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МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» № 04-1/2017 ISSN 2410-700Х_
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 330.1
M.N. Grigoriev
PhD of technical sciences, Professor Baltic State Technical University «VOENMECH» named after D. F. Ustinov St. Petersburg, Russian Federation N.N. Digusov Graduate student Baltic State Technical University «VOENMECH» named after D. F. Ustinov St. Petersburg, Russian Federation S.A. Uvarov
Doctor of economic Sciences, Professor Saint-Petersburg state University of Economics St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
STOCKS AND STREAMS - THE BASIC CATEGORIES OF LOGISTICS
Annotation
This article deals with modern positions the ratio of the logistics' basic categories - stocks and streams.
Keywords
Logistics, the basic categories of logistics, stocks, streams, logistical approach.
Basic difference of the logistical approach from previous it approach based on management of material resources' movement consist that if earlier object of management was certain, let even extremely big, a congestion of separate material objects at the logistical approach the basic object became a stream - the set of objects perceived as a unit [1, 2, 3, 4].
In numerous to the literature on logistics and marketing as the main category of last the stream refers to. It is impossible to disagree with it, but it is necessary to make essential addition: the main categories of logistics are the stream and a stock which the friend without the friend to exist simply not can [5, 6, 7, 8].
The stream represents the set of objects perceived as a unit, existing as process on some time interval and measured in absolute units for the certain period. Parameters of a stream are the parameters describing occurring process [1, 9, 10, 11].
Stock - a category describing number of objects, available during some concrete moment of time, and measured in absolute units. Between static parameters of stocks and dynamic parameters of streams there is a close interrelation.
Key parameters describing a stream, the following: initial and final its items, geometry ways (trajectory), length of a way (a measure of a trajectory), speed and time of movement, intermediate items, intensity [12, 13, 14].
The concept of "stock" is capacious enough. This word is applied as to the made objects, and not made (natural). Application of this term in such concepts as stocks of minerals, wood stocks (wood on a root), stocks of water resources, stocks of bio resources, stocks of fish resources, etc. is standard [14, 15, 16, 17].
However in economy the concept of "stock" is treated more narrowly as they are understood as material resources being available and, it is accepted to name stocks of all other kinds of resources, including and factors of manufacture (labour, financial and so forth) by reserves. Besides the economic treatment of concept of material stocks even more limits their substantial filling in view of their origin, applicability and carried out functions in the reproduction process, sources of their financial covering, etc. In particular, material stocks in economy are understood only made commodity-material assets, i.e. as those in which creation work is enclosed and-or which possess cost. Material stocks are formed due to turnaround means of subjects of economy and are a part of their working capital in the material form, and also means of the state budget and means of house facilities [1, 2, 6, 7].
The interrelation of material streams and stocks of commodity-material resources (CMR) predetermines occurrence of "Logistics of stocks" - one of kinds of logistics that, in turn, generates allocation independent scientific
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» № 04-1/2017 ISSN 2410-700Х_
and accordingly a subject matter on storekeeping as one of the major directions of logistical management [7, 17].
The logistics of stocks is a scientific direction and sphere of practical activities on management of material streams and stocks in logistical systems and the intersystem formations, directed on increase of efficiency of logistical processes by maintenance of the set level serving consumers and-or decrease in logistical costs.
The logistics of stocks is one of providing kinds (sections) of logistics and is closely interconnected with its others functional, technological about providing with kinds. It inherently is the tool science offering methods of optimum administrative decisions' search on the tactical organization of logistical processes in industrial-commercial and trading structures [18, 19, 20]. References:
1. Григорьев М.Н., Долгов А.П., Уваров С.А. Управление запасами в логистике: методы, модели, информационные технологии, учебное пособие для студентов вузов, СПб., 2006 - 368с.
2. Григорьев М.Н., Уваров С.А. Логистика. Базовый курс. Учебник для вузов, 1-е изд., Сер. 58 Бакалавр. Академический курс - М., 2011 - 782с.
3. Григорьев М.Н. Маркетинг. Учебник для бакалавров: для студентов вузов, обучающихся по спец. 061500 "Маркетинг", 060800 "Экономика и упр. на предприятии (по отраслям)", 4-е изд., доп., Сер. Бакалавр - М., 2012 - 464с.
4. Андреев А.А., Григорьев М.Н., Груберт Л.Ю., Иванов В.Н. Информационная система, патент на изобретение RUS 2167453 28.09.1998
5. Григорьев М.Н., Долгов А.П., Уваров С.А. Логистика. Продвинутый курс. Учебник, 3-е изд., перераб. и доп., Сер. 61 Бакалавр и магистр. Академический курс - М., 2014 - 784с.
6. Григорьев М.Н., Уваров С.А. Логистика Учебник для бакалавров, 4-е изд., пер. и доп., Сер. 58 Бакалавр. Академический курс - М., 2014 - 836с.
