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7In the course of implementation of projects on developing new types of products in 2015, there created more than 820 new types of products in various sectors of economy of Uzbekistan, and developed 220 new types of goods for export.
The Program of localization and production of finished products for 2015-2019 with a total effect of import substitution in the amount of 17.5 billion US dollars was approved by governing bodies of Uzbekistan in February 2015. The program includes about 800 projects providing deep processing of local mineral resources with an estimated annual effect of import substitution for 3.5 billion US dollars, and creation of 13.3 thousand new jobs.
For enterprises, which implemented the projects approved by the localization program, there have been established a number of benefits for three years, acting within the framework of the previous programs (exemption from customs duties, income tax and property in the funds used for the production of localized products).
According to the data of governing bodies of Uzbekistan the effect of import substitution in economy of the country has exceeded 10 billion US dollars since 1998, and enabled to create hundreds of thousands of new jobs.
Thus, chosen "Uzbek model" of economic development in combination with measures to further deepening democratic market reforms and liberalization of economy, deeply considered and consistently implemented priorities of political, economic and social changes have created a solid and reliable foundation on the basis of which is built sustainable and dynamic development of national economy, which provides consistent rise of welfare standards of population.
REFERENCES
1. Sh. G. Yuldashev. Development of entrepreneurship as a way to formation of the middle class of proprietaries. - Modern science: actual problems and solutions. 2015. № 6 (19). 152-156 p.
2. Sh. G. Yuldashev and others. Uzbek model as strategy for development of national economy: Monograph / Edited by Professor K.Kh. Abdurakhmanov - T.: Tashkent Branch of Russian Economic University after G.V. Plekhanov - 2016 - 268 p.
3. New trends in economic science and education (second edition). Results of I Stage of Strategic Plan of scientific and research work of the departments: Monograph. - T.: Tashkent Branch of Russian Economic University after G.V. Plekhanov. 2016 - 185 p.
4. Economy in figures. State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. [Electronic resource] URL: htpp: /stat./uz/economi/)
STATE REGULATION OF INNOVATION IN UKRAINIAN
AGRIBUSINESS
Bogdan O. D.
Ukraine, Kyiv, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Abstract. The article investigates trends to improve the methods of state regulation of innovation in agribusiness of Ukraine. In the article obtained scientific results to solve and practical tasks on improvement of state regulation of innovative processes. The author has provided recommendations to improve the efficiency mechanism of international practice methods for development of the agribusiness of Ukraine.
Keywords: innovational transformations, agribusiness, state regulation, innovation.
Problem Setting. As innovation is first of the responsibility of businesses and also government responsibility. Innovation has not only benefits for those who innovate, but also others gain: future innovators as well as the clusters of business and the economy at large with a better competitive position and in the long run more jobs and higher incomes. These are so-called positive externalities that an investor in innovation does not take into account and can lead to underinvestment in innovation. A second reason for governments to promote innovation is that this is one of the policy instruments to mitigate negative external effects such as environmental pollution in agriculture and food production.
The processes of innovational transformations in the agribusiness of the Ukrainian economy are one of the most important elements of sustainable development: improvement of their competitive capacity, and strengthening of the product security. The issue gains its urgency due to low economic efficiency of production, and a need for its adaptation for the global market environment caused in the first place by lack of a complex approach to transformational processes.
The state regulation of innovation development of economy under the globalization changes, priority industries faced the task of adapting mechanism. The challenges for the agricultural sector at the time, real reform of technical regulation, food security, adaptation to Ukrainian regulations relevant international standards, cooperation and participation in European Union programs and others.
Recent research and publications analysis. Theoretical and methodological problems of funding of agribusiness, analysis of national and international mechanisms of regulation of development of agribusiness made by such leading Ukrainian economists: A Bogachev, Dzh.B'yukenen A. Wagner, Dzh.M.Keyns, Paul Samuelson, John. Stiglitz, R. Musgrave, A. Pigou, S. Fischer, M. Friedman, Dzh.Hiks. The question of budget spending and its impact on socio-economic development devoted to the works of local scientists: S. Bukovina, A. Vasylyk, V. Glushchenko, I. Zapatrina, L. Lysyak, I. Lunin, V. Oparin, in Fedosov, I. Chugunova, St. George and others. Despite the large number of publications, the problem of formation and improvement of funding of innovations within the context of the model of sustainable development of agribusiness in view of globalization challenges remains understudied and needs thorough research.
The paper objective. The main objective is to analyze the current models to improve the efficiency mechanism of state and international resources for development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in consideration of modern economic trends.
