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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LABOR MARKET IN UZBEKISTAN
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AND THE ROLE OF EMPLOYMENT IN OUR ECONOMY
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Berdiqulova Sevinch Tohir qizi
Bachalor, at Gulistan State University https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7239377
Annotation: the article examines the statistical analysis of the labor market, the issues of employment in the economy, the formation of relevant conclusions and
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recommendations of the prevention of unemployment.
Key words: employment, unemployment, John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, able-bodied, socio-economic system, labor market.
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Introduction. One of the effective mechanisms to ensure rational employment and reduce unemployment is the targeted formation and development of the labor market and its regulation. It is necessary to identify the integral links and contradictions between labor supply and demand, the criteria for the effectiveness of their cooperation, to determine the main directions of professional development of rural workers and macroeconomic regulation and ultimately the effective development of socio-economic and organizational measures in accordance with the purpose.
John Maynard Keynes, founder of the Keynesian school, described his concept in his book, "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money". He sees the
labor market as a sluggish, statistical system, noting that labor costs are stable
enough. The existence of forced unemployment is based on a lack of comprehensive effective demand, which can be eliminated be effective measures of budget and credit-monetary regulation.
The lack of demand is due to the inelastic ity of wages to its declining side, as a result of which the volume of production and employment are reduced when demand falls, and nominal wage rates remain unchanged. The state acts as a market regulator, which can eliminate this inequality by increasing or decreasing aggregate demand. Total demand for labor is regulated by investment and production volumes. That is, the labor market is the supply and demand of the able-bodied population that buys and sells the "able-bodied" between the employed and non-employed sections of the working population and contracts that take into account the relationship between employers and their personal interests, is a complex, multifaceted, growing and open socio-economic system of market economy that directly regulates the relationship between.
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№2 2022
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The results of analysis and discussion. The formation of rational employment of the able-bodied population can be achieved only on the basis of effective development of the labor market and structural reforms in all sectors of the economy. These determine the process of mass release of surplus labor and their inflow into industrial and service sectors and areas of private labor activity, as well as the urban economy, the formation of labor reserves and their mobilization and redistribution on the basis of market mechanisms.
All demografic, social, economic and other aspects of the formation of rational employment are reflected in the following main criteria:
•Achieving a market balance between supply and demand for labor;
•Increase jobs;
•Increase the participation of the economically active population in labor;
•Ensuring labor productivity growth;
•Increase of labor income of the population;
•Reducing unemployment.
These criteria are determined using the foolowing indicators:
•The number of existing and newly created sites;
•The amount of work performed;
•Volume of GDP per capita;
•The number of local and involved labor resources;
•Migration flows of the population;
•Armament of labor with and energy;
•The amount of social infrastructure services;
•Land loading of each agricultural worker;
•Average annual salary;
•Housing;
•Level of qualification and education of labor resources;
•Shift coefficient of use of fixed assets;
•The number of people not employed in social production and the unemployed and the amount of their benefits;
•Satisfaction with the general results of labor and social infrastructure services;
•Different forms of ownership and efficiency of labor organization.
Table 1
The ratio of the number of employed population to the working age population. Employment rate ( in %)
20
Regions
2019
2020
2021
20
State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan
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Republic of 68.1 66.0 66.9
Uzbekistan
Republic of 62.9 62.0 60.9
Karakalpakstan
Andijan 70.1 66.5 68.2
Bukhara 69.3 68.3 67.3
Jizzakh 67.1 66.2 67.5
Kashkadarya 63.9 60.9 62.2
Navoi 69.5 66.8 68.3
Namangan 66.4 65.0 65.5
Samarkand 65.3 63.2 63.7
Surkhandarya 67.0 63.9 64.5
Syrdarya 68.9 64.8 64.6
Tashkent 71.4 68.2 70.3
Fergana 67.5 65.1 66.2
Khorezm 66.1 63.7 64.0
Tashkent city 80.1 81.7 83.3
№2 2022
Kashkadarya
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Descriptor 2019 2020 2021
Economically active population 14876.4 14797.4 14980.7
Number of Employed population 13541.1 13236.4 13538.9
Employment by economic activity
Agriculture, forestry amd fisheries 3544.6 3499.2 3502.1
Industry 1821.5 1809.5 1883.3
Construction 1324.6 1305.6 1286.8
Trade 1436.4 1405.4 1537.2
Transportation and Storage 646.1 610.5 648.5
63.9
69.5
66.0
62.0
66.5
68.3
66.2
60.9
66.8
65.0
63.2
63.9
64.8
68.2
65.1
63.7
81.7
66.9
60.9
68.2
67.3
67.5
62.2
68.3
65.5
63.7
64.5
64.6
70.3
66.2
64.0
83.3
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Table 2
According to the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations. Labor market (thousand people)21
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Descriptor
Economically active population
Number of Employed population
Employment by economic activity
Agriculture, forestry amd fisheries
Industry
Construction
Trade
Transportation and Storage
2019
14876.4
13541.1
3544.6
1821.5
1324.6
1436.4
646.1
2020
14797.4
13236.4
3499.2
1809.5
1305.6
1405.4
610.5
2021
14980.7
13538.9
3502.1
1883.3
1286.8
1537.2
648.5
21.
State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan
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Education 1134.4 1158.2 1178.3
Health and social services 616.7 669.5 659.0
Other activities 3016.8 2778.5 2843.6
№2 2022
Health and social services
Other activities
1134.4 1158.2 1178.3
616.7
3016.8
669.5
2778.5
659.0
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The main goal of the concept of development of the labor market of the republic, which is rich in labor resources, is to reduce employment, increase unemployment, create new jobs, reduce labor productivity, inflation, slow development of various forms of ownership, in the context of the slowness of structural changes in the economy, the decline in real labor incomes, the devepolment of comprehensive measures to increase the demand for labor and reduce its supply. They will be developed based on the strategic goals of deep structural reform and liberalization of the national economy of Uzbekistan in the transition period.
The strategic goals of the concept are as follows:
•Gradual formation of a socially oriented, orderly labor market;
•Development of small business and private entrepreneurship, which will increase the demand for labor and reduce unemployment;
•Strengthening the competitiveness, mobilization and export capacity of local staff, the formation of a class of highly qualified specialists and new economic thinking in the population, the creation of opportunities for free and independent choice of jobs;
•Improvement of organizational, economic and legal mechanisms for regulating the labor market and employment.
Conclusions and suggestions. In the "Development Strategy" adopted by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev on January 28, 2022, developed for 2022-2026, special attention was paid to the development of the labor market and employment. Including significant reforms such as vocational training of graduates and increase in technical colleges, professional development of people. Therefor, it is important to increase employment, reduce unemployment and pursue an active social policy in Uzbekistan and its regions.
Economic growth alone doesn't necessarily translate into more and better jobs, especially for the poor, vulnerable and those at risk of being left behind. Economic growth is a prerequisite for increasing productive employment; it is combined result of increases in labour productivity. Hence, the rate of economic growth sets the absolute ceiling within which growth in employment and growth in labour productivity can take place.
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Literature:
1. Sh.R.Xolmuminov. Labor market economy. Textbook.: - "Innovative Development Publishing House" 2021-160 p.
2. Tukhtabaev J.Sh. Organizational and economic mechanism for improving labor efficiency in industrial enterprises in the development of digital ecnomy. Monograph. -Т., 2020. - 170 p.
3. Адамчук B.B., Ромашев O.B., Sorokina M.E. Экономика и социология труда (учебное пособие). - М.: МГУ, 1988.
4. State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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