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6STAGES OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND REPERTORY OF FOLKLORE AND ETHNOGRAPHIC COMMUNITIES OF TASHKENT
Isaev Kamoliddin Saidovich kamoliddinisayev85@mail.ru Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture
Abstract: In recent years, Uzbek national folklore performing arts, stages of development and historical development of folklore and ethnographic communities, repertoire of groups, performance skills have been conducted by experts in the field, folklorists. However, the history of folklore and ethnographic communities of Tashkent-Fergana regions, especially the folklore and ethnographic communities operating in Tashkent, and aspects related to their repertoire have not been fully studied. This article provides a scientific analysis of the historical and development stages and repertoire of folklore and ethnographic communities in Tashkent.
Keywords: Folklore, folklore-ethnographic communities, repertoire, ethnography, performing arts.
Introduction. Folklore samples, which are the most ancient manifestations of a nation's culture and spirituality, reflect the way of life, life experience, achievements and successes of that nation. That is why it has been passed down from generation to generation for centuries, serving as a "school of life" in educating young people. Folklore, which embodies the national spirit, unique sincerity and beauty of our ancient culture, has been enriching the spirituality of our people for centuries, deepening their consciousness and feelings, as a true spiritual treasure, an inexhaustible spring. This great heritage of our ancestors awakens in the hearts of the nation the desire for good intentions and great goals, love and faith in the motherland.
Main part. Due to the policy pursued by President Mirziyoyev on the development of spirituality, enlightenment and culture, the national spirit has been growing for centuries, today it is a comprehensive school of example, following the ancient traditions and following millions of people. One of the creative artists who are instilling the seeds of spirituality in the hearts of young people is the folklore and ethnographic community.
Today, folklore and ethnographic communities serve as a creative laboratory of diligence and dedication in preserving the ancient traditions of our people, unique examples of folklore, polishing them and returning them to our people. In recent years, the activities of folklore and ethnographic communities in Tashkent have changed significantly. A number of folklore and ethnographic groups have been formed, among which the most active folklore and ethnographic groups have been
awarded the title of "People's Amateur Team" by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Folklore and ethnographic groups such as "Gavhar", "Nodirabegim", "Uzbekoyim", "Hilola", "Buvijonlar", "Durdona" are among them.
The repertoire of folklore and ethnographic groups in Tashkent includes scenes reflecting kindness, generosity and human qualities, which are a means of national values and traditional ceremonies. The resulting creative freedom, spiritual renewal began the process of bringing folklore works to life more widely. For example, the national holiday Navruz, which embodies the most beautiful examples of the artistic potential of our people, has been revived songs, customs and ceremonies associated with the world. The history of the origin of Navruz, the stages of development, the artistic features of the folklore works in it, the local symbols associated with the celebration of the holiday have emerged. Traditions related to "Beshik Toi", "Kelin Salom", "Nikoh Toi", "Sumalak Sayli", "Bolani Besikka Belash", "Kelin-Kuyovni Chimildiq", "Sunnat Toi", "Gul Sayli" our ancient customs have come back to life.
During the years of independence, Uzbek national folklore has been researched by specialists in the field of performing arts, ethnocultural values, stages of development and historical development of folklore and ethnographic groups, repertoire of groups, performance skills, folklore scholars. However, the history of folklore and ethnographic communities of Tashkent-Fergana regions, especially the folklore and ethnographic communities operating in Tashkent, and aspects related to their repertoire have not been fully studied.
From the 80s of the XX century, folklore and ethnographic communities began to grow in all regions of the country. Qualified specialists, composers and choreographers from the capital were invited to provide methodological and practical assistance to singers, musicians and dancers, who are leading cultural workers working in the field. They have contributed to the formation of new teams and the enrichment of their repertoire. Among them are Tamara Toshbaeva and Saodat Yuldasheva. Through the efforts of these selfless people, several folklore and ethnographic communities were formed. (2, 18)
If we look at the current state and development of Uzbek folk art, the role of many dedicated folklore scholars, employees of cultural and educational institutions, Chechen performers, who keep and develop the masterpieces of folklore, is obvious. In this regard, it is necessary to emphasize the merits of Saodat Nazirovna Yuldasheva, one of our talented scientists, who has worked for many years in such an honorable, noble and very responsible field as preserving the best traditions of folk art. (1, 36)
Saodat Yuldasheva was one of the first scholars to study the formation of folklore and ethnographic communities in our country and the characteristics of their repertoire. In his articles and books, he described the peculiarities of the performing
arts, repertoire, costumes, jewelry, and even musical instruments of more than twenty folklore-ethnographic communities, and recorded and published the texts of samples of their performance. The characteristic feature is that the scientist proved on the basis of the analysis that each community is closely connected with the life and folklore, aesthetic tastes, customs of the population of the region, and their repertoire is a false expression of this way of life. (1, 36)
Saodat Yuldasheva together with Oykhon Yakubova, an artist with great skills and experience in art, an active promoter of folk songs, winner of the Medal of Fame, in 1988 in Tashkent formed a folklore and ethnographic group "Gavhar". (2, 110) This was the first ethnographic community in Tashkent. The artistic team includes women between the ages of 8 and 80. The team, in return for great research and tireless work, will stage more than 100 folk songs, lapars, sayings, yallas, ceremonies and traditions. Participates in national festivals, competitions and festivals and wins prizes.
