CC BY
12UDK 331.45 (575)
STANDARDIZATION OF LABOR AS ONE OF THE METHODS
OF LABOR PROTECTION
1Umarov Alisher Sheralievich, 2Norbekov Sarvar Sunatullaevich, 3Sheralieva Shahzoda
Sheralievna
1Doctoral student at the Institute of Labor Market Research 2,3 Independent researchers at the Institute of Labor Market Research https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8266034
Abstract. Labor standardization is one of the ways ofprotecting the labor of employees by developing recommendations aimed at studying, improving and improving working conditions. The main task of labor standardization is to determine the optimal time and rules for performing work based on the psychophysiological characteristics of a person.
Keywords: standardization of labor, weight (strain).
In modern times, the penetration of techniques and technologies into every aspect of human activity has radically changed the views on the field of labor protection and caused a number of problems in the system. The main means of solving these complex problems is labor standardization. By further improving the current labor standardization, all resources are used wisely, which is one of the important tasks of employers. The introduction of improved time standards on a scientific basis leads to the optimization of the number of employees, as well as to the improvement of work organization, to increase the production capacity by calculating the actual volume of work. Estimated time standards are aimed at clearly defining the functions of employees, which allows for rational and economical use of working time. The method of labor standardization is a set of methods for studying and analyzing labor processes, determining the price of working time, determining and taking into account the factors that create the standard, designing a rational organization of labor, and developing standards [1, 120]. It should be noted that the study of working time norms is becoming one of the important scientific directions. Conducting research in this regard is of great scientific and practical importance, because based on the obtained information, the following tasks related to the organization of labor and its regulation are solved: number of employees; time standards; downloads.
The new version of the Labor Code stipulates that the normal length of working time for an employee cannot exceed forty hours per week in a five-day or six-day work week. The length of working time for medical workers, educators and other categories of employees whose work is associated with a high level of mental, mental and nervous stress, that is, of a special nature, is a maximum of thirty-six hours per week. is defined as The list of such employees and the exact duration of their working hours is determined by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, but it is determined in such a way that it does not exceed the duration of working hours specified in this article. Duration of daily work (shift).
Duration of daily work (shift):
a) for employees whose normal length of working time is determined for themselves:
in a six-day working week - seven hours;
in a five-day working week - eight hours;
b) for employees under the age of eighteen - from the duration specified in Article 416 of this Code;
c) for employees with disabilities - from the duration specified in the second part of Article 427 of this Code;
g) for employees employed in jobs with unfavorable working conditions - it cannot exceed the duration specified in Article 478 of this Code.
Social and labor issues by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan for creative employees of cultural and entertainment organizations, television, radio broadcasting organizations and other mass media, professional athletes, as well as other persons participating in the creation and (or) performance (demonstration) of works According to the agreement with the tripartite commission of the republic, the duration of the daily work (shift) can be determined in accordance with the legislation, internal documents, collective agreement or labor contract.
In case of introduction of cumulative accounting of working hours in the organization, the provisions provided for in Article 199 of this Code shall be applied. [2, 106-107].
Labor standardization is a very complex process based on consideration of all factors affecting labor efficiency and productivity. In labor standardization, the method of standardization is selected based on the specific requirements set by the customer. The main tasks of normalization of labor are as follows:
introduction of reasonable organizational, technological and labor processes, creation of necessary conditions for improvement of labor organization;
to ensure the normal level of stress (intensity) of work in the performance of work and the provision of public services;
regulation of the permanent and variable part of employees' wages, improvement of the wage system
Steps of calculation of labor standards
Labor standard is the basis of organizational provision of employees' activities. Labor standardization is the main tool that incorporates the parameters of evaluating various options for organizational provision of employee activity. Due to the fact that organizational changes have a certain impact on working time, labor standardization makes it possible to evaluate these changes and choose the most optimal option.