Materials. According to "Agenda of XXI century", the goal of sustainable development is to satisfy needs of modern society without endangering the ability of future generations to provide for their needs [3]. The world needs to concentrate its efforts on science-based, actionable solutions that are tailored to local situations and support structural transformations of the whole food system. New business models for farming and new approaches for providing access to modern agricultural technology to all farms at different scales are needed to ensure a sustainable development path. Good governance and support mechanisms must ensure fair access to resources, new markets and innovative technologies. Policy makers, scientists, agricultural professionals from all sectors and farmers need to be equipped with the right knowledge and information.
Table 1. The forecasted forecast-plan difference indicators and actual public expenditure in agribusiness of Ukraine in 2012-2014. (UAH, %)
Areas of expenditures Years
2012 2013 2014
Training for AGRIBUSINESSuniversities III and IV accreditation -64 889 (12%) -82 443 (10.1%) -80 115 (11.5%)
The organization and regulation of institutions in the system AIC -597 (2.8%) -572 (4.2%) -572 (4.2%)
The increase in the statutory fund NAC "Ukragroleasing" for the purchase of technical equipment for agribusiness and transmission to them under financial leasing 107 708 (19%) -102 (3%) -81822 (21%)
Applied scientific and technical developments, works for the state target programs and public order in the area of agriculture, financial support for research training -99 (2%) -9165 (6.4%) 12422 (10.2%)
Training, retraining and advanced training of the workforce agriculture -938 (3.1%) -2959 (5.3%) -3221 (2.3%)
Fundamental research, research, works for the state target programs and public order in the area of agriculture, scientific training, financial support logistics research institutions, development of scientific infrastructure and objects of national heritage - -38433 (3.5%) -32735 (6.9%)
Source:[7-14]
As we can see from the data table 1 shows, there is a significant under-funding budget lines in agriculture from 2% to 12%. Most underfunding regard to articles on science spending. The emphasis in the formation of innovation policy is paid to regional investment programs and projects carried out with funds from the budget is not Ukraine and projects with joint or mixed investment. In the view of this study, it should be noted that the predictive budgeting agricultural production does not match the actual spending figures, which suggests inadequacy of the financial mechanism. Note that most of the public expenditure allocated to training for agribusiness and increasing the authorized capital of NAC
"Ukragroleasing." Public expenditures have significant underfunding in all articles of the state budget, allowing funds and maintain spray corruption schemes [15].
Agrobusiness is in a difficult financial and economic situation: in the industry acting unprofitable agricultural enterprises, the cost of production remains high not reduced accounts payable. In addition, it is extremely worn out basic production assets, an acute shortage of working capital, lack the necessary methods of technological modernization of production capacities are not sufficiently effective mechanisms of economic activity of agricultural enterprises with the use of modern production technologies, management and organization [5].
In this situation, the author considers appropriate involvement of outsourced professionals to provide consulting support to form government spending programs. First of all, we should stress the need, proper evaluation and selection to the implementation of all projects financed from the budget, as well as through public-private partnerships; coordination of public investment programs with development strategies at national and sectoral levels through development of tools medium-term investment; reforming the institutional capacity and skilled personnel in management positions for restarting the system of public investment.
Once the subsistence requirements of the producers' families and local communities have been met, there are three main sources of demand: export markets (international and regional), domestic urban markets, and food processing. In Morocco, the government helped facilitate the export of high-value crops to Europe through a combination of technical assistance, economic and political measures (such as helping growers to meet European farm certification requirements), and an agreement with the European Union to expand tariff-free access for Moroccan producers. In Ghana, the government plans to create a staple-crop breadbasket in the Northern Region to supply more rice and maize to urban markets, which currently rely on imports.
Therefore, innovative new techniques and methods need to be aggressively developed to know how much food loss and waste can realistically be prevented. Digital technologies have many applications in postharvest loss and food waste tracking and prevention, and will also serve to deepen actor and stakeholder understanding of the complex nature of the supply chain. With this understanding, interventions can be carefully assessed and targeted to ensure losses are prevented sustainably and effectively.
Barriers to innovation that slow down the time to market or increase the cost of getting a new product to market to a level that is only affordable by few companies with sufficient resources need to be removed[4]. Bad situation in Ukraine with intellectual property rights, regulations for acquiring, sharing, import and export of germplasm, variety release systems, seed laws, seed subsidies and other seed-related policies to a large extent influence progress in breeding, the development of a vibrant seed industry with numerous local businesses, and affordable access to new varieties by farmers. This is a rapidly changing area in which countries constantly need to adjust their policies to address emerging technology opportunities.
