CC BY
2
UDC 338
Agasiev S. G.
Master's student of the Faculty of Economic Scientific supervisor: Gadzhieva S.A.
Associate Professor, candidate of pedagogical Sciences
Dagestan State University Russia, Makhachkala STATE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of ways of financial support for SMEs from the state. The indicators of the volume of financial support and development efficiency of this market segment are considered. The main directions for improving the methods of state support for small and medium-sized businesses are recommended.
Keywords: small and medium entrepreneurship, program, subsidies, loans
State financial support is an effective tool for capacity-building of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as their main problems are the shortage of initial capital, working capital, difficulties in obtaining Bank loans, high level of taxation and financial risks. Therefore, the analysis of the current system of state financial support for SMEs in terms of the possibility of solving these problems and its effectiveness is an urgent scientific task.
Since 2005, the Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation has implemented a Federal program to support SMEs with the participation of all subjects of the country[1]. The program provides for the financing of the regions, and the ratio between the Federal and regional budgets is 4:1. A significant part of state support is provided by individual entrepreneurs and microenterprises.Financing of the Program in 2010 and 2017 from the budget of the Russian Federation amounted to 17.8 and 20.6 billion rubles, respectively.
The program includes the following activities:
• grants to start-up entrepreneurs;
• subsidizing the costs of entrepreneurs;
• establishment of infrastructure facilities to support SMEs;
• development of regional guarantee and microfinance institutions;
• educational programmes for SMEs;
• support for social entrepreneurship.
The largest amount of funding is provided by grants to SMEs.
Another way of state financial support is to subsidize part of the advance payment under lease agreements. Chart data (picture.1) indicate the predominance of SMEs. Thus, in 2015, the share of SMEs was 51.6%.
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
37.5 38.4 37.7
9.7 ::: 12.: :7.3
50.7
1 i i
Small business, % Medium business,% Large business, %
2014
2015
2016
Picture 1. Share of small, medium and large businesses in the leasing
structure
This method of support for SMEs has a number of advantages: maintaining production volumes, maintaining jobs in the serious industry sector and related industries, creating comfortable conditions for the renovation of parks of construction and road maintenance organizations.
The total amount of loans granted by banks to SMEs for 2016 of $ 5.3 trillion. RUB. The decrease in lending volumes by 3% compared to the previous year did not lead to a decline in the growth rate of SME lending, but, on the contrary, increased. In our opinion, this is due to a decrease in the cost of loans due to a decrease in the key rate and some stabilization of the economy [4]
The decrease in interest rates led to a 1.5-fold increase in the number of loan applications. However, the banking system as a whole is reluctant to meet the credit needs of small businesses. Thus, in 2016, loan agreements were signed by 2% less than in 2015[4].
The development of the SME lending market will depend on the pace of economic recovery in General, the formation of a comfortable business climate, neutralization of the fiscal and administrative burden on SMEs.
For the successful development of this segment of the economy is necessary to implement the measures that are prescribed in the strategy of SME development in Russia until 2020. It is about reducing the costs associated with the provision of duplicate information to regulators, facilitating the procedure for confirming the status of an SME, the introduction of a number of tax incentives[3].
If we consider special tax regimes as a mechanism to reduce the tax burden of SMEs, it can be noted that the most popular is the simplified tax system. According to the NRF in 2015 2818063 SMEs used the simplified taxation system.
Thanks to the state support for 2014-2017, the number of small enterprises only (including micro enterprises) increased by 31%, the turnover of enterprises -by 70.6%, and the average number of employees of small enterprises increased by only 2%.
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In the context of rapidly changing processes in society and the economy, the regulatory and institutional system of state support for SMEs cannot be permanent. It should evolve and improve in accordance with the latest trends and needs [5, p.
9].
In our opinion, the perspective directions of improvement of the state support of SMEs are[2]:
• Availability of credit resources by SMEs through the development and use of a flexible and optimal microfinance system.
• Linking the amount of funding allocated to the regions for Federal programs to support SMEs to indicators of socio-economic development of the regions, such as employment, profitability of the industry.
• Getting SMEs access to a larger segment of state and municipal orders in accordance with the Federal law "on the contract system in the procurement of goods, works and services for state and municipal needs."
• A shift in emphasis towards reducing direct subsidies while increasing government support for investment loans to SMEs.
• Use of more flexible taxation mechanisms.
• Activation of mechanisms for neutralization of financial risks (credit, currency, interest, etc.) of SMEs.aron
References:
1. Federal law No. 207-FZ of 24 July 2007 on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation»
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2015 № 287 " on measures for the further development of small and medium-sized businesses»
3. Order No. 74 of the Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation of February 19, 2015 "on approval of the main provisions" of the development Strategy Of the national guarantee system for support of small and medium-sized businesses for the period up to 2020»
4. Annual report of the Bank of Russia for 2016 URL: http://www.cbr.ru/publ/God/ar_2016.pdf
5. Theory and practice of state support for small business development: monograph / M. V. Danilina, K. Bagratuni. — Moscow : Rusyns, 2017.- 162s.
