of the country and all spheres of economy. In particular, the directions of the development strategy of water supply and wastewater include the vectors proposed in the article.
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