For the majority of crops it typically takes 12-15 years to breed, test, release and disseminate seed of a new variety to farmers. This slow process is one of the reasons why many farmers cannot take advantage of better varieties. The time from a cross made to quality seed in the hands of a farmer can be cut in half through modern breeding technologies and the right government policies and support mechanisms for speeding up release and seed commercialization through public and private channels. In India maize and pearl millet yields grew significantly during the last two decades due partly to a combination of public policies that encouraged private investment in India's seed industry and intellectual property rights conferred by hybridization that addressed both the private sector's need for ownership as well as the nation's need for productivity growth. Food processing is attractive to many governments because it is both a source of demand for agricultural products and a job creator.
An effective tool for reform are indicative planning capital investments, which are closely related to the main indicators of economic development problems of society and set priorities. State investment programs grounded in the schemes of development and deployment of economic sectors and regions. Integrated and sustainable use of natural resources and the most efficient combination of sectoral and territorial development in the indicative plan is developed for five years for tactical feasibility, feasibility design of new construction, expansion or renovation of production enterprises and their complexes, calculated timing and approximate size of investments for these purposes. These data formed specific investment programs determined by the investor.
Conclusions of the research. Ukraine is needed for concerted, coordinated action, with increased, sustained investment in agribusiness and rural development. It is need to make farming more precise and more attractive to systematically improve sustainability performance using new
technology; new implementation models that can unlock the real potential of the public and private sectors in dressing complex problems, including monitoring, learning, and prudently adapting; the private sector will also have to change its business models, and good governance will be essential, including more restraint in exploiting critical resources such as land, water, and forests. Aspirations of maximum consumption should be replaced by patterns of optimized consumption. The available technical solutions are well advanced, but we also need to overcome systemic political, economic and social barriers to change, which are substantial. Strong multi-sectoral cooperation will be needed to address the development challenges facing humanity and the planet.
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1. Sytnik V.P. (2002) "Agroindustrial sector transformations of Ukraine in market conditions," 1АЕ, 12.
2. Law of Ukraine (1991), "On Scientific and Technical Activities", from 13 of December 1991 № 1977-XII [Electronic resource] / The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine journal, http://www.osvita.org.ua/pravo/law_06/part_06. (In Ukrainian)
3. Agenda 21 - United National Environment Program (UNEP) [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступу:http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=52
4. Koo, B., Nottenburg, C. & Pardey, P.G. Plants and intellectual property: An international appraisal. Science 306, 1295-1297 (2004). http://cougarlaw.com/linked_files/plants_and_IP_in_science.pdf
5. Kolady, D.E., Spielman, D.J. & Cavalieri, A. The impact of seed policy reforms
6. Abalkin L. Agrarian tragedy of Russia. - Economic issues.- 2009. -№9.- P. 4-15.
7. "On the establishment and operation of parks and other types of innovative structures", (1996), 549, The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/549-96-n (In Ukrainian)
8. The Strategy for of innovative development of Ukraine in 2009-2018 years and until 2039," The State Agency for Investments and Development of Ukraine, http://www.in.gov.ua/. (In Ukrainian)
9. The Strategy for economic and social development of Ukraine (2004), 'Towards European Integration in 2004-2015" from 28 of April 2004, http://zakon.rada.gov.ua. (In Ukrainian)
10. "The strategy of innovative development of Ukraine in 2010-2020 in terms of Global Challenges", www.pir.dp.ua/uploads/StrategizInnovRazvitiya. (In Ukrainian)
11. "The state program of revitalization of the economy in 2013-2014 2013", from 27 of February, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=
246812864&cat_id=246812855(In Ukrainian)
12. Law of Ukraine (2007) "The State Special-Purpose Programme on the Development of Ukrainian Countryside until the year 2015" from 19 of September 2007, The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine journal, 1,12 (In Ukrainian)
13. Law of Ukraine (2013), "The Programme of Agricultural Industry Development until the year 2020" from 17 of October 2013, The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine journal. (In Ukrainian)
14. Law of Ukraine (2014) , "About the State budget Ukraine for 2014", 16 of January 2014 № 719-VII The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine journal, http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/719-18 (In Ukrainian)
15. OECD. Building resilience for adaptation to climate change in the AGRIBUSINESS sector: Proceedings of a joint FAO/OECD workshop. (FAO, OECD, Rome, 2012). http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/news-eventsbulletins/detail/en/item/134976
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ В НЕФТЕГАЗОВОМ СЕКТОРЕ КАЗАХСТАНА
к.э.н., доцент Краснова О. Н.
Казахстан, г. Алматы, университет «Нархоз»
Abstract. the article discusses the current state of standardization in oil and gas complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The basic problems and prospects of development of system standardization. It is concluded that the establishment of an adequate system of standardization of oil and gas complex in the country has all the necessary prerequisites.
Keywords: standardization, harmonization, safety, oil and gas sector.