The method of labor regulation It is important to study and observe the working time during the service process in the organization and regulation of work. The main purpose of tracking time consumption by dividing each process into operations is:
determining the working time spent on performing operations and operation elements, finding, studying, analyzing methods and techniques improved by employees and putting them into practice;
determining the best methods, methods, procedures of effective work or service delivery, as well as the reasons for inefficient use of working time;
determining the most optimal consistency in the execution of some parts (elements) of operations;
obtaining the necessary and sufficient information for the internal distribution of labor in production and service enterprises, the organization and planning of labor in conveyor production and servicing of multiple devices and workplaces;
to determine the reasons for the loss of working time in production and service provision and the possibilities of increasing labor efficiency;
determining the reasons for compliance or non-compliance with labor standards; effective use of working time and identification of opportunities to increase labor efficiency. According to the results of my experience obtained through timing, below are the inter-sectoral time norms of professions with different ratios of mental and physical labor:
Standards of sample states for the number of employees of children's health centers
(Employees of the Chatkal Children's Health Center)
# Occupatio ns (name of position) Duration of work Average execution time Stability K= max/min
position (number of timings, minutesseconds)
The composition of the work to be performed 1 2 3 4 5 min min
1. Head of the camp Check the area 50 52 48 49 51 50 1.1
Kitchen preparation control 15 13 16 14 17 15 1.3
Control of children's awakening 10 8 12 11 9 10 1.5
Control of squads and number of children in sports fields 15 17 14 16 13 15 1.3
Control of the condition of the medical room (employees and children who complained about their health) 15 13 14 16 17 15 1.3
Pool readiness control 15 17 14 16 13 15 1.3
Morning breakfast control 80 76 78 82 84 80 1.1
To study the activity of circles 15 13 14 16 17 15 1.3
Working with additional offers and appeals 30 32 34 26 28 30 1.3
Assigning and monitoring the implementation of additional proposals and solutions for appeals 70 67 68 73 72 70 1.1
Supervision of daytime activities 45 47 46 44 43 45 1.1
Pool readiness control 15 17 14 16 13 15 1.3
Working with parents 60 55 57 65 63 60 1.2
Lunch control 110 106 112 108 114 110 1.1
Working with documents (from organizations and organizational issues) 120 115 125 126 114 120 1.1
2-breakfast control 15 13 16 14 17 15 1.3
Dinner control 80 83 80 80 77 80 1.1
Evening events 120 115 125 120 120 120 1.1
Nighttime sleep control 40 38 41 42 39 40 1.1
Work with educators (Division of duties) 15 17 14 16 13 15 1.3
Working with Leaders (Division of Duties) 15 13 16 14 17 15 1.3
Various domestic issues (Working with Security Service) 15 17 14 16 13 15 1.3
Educator 20 19 25 18 24 21.2 1.39
Cleanliness check 38 46 40 39 52 43 1.33
2. Distribution to classes 8 9 11 8 9 9 1.38
Swimming training 60 60 75 70 80 69 1.33
Supervise children's bathing 67 65 70 75 73 70 1.15
Lunch control 42 44 45 55 48 46.8 1.25
Organizing their vacations 134 130 140 150 143 139.4 1.15
Organization and control of hygiene 97 90 100 110 103 100 1.22
Organization of various events 77 70 80 90 83 80 1.29
Dinner control 35 37 40 45 43 40 1.22
Organization of cultural events 90 85 87 93 95 90 1.12
Control of evening washing 35 37 43 40 45 40 1.22
Night sleep control 15 20 17 25 23 20 1.47
Night control 190 195 197 210 209 200.2 1.08
Shift transfer 17 19 20 15 18 17.8 1.33
Doctor Working with magazines 15 13 16 14 17 15 1.31
Group Control Cleanliness and Health) 55 52 55 54 56 54.4 1.08
Placing portable quartz lamps in rooms 60 62 58 59 61 60 1.07
Check the cleanliness of the kitchen 40 44 43 41 40 41.6 1.10
Food inspection, sampling and storage 50 57 55 43 45 50 1.33
Checking employees 25 24 27 26 27 25.8 1.13
Admission of children (with health complaints) 20 24 22 23 20 21.8 1.20
control 10 9 9 12 11 10.2 1.33
Get an analysis 10 10 10 9 11 10 1.22
Medical treatment 10 9 11 10 10 10 1.22
Blood pressure check 3 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.1 2.76 1.29
Pool control 25 29 33 27 31 29 1.32
Check the groups 50 60 62 65 68 61 1.36
Physical education training 30 30 30 30 30 30 1.00
Sports events 60 60 60 60 60 60 1.00
Hygienic and preventive measures
21
22
20
19
20
20.4
1.16
Conclusion. Thus, labor regulation is the most important method of labor protection, it serves to preserve the health of workers, increase production efficiency and create safe working conditions. The introduction of labor standards requires the development of individual standards for each type of work with a detailed analysis and ensuring their implementation under control. Labor protection through the regulation of labor allows to achieve the following main goals:
Prevention of excessive weight (strain) that is appropriate for each employee during the performance of his duties - working within the specified limits can lead to occupational diseases, various diseases and physical injuries. , allows to reduce mental and psychological excess tension. Standardization of the production process makes it possible to determine the optimal ratio between time and the volume of work performed, which, in turn, increases the efficiency of production and increases the service life of equipment.
Determining labor productivity by monitoring the fulfillment of standards set by employees - monitoring the labor productivity of employees and ensuring timely identification and prevention of problems that may arise.
Prevention of industrial accidents and injuries related to the work process - determination and optimization of working hours, taking into account working conditions, prevents the occurrence of dangerous situations that lead to injuries or accidents.
Improving working conditions and standard of living of workers - normalization of labor includes the creation of favorable conditions for the performance of work, rest, rest breaks, as well as the establishment of appropriate wages. The specificity of a specific branch and type of work is of particular importance in labor regulation. When defining norms and rules, it must be carried out on the basis of special studies and data analysis to take into account the relevant factors affecting the quality and safety of work.
REFERENCES
1. Шипова В.М., Елдашева С.А., Абаев З.М., Логина Н.Ю. Методические рекомендации по организации нормирования труда в здравоохранении. РАМН. ГУСНИИОЗ. Москва.2004.
2. Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan 04/30/2023.