The folklore and ethnographic ensemble "Gavhar", which is famous in its homeland, has an interesting, popular work, which has its own art lovers abroad. The artistic team has returned to foreign countries such as America, Italy, Turkey, India. In 2000, the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan awarded the team the title of "People's Amateur Team" for their achievements and services. (2,111)
The repertoire of the folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Gavhar" includes such ceremonial songs as "Kelin salom", "Beshik tuyi", "Nikoh tuyi", "Navruz sayli", "Aka chekmang", "Sochpopuk", "Abdullajon". located The cradle-to-cradle ceremony, which is part of the team program, is a school of life for our mothers. (2,113) There are also Uzbek rituals of cradling a baby. The mother of a wealthy family will have the privilege of rejoicing in the ceremony. This is a great happiness. According to the custom, the woman bathes the baby, then rubs clean tandoor soil and linseed oil on her body. Red soil has the power to rid the baby's body of sores and strengthen the skin. Patriotism, humanity, and the spiritual development of the child play an important role in the formation of the child's worldview. The team actively used the clothes and stage decorations of Tashkent, combining ancient and modern fabrics in a unique style.
It was early in the morning, my son alla, My heart is full of sorrow, alla-yo alla, The old man withered me like a flower My dear child alla-yo alla. (2, 112)
Oykhon Yakubova, a true fan of folklore, has found wonderful themes that others cannot imagine. He took it from the people and gave it to the people again. As you know, we drink tea every day. But we do not imagine the customs associated
with "tea drinking". This is a debate about tea. Aykhon Yakubova brought these forgotten traditions and ceremonies to life through the stage. "Choy icharlar ozlari", Eyes on the window, The guys who drank tea Blinking eyes. (2, 113)
The beloved artist of our people, the tireless propagandist of our national culture Oykhon Yakubova died in 2008 of a serious illness. Oykhon Yakubova was one of the selfless people who contributed to the leadership of the folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Gavhar" to new heights. Today, his faithful students continue the masterpieces created by the master, examples of folk art.
Another active community in Tashkent is the Nodirabegim folklore and ethnographic group. Honored Artist of Uzbekistan Rayhon Turaeva is one of the most dedicated artists in the formation of the team. Rayhon Turaeva is well known to the older generation. Young people know them as the fairy-tale grandmother on the show "Evening Tales". The talented actress, who worked for many years at the Uzbek State Musical Drama Theater named after Muqimi, in 1995 founded and led the folklore and ethnographic group "Nodirabegim" at the Central Cultural Center named after Tolibjon Sodiqov (now the Central Cultural Center of Tashkent). (2,115) Attracts amateur women interested in Uzbek national folk art and teaches them folk songs and lapars. The repertoire of the ensemble is enriched with traditions and ceremonies of Tashkent, folk songs, sayings, yallas. There are rituals related to "Putting the bride and groom in the chimpanzee" prepared by the team, such as "Navruz holiday", "Nikoh tuyi", "Beshik tuyi" and other ceremonial songs and lapars.
The folklore and ethnographic ensemble "Nodirabegim" sings songs glorifying Navruz and the motherland in the spirit of the times. This is an example of the Chechen performers 'boundless respect and reverence for the motherland and its values.
Navruz is coming Navruz is coming to the country Now comes Navruz, the feast of ser-fayzu barokat From peach-apple blossoms adorning the creature On the leaves of dew comes sarafroz The farmer comes with a plow and a hoe The lover coughs silently into the crack Bol ol baraka eringa bersin baraka Enjoy your hard work jon aka (3)
The selfless services of the team were recognized by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and in 2003 the folklore and ethnographic group "Nodirabegim" was awarded the title of "People's Amateur Team". Today, the folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Nodirabegim" is one of the leading groups
in Tashkent. Currently, the team is led by Mamura Avazova, one of the favorite students of the master artist Rayhon Turaeva. The team deservedly participates in national and international folklore competitions and festivals and wins high places.