7. Григорьев М.Н., Долгов А.П., Уваров С.А. Логистика. Продвинутый курс. Учебник в 2-х томах. Том 1, 4-е издание, переработанное и дополненное, Сер. Бакалавр и магистр. Академический курс - М., 2016 - 472с.
8. Григорьев М.Н. Маркетинг. Учебник для бакалавров: для студентов вузов, обучающихся по спец. 061500 "Маркетинг", 060800 "Экономика и упр. на предприятии (по отраслям)", 4-е изд., доп., Сер. Бакалавр - М., 2012 - 464с.
9. Григорьев М.Н. Сергеева Н.С. Программные средства для управления запасами предприятий - СПб., 2005 - 158с.
10. Григорьев М.Н., Груберт Л.Ю., Иванов В.Н., Писарев С.Б. Система для передачи информации, патент на изобретение RUS 2158967 03.07.1998
11. Григорьев М.Н., Груберт Л.Ю., Иванов В.Н. Система распространения информации, патент на изобретение RUS 2134457 04.08.1998
12. Сергеев В.И., Григорьев М.Н., Уваров С.А. Логистика: информационные системы и технологии, учебно-практ. пособ., М., 2008- 608с.
13. Григорьев М.Н., Груберт Л.Ю., Иванов В.Н., Писарев С.Б. Система распространения информации, патент на изобретение RUS 2121169 15.10.1997
14. Григорьев М.Н., Уваров С.А. Логистика. Учебник для бакалавров по направлению "Менеджмент", 3-е изд., переработанное и дополненное, Сер. Бакалавр. Базовый курс - М., 2012 - 825с.
15. Григорьев М.Н. Маркетинг. Учебник для прикладного бакалавриата, 5-е изд., перераб. и доп., Сер. 60 Бакалавр. Прикладной курс - М., 2015 - 559с.
16. Grigoriev M.N., Uvarov S.A., Digusov N.N. Difference of traditional and logistical approaches in an enterprise cycle// Символ науки. 2017. № 3-1. С.20-22.
17. Григорьев М.Н., Краснова Е.Ю. Маркетинг продукции военного назначения. Учебник. - СПб., 2011 - 435с.
18. Grigoriev M.N., Uvarov S.A., Braila NA. The maintenance of the logistical approach/Символ науки. 2017. № 3-1. С. 22-24.
19. Григорьев М.Н., Долгов А.П., Уваров С.А. Логистика. Продвинутый курс. Учебник, 3-е издание, переработанное и дополненное, Сер. 61 Бакалавр и магистр. Академический курс - М., 2015 - 734с.
20. Grigoriev M.N., Uvarov S.A., Digusov N.N. Difference of traditional and logistical approaches in an enterprise cycle// Символ науки. 2017. № 3-1. С. 20-22.
© Grigoriev M.N., Digusov N.N., Uvarov S.A., 2017
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» № 04-1/2017 ISSN 2410-700Х_
УДК 330.1
M.N. Grigoriev
PhD of technical sciences, Professor Baltic State Technical University «VOENMECH» named after D. F. Ustinov St. Petersburg, Russian Federation N.N. Digusov Graduate student Baltic State Technical University «VOENMECH» named after D. F. Ustinov St. Petersburg, Russian Federation S.A. Uvarov
Doctor of economic Sciences, Professor Saint-Petersburg state University of Economics St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
APPROACHES TO STREAMS' CLASSIFICATION IN LOGISTICS
Annotation
Considered from a modern perspective the approach to classification of streams in logistics.
Keywords
Logistics, classification, logistical approach, streams logistical management.
The most simple classification which is expedient for carrying out to following attributes is necessary for the description of streams and work with them even [1, 2].
1. In relation to considered system:
- internal streams - circulate inside of system,
- external streams - act in system from the outside and (or) leave its limits.
2. On a degree of a continuity:
- continuous streams - the certain quantity of objects moves to each moment of time on a trajectory of a stream,
- discrete streams - are formed by the objects moved with intervals [2, 3].
3. On a degree of a regularity:
- the determined streams - are characterized by definiteness of parameters for each moment of time,
- stochastic streams - are characterized by casual character of parameters which during each moment of time accept the certain value with a known degree of probability [4, 5].
4. On a degree of stability:
- stable streams - are characterized by a constancy of values of parameters during the certain time interval,
- unstable streams - are characterized by character of fluctuate change of stream' parameters [4, 6].
5. On a degree of variability:
- stationary streams - are characteristic for the established process, their intensity is size of a constant,
- non-stationary streams - are characteristic for the unsteady process, their intensity varies during the certain period [3, 6].
6. On character of moving of elements of a stream:
- uniform streams - are characterized by constant speed moving of objects: in identical intervals of time objects pass identical way, intervals of the beginning and end of movement of objects also are equal;
- non-uniform streams - are characterized by change of speed of moving, an opportunity of acceleration, delay, stops in a way, changes of intervals of departure and arrival [2].
7. On a degree of periodicity:
- periodic streams - are characterized by a constancy of parameters or a constancy of character of their change through certain period;
- acyclic streams - are characterized by absence of law of change of parameters of a stream.
