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6STAGES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENT ENSEMBLES IN THE MUSIC ART OF UZBEKISTAN
Rafik Ahmedov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2054-7308 ahmedov.rafiq 19@gmail .com Fergana regional branch of Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture
Abstract: The beauty and perfection of music depends on a number of factors. All these factors are important in finding a mysterious, beautiful and charming melody. It is necessary to show that the performance that enlivened the sounds of music is a real «sky». The article contains scientific and historical information about the national musical ensembles established in our country and the processes of their development. Over the past years, the work of skilled performers and cultural workers who contributed to the development of national musical art has been analyzed.
Keywords: music, art, musical ensemble, singing, dutorchik ensemble, gijjakchilaar ensemble, musical culture, national art, oud, rubob, singing, musical heritage, philharmonic, composition.
INTRODUCTION
Reflecting the refined and beautiful life of humanity in tunes has its own challenges. First of all, if a person has his own talent, the second is his desire. The third aspect is the formation of an attitude towards the profession and love for this profession. The most important thing is related to turning his love into the meaning of life. Doing this is explained by the fact that it is in the form of chanting magical melodies that ultimately become spiritual food. He turns all his life's troubles into the meaning of life. And their creativity becomes a musical heritage that serves the spirituality and psyche of mankind.
In our country, great importance is attached to the development of musical art, support and encouragement of young talents. Organization of educational work in children's and art schools, colleges-lyceums, higher education institutions at the level of modern requirements is one of the urgent issues. Music is an interpreter of the spiritual world of a person, it educates a person from a spiritual point of view by influencing human feelings. Today, the art of music is important because it gives people, especially young people, an uplifting spirit, and directs them to creativity and creativity.
Our wise people have considered music and song to be an important part of their social and cultural life since time immemorial. In the family, it is considered a dream
of parents to teach their child to sing and play music, and with this intention, it is customary to keep a musical instrument in the house. It is well known that melody and melody can quickly find a way to a child's heart, have a positive effect on a child's soul, and have a great influence on the formation of good manners and good qualities.
The decisions of the Honorable President Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoev on November 17, 2017 «On measures to further develop the art of Uzbek national status» became an unforgettable event in the history of our art. In our country, every two years «Sharq Taronalari» (in Samarkand), International Music Festival, «Great Silk Road» International Folklore Festival held in Margilon in June 2019 and Kokan on September 10-15, 2019 International crafts festivals held in the city showed the beauty and rich history of Uzbek national art.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS
If we look at the analysis of the sources on the topic, in the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, as a result of the development of the tradition of mentor-apprenticeship among folk musicians, caring for talented young people, and teaching them the science of music, there were many musicians in Uzbekistan. we understand that skilled musicians have grown up. For example, in Bukhara and Samarkand, there are tanbur players such as Father Ghiyos G'aniev, Father Jalal Nasirov, Lev Bobokhanov, Haji Abdurahman Umarov, dutor players such as Qori Karomat, Haji Abdulaziz Abdurasulov, in Ferghana and Tashkent, master Usta Olim Komilov, drummer Yusuf Kizik. Shakarjanov, neighbors Ahmadjon Umrzakov, Khairulla Ubaidullaev, tanburist Kozijon Madrahimov, dutorist Abdusoat Vahobov, piper Abdugadir Ismailov, and in Khorazm, tanburists Matpano ota Khudoyberganov, Matyakub Harratov, Qurban Nazar Abdullaev (Bola-Bakhshi), Madrahim Yaqubov (Sherozy). are popular among Shinavandas.
It is necessary to show that the performance that enlivened the sounds of music is a real «sky». The musician's instrument and the perfection of his performance testify to his all-round skill and knowledge. In our Uzbek music heritage, there are many figures who lived and created in such a meaningful way. Stop Jalilov, Komiljon Jabbarov, Ganijon Tashmatov, Ahmadjon Umrzakov, Ashurali Yusupov, Usta Rozimat Isaboev, Rikhsi Rajabi, Fakhriddin Sadikov, Muhammadjon Mirzaev are among them. We should note that the national musical heritage is perfecting and developing with the creativity of such skilled and master musicians.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
The history of folk instruments goes back to the distant past. According to the data, it is assumed that the first musical instruments came to the world in the 13th millennium BC. According to historical data, firstly, percussion instruments were used in music, then noisy instruments (performers repeat the rhythm with clapping
and increase the effect of noisy instruments), and over time, flute-like khunggak, rattles, trumpet and flute were gradually introduced by folk masters. words such as reeds and bamboo stalks) began to appear. Musical instruments with strings and bows appeared gradually. As history shows, musical instruments (pipe, trumpet, tanbur, dutor, rubob, gijjak, qabuzlar) formed in the embrace of medieval Eastern culture have reached us without losing their tone and characteristics over the centuries. came The formation and development of performance of Uzbek folk instruments dates back to the middle of the 19th century. It is known that dutor players, tanbur players, circle players, flutists and trumpeters, rubob players and gijjak players, who became known to many people, began to create from this period, and new tunes and songs glorifying various aspects of the people's life appeared. During these years, the city of Koqan became a center where famous musicians gathered, and a unique school was created in it for mastering the art of performing Uzbek folk instruments. In addition to singers, Uzbek folk musical ensembles of various composition also participated in the performance of maqams. The musicians of Fergana have also begun to actively learn the skills of performance. In Bukhara, the ensemble of musical instruments included the tanbur and doira, and in Khorezm, the dutor, gijjak, bolamon, doira or tanbur, harmon, rubob, and doira were included. Musical ensembles consisted of 8-10 people in Fergana and Tashkent regions. Ensembles consist of instruments such as flute, koshnay, chang, rubob, dutor, tanbur, doira and gijjak. History shows that by the end of the 19th century, the ensembles developed somewhat, their main types were formed, new instruments were included in the composition of the ensembles, great work was done to make the sounds of the instruments more pleasant, expand their range, and improve their performance capabilities.