On the initiative and under the leadership of Mahfuza Boymirzaeva, one of the favorite students of the artistic director of the folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Gavhar" Oykhon Yakubova, in 2006 in Tashkent was organized folklore and ethnographic group "Durdona". Team leader Mahfuza Boymirzaeva continued the lessons she learned from her coach Oykhon Yakubova and enriched the team with new songs, lapars, rituals and ceremonial songs. The team has prepared programs based on family and household ceremonies, customs and rituals of Tashkent and sent them to our people. The repertoire of the team includes ceremonial songs related to the holiday "Navruz", "Besik toyi", "Kelin salom", "Nikoh toyi", "Sumalak sayli". Sumalak in the doshkazan It boils through the night The girls have curly hair Plays around Boil my boiler Play the my wife (4)
The team has successfully participated in all competitions and festivals organized at the national and international levels and won top places. The team tries to bring to the stage the traditions and ceremonies typical of Tashkent. New songs specific to the region have also been created by the team members. For example: Our circle is in Tashkent, It is a pleasure to be caught. Greetings from the capital of our country, We are lucky to have good wishes. (4)
In accordance with the decision of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the folklore and ethnographic group "Durdona" in 2017 was awarded the title of "People's Amateur Team". The team is currently researching new rituals and programs.
Another active community in Tashkent is the Uzbekoyim folklore and ethnographic group and the Hilola children's folklore and ethnographic group. At the initiative of the talented artist Jamila Hamidova at the cultural center No. 6 of the Almazar district of Tashkent in 2008 the folklore and ethnographic group "Uzbekoyim" and children's folklore and ethnographic group "Hilola" consisting of adults and children were created. Today, twelve women of different ages take an active part in the Uzbekoyim folklore and ethnographic group, and more than fifteen girls take part in the Hilola folklore and ethnographic group.
The repertoire of the groups includes songs, customs and ceremonies glorifying our identity, nationality, traditions and values. In 2013, the Uzbekoyim folklore and ethnographic team together with the Hilola children's folklore and ethnographic group took part in the Republican TV Festival of Folklore Ensembles "Old Land Melodies" organized by the National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan. "Was awarded.
I have a white dress and a blue dress I have a toy at my grandson's wedding Wow, wow, where's the white jacket Muchal year-old girl's jacket with almond blossoms I want to go to the garden, I want to pick flowers I'd like to give flowers to a little girl. (5)
Folklore and ethnographic group "Uzbekoyim" and children's folklore and ethnographic group "Hilola" are actively involved in all cultural and educational events, competitions and festivals organized in the country. From the repertoire of the folklore and ethnographic group "Uzbekoyim" "Ajab-ajab", "Deydiyo", "Gul berdi", "Sevsang agar", "O, layli", "Oynang qizlar", "Yalo-yalo," Karima wore a dress ", There are many sayings and sayings, such as "Nozligim", "Shoxchalab", "Achil-ochil", "Ililla yor", "Qoraqosh". The team will perform "Muchal toyi", "Beshik toyi", "Kelin salom", "Sunnat toyi", "Gul sayli", "Navruz sayli", "Sumalak" on the basis of rituals and ceremonies typical of Tashkent city. They have been preparing performances based on customs and rituals such as "Sayli" and performing them in the district's mahallas, schools and preschools, and orphanages.
The flower is a symbol of goodness, generosity, beauty. The tradition of presenting a flower to friends as a symbol of respect and esteem, expressing mutual love with a flower is of great importance in educating people in the spirit of good intentions, kindness, compassion and piety. That is why flower festivals -"Boychechak Sayli", "Binafsha Sayli", "Chuchmomo Sayli", "Kizil Gul Sayli", "Lola Sayli" are widely used in the ethnic culture of our people. "Lola Sayli", "Gul Sayli" and "Boychechak" festivals were organized around Tashkent. In order to restore these lost traditions and ceremonies, the folklore and ethnographic group "Uzbekoyim" and children's folklore and ethnographic groups "Hilola" have a special place in the repertoire of the "Flower Festival". Oh, layli, layli, layli We have a flower festival today Holiday in the Uzbek people Because of the spring holidays The girls are coming through the door Do not dig through the hole
Don't separate your mother From the beautiful golden cradle (5)
In accordance with the decision of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the folklore and ethnographic group "Uzbekoyim" was awarded the title of "People's Amateur Team" in 2016 and the children's folklore and ethnographic group "Hilola" in 2017 "Exemplary Children's Team".
The main goal of the folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Uzbekoyim" and exemplary children's folklore and ethnographic groups "Hilola" is to promote the Uzbek national folk art, traditions and ceremonies, alla, lapar, aytysh, ulan, to teach the younger generation and future generations. to contribute. The members of the team consider it their duty to pass on the national customs, traditions, rituals and values of our people from generation to generation and are constantly researching them.
One of the most enthusiastic and dedicated teams in Tashkent is the folklore and ethnographic group "Buvijonlar". Folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Buvijonlar" was founded in 2014 at the Cultural Center No. 1 of Mirabad district of Tashkent on the initiative and under the leadership of tireless promoters of folk art Asatilla Sunnatillaev and Dilshod Umarov.
The team includes more than fifteen amateur mothers of different ages interested in folk art. The repertoire of the ensemble includes programs based on the traditions and ceremonies of the city of Tashkent, songs glorifying our values. Thanks to the efforts of the artistic director of the team Asatilla Sunnatillaev and music director Dilshod Umarov, the repertoire of the team was enriched with new lapars, sayings, ceremonial songs.
Let your husband be free
Let the epic be yours
The holiday in the country is a wedding
Let your tongue grow
The road to Tashkent is blocked
The guys are on fire
Her daughters have pencil eyebrows
Her lips were like rubies. (6)
Folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Buvijonlar" took part in the festivities dedicated to the 27th anniversary of Independence in 2018, the main festivities of the national holiday "Navruz" in 2019 in the "Humo Arena" complex, "Navruz Sayli" in Sayilgoh Street. . To date, the team is actively involved in a number of competitions and festivals. In 2019, he participated in the First International Festival of Bakhshi Art in Termez, Surkhandarya region. The most attractive team. "
The repertoire of the ensemble includes such regional customs and ceremonies as "Beshik Toi", "Navruz Sayli", "Tashkent Cragsmen", "Navruz Sayli Ananalari", "Sumalak Sayli" and related songs, lapars and sayings. The art of handicrafts is of special importance in Central Asia. Crafts are also widely developed in our country. Crafts play an important role in the production relations of Bukhara, Samarkand, Kokand, Khiva and Tashkent. The program "Craftsmen of Tashkent", prepared by the folklore and ethnographic group "Buvijonlar", sings the activities of artisans. A handful of soil worked wonders This soil has spread its fame all over the world It was heartwarming to the person looking at it It is as honest as a loaf of bread Someone, someone, someone, someone Undoubtedly a skilled artisan potter. (7)
The program "Craftsmen of Tashkent" is based on the selfless people of their profession, their honest work, teacher-student traditions on the basis of folk traditions and ceremonies, songs.
Tashkent made Tashkent He made his heart heaven He narrated his profession Craftsmen from Tashkent Singing to the sky Burning as my country The wisdom of the wise Craftsmen from Tashkent. (7)
In 2017, the folklore and ethnographic group "Buvijonlar" was awarded the title of "People's Amateur Team" for their achievements and services. The team has repeatedly appeared on Uzbek television and presented its program to the public.
Conclusion. In short, to date, the folklore and ethnographic communities of Tashkent have not been fully studied. Therefore, it is important to analyze the stages of historical development, repertoire, performance traditions of folklore and ethnographic communities and to study the features that reflect its uniqueness. In the repertoire of folklore and ethnographic communities, the traditions and ceremonies formed and developed over the centuries include love for the Motherland, respect for the elderly, care for parents and the elderly, hospitality, kinship and mutual assistance, preservation of family honor and women's dignity. values that have a social character, such as the recollection of memory. Therefore, folklore and ethnographic communities help to create the ideology of independence through the values that our ancestors have preserved for centuries, to inculcate it in the way of life of young people, and to bring up a full-fledged mature person.
References
1. Responsible editor: B.S.Sayfullaev. Devotion to the art of folklore. Collection of articles. T :, Navruz - 2017. - 140 p.
2. S.N.Yuldasheva. Methodology of folklore and ethnographic communities. T :, Navruz - 2014. - 162 p.
3. From the repertoire of the folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Nodirabegim".
4. From the repertoire of the folklore and ethnographic folk amateur group "Durdona".
5. From the repertoire of the folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Uzbekoyim".
6. From the repertoire of the folklore and ethnographic folk amateur group "Hilola".
7. From the repertoire of the folk-ethnographic folk amateur group "Buvijonlar".