The establishment of the state-owned ensemble for the first time in Uzbekistan is connected with the name of Muhiddin Qori Yaqubov. In 1926, under his organization and direct leadership, a state and traveling concert-ethnographic troupe consisting of 21 performers was established for the first time in the history of Uzbek music culture. Master musicians, singers, dancers and dancers of the Fergana Valley, who were famous at that time, were invited to work in this ensemble. The musicians were the most influential part of the ensemble and formed the core of the creative team. Ensemble Yusufjan Khevan Shakarjonov (nogora, conductor), Usta Olim Komilov (circle), Tokhtasin Jalilov (guitar), Ahmadjon Umrzakov (neighbor), Abduqadir Ismailov (flute), Ota Khoja Saidazimov (dutor), Khayit- It was composed of famous musicians such as Okhun (tanbur), Muhitdin Haji (tanbur), Mamat Baba (circle), Khudoyberdi (trumpet), Madaminjon Is'hakov (bolaman). The organization of such a musical-ethnographic ensemble, its successful concerts and gaining respect among the general public and ordinary people became a great impetus for the real development of the national music art in Uzbekistan. In 1927, the famous musician
and singer Yunus Rajabi organized a national ensemble of folk instruments consisting of 12 musicians under the Radio Committee of Uzbekistan. This ensemble included the famous musicians of that time in Tashkent, Khairulla Ubaydullaev, dutor players Abdusoat Vahobov, Arif Kasimov, tanbur players Rikhsi Rajabov, Maqsudhoja Yusupov, gijjak players Imomjon Ikramov, Nabi Hasanov, Makhmud Yunusov, flute players Dadali Soatkulov, Said Kalonov. , dustmen Nig'matjon Dostmuhammedov, Fahriddin Sodikov, Mamatjon Rasulov, circler Dadahoja Sottiev were involved.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In addition to Uzbek folk tunes, the ensemble's repertoire included works by modern composers, including Yu.Rajabiy's «Chorgoh», «Kochabogi», «Bayot», «Birlasashi», «Ilgor», «Mirzadavlat». Later, famous singers of the republic, Mullah Toychi Tashmuhammedov from Tashkent, Domla Halim Ibodov from Bukhara, Haji Abdurahmon Umarov from Samarkand, Matyakub Harratov from Khorezm, Safo Mughanni, Nazira Ahmedova from Tashkent worked in this ensemble. Over the years, the ensemble has grown, its performance repertoire has grown, and it has gained public attention. It is well known to music connoisseurs that the ensemble quickly became one of the best musical ensembles of Uzbekistan. Established in 1936, the Uzbek State Philharmonic (Director Muhiddin Qori Yaqubov, Music Director Tokhtasin Jalilov) formed the «Ethnographic Unison Ensemble» consisting of 98 performers, and the Dutor girls' ensembles consisting of 30 performers. Many skilled musicians and art masters work in the ensemble, and the team's long-term creative activity effectively serves the further development of Uzbek music art and its wide promotion.
In 1939, flute players A.Ismailov, A.Umrzakov and dust player F.Sodikov were awarded with the 2nd degree diploma at the All-Union examination of folk instruments held in Moscow. In the following years, many professional music groups, dozens and hundreds of musical ensembles were established in regions and districts, schools, educational institutions and houses of culture under the Radio and Television of Uzbekistan and are still operating today. They are: Yu.Rajabi's makomchilar ensemble under the Uzbek TV and Radio Company (leader Abduhoshim Ismailov), «Bahor» folk dance ensemble named after M.Turgunboeva (leader Ma'mura Ergasheva), «Shodlik» song and dance ensemble under the Philharmonic ( leader Kadir Mominov), «Tanovar» ensemble (leader Yulduz Ismatova), «Lazgi» song and dance ensemble (leader Rakhmatjon Kurbanov), children's «Bulbulcha» ensemble (leader Shermat Yormatov), »Parvoz» ensemble under the Aviasozlar Palace of Culture ( leader Sharip Janaydarov), «Kaldirgoch» ensemble from Bogot district of Khorezm region (leader Shermat Faizullaev), «Ayqulos» ensemble under the Karakalpakstan Philharmonic, «Zarafshon» ensemble from Bukhara region are among them.
CONCLUSION
In general, the independence of Uzbekistan created all the opportunities for the free and wide development of art, including the art of music, for the restoration of our national musical values. One of the main tasks facing our future music teachers is to learn more about the secrets of art during ensemble training, mastering performance skills, and at the same time, to develop the worldviews and spirituality of young students through art. , is to form the idea of national independence in their minds, to thoroughly master the secrets of educating people who love their homeland and work diligently for its development. From this point of view, it is the duty of every art lover and representative of the field to form an integration between the ensembles of the national music art and the direction of the modern variety, preserve the musical heritage rich in values and sophistication, education, moral qualities and the complex of delicate harmonic tones.
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