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Section 11. Philosophy
Section 11. Philosophy Секция 11. Философия
Ardashova Yaroslava Igorevna, National Aviation University, postgraduate student, the Faculty of Philosophy E-mail: [email protected]
Spirituality in the structure of personality
Abstract: the article considers the place of spirituality in the personality structure. Analyzed the views and positions of scientists in Eastern Europe on the issue of spirituality personality.
Keywords: spirituality, personality, spirit, development.
Problem of spiritual formation — one of the most important questions of our time. After all, spirituality provides all the extreme mental characteristics of human. Issues of spirituality are among the major psychological and philosophical problems. The modern civilization was needed to solve such vital task as: overcoming social and national injustice, termination national crisis that requires radical transformation of the minds of many people like a new revival of society.
Spirituality is linked to the internal condition of the person. Spirituality reflects not only the experiences which connect with traditionally considered to be religious, but also such experiences which linked to perception and cognition, all human activity and all the functions in total have such values as ethical, aesthetic, heroic, humanitarian and altruistic. Spirituality — is the internal world of human, connection between personality and religion. Spirituality — a perfect start for beginning of all creative power that make human better and brings them to the pure and precious world. And in this pure and precious world exist love, kindness, compassion, creativity, justice, freedom. Spirituality — this is the whole value human experience that is not divided by eras. Spirituality serves as the integrity of develop of the individual, as a call to do something which is not done naturally. The call, which requires individual interpretation. Spirituality — a way of life. Dal Russian Dictionary defines spirituality as something that opposes the flesh.
Even in the age of primitive culture it is possible to see the beginnings of the emergence of elements of spiritual culture: Elements of morality, mythological worldview, early forms of religion, ritual action. Rudiments of
moral consciousness of primitive man are the cultural taboos, later rituals. During of this period, the individual consciousness was still barely developed and almost completely merged with the collective.
Gradually formed speech, and thus there is rapid development of thinking and self- consciousness. The individual stops to identify themselves with the team, he can already create and talk his own thoughts about events or situations that exist. Spiritual foundation of the original culture at this stage becomes mythological consciousness. Due to the lack of knowledge the myths became as a base, with which explains everything.
In this undifferentiated form primitive mythology includes the beginnings of the spiritual culture of humanity that stand out from it in the later stages of development. Thus, the first form of religion can be considered the first form of spiritual culture — totemism, animism, fetishism, magic. As for research in spirituality Ukrainian philosophy, the first mention traced back to the days of Kievan Rus. Such well-known figures as Cyril and Methodius, the Great Vladimir, the Wise Yaroslav (“Russian Truth”), Vladimir Monomakh (“Manual”), Nestor the Chronicler (“The Tale of Bygone Years”), Metropolitan Hilarion (“Sermon on Law and Grace”) — were the primary sources of spiritual formation of the individual. Their writings were taught the basic laws of life and the existence of contemporary society. Great importance had and work of St. John Chrysostom, which dealt with the spiritual development of the individual. Teofan Recluse believes that the essence of the spiritual life is to convert heartfulness and physicality in spirituality, that is the inspiration of the soul and the body. That is
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the purpose of spiritual growth is the way to improve yourself as creature in all its manifestations, in finding of the meaning of existence, in growing of morality and harmony in ourselves.
Exactly Christianization of ancient society even in the tenth century, initiated the formation of a new, spiritual and personal image of the world in the minds of contemporary people.
According to the religious beliefs, «spirituality» — is a manifestation of the degree (disclosure) and the develop of Spirit of God in human. Ukrainian philosopher V. Zenkivsky believes that spirituality — a divine creative force that permeates all life (soul and body) and defines its new quality. The priest-psychologist V. Nychy-porov says that the spiritual human can be person with such level that can with help of God subordinate sphere of emotional and physical foundations of the spiritual life [2, 148]. T. de Chardin said that the phenomenon of human is the result of spiritual evolution of the universe: «so can we now go through unspiritual way and waste all the effort universe?».
Thus, the religious interpretation of the term «spirituality» has quite definite sense, it is — a special status of the believer — the proximity of the soul, the inner world to God. According to Christian anthropology, human is the image and likeness of God, because it is able to know the eternal, endless, enduring, spiritual and identify yourself with it.
Formation of spiritual identity linked with degree of development of human spirituality which depends from level of perfection and harmony of human society. Philosophers of different ages always take in attention a spiritual self-identity.
Cosmists philosophers of the twentieth century such as K. Tsiolkovsky, V. Vernadsky, A. Czyzewski, said that only the spiritual development of human can become the force which push of all evolution. N. Berdyaev noted that only from the spiritual development of man, from what kind of spirit, depends of all human development [2, 3]. «Heaven — wrote N. Berdyaev — is the most profound depth of our spiritual life» [4, 2]. In this depth, in his opinion, founded a spiritual experience as the deeper layer being. Spirituality serves as the essential characteristic of human’s inner world, as a factor of human enlightenment, human society. S. Frank in his book «The Spiritual Foundations of Society» showed that human society is a particular phenomenon of the spiritual world, not just material world.
In Russian religious philosophy XVIII — XIX century was popular the idea that harmony of social relations is
possible only on the spiritual basis, that is through spiritual develop of each person. G. Pan, M. Gogol, P, Yut-kevich, P. Kulish determine priority role of individual spiritual as component of the formation of social relations. G. Skovoroda believed that social progress of society undoubtedly depends from the spiritual development of each individual.
The problem of spirituality is also involved in Russian religious philosophy XIX — XX centuries. Such philosophers as V. Soloviev, N. Berdyaev, V. Lossky, P. Florensky, S. Frank, I. Ilyin, O. Men understand spirituality in the measurements of the Christian religion and explored some aspects of «spirituality» [1, 89]. N. Berdyaev in his work «The Spirit and Reality,» «Spiritual crisis of the intelligentsia,» «Philosophy of free mind» connects spirituality with freedom, sense, creative activity, integrity, love. He said that spirituality has not only personal, but also social character [4, 158-161]. Researcher in term “spirituality" also understands specifically human quality that characterizes the motivation of a person’s behavior, the need for understanding of the world and themselves, in search of the sense of life and its purpose. V. Soloviev saw spirituality as the moral nature of man. S. Frank treated spirituality as involvement in God as a way of connection with people. I. Ilyin believed that only a reverence for God is an expression of spirituality.
So, N. Berdyaev, S. Frank, M. Tareyev, V. Zenkivskyy, V. Vernadsky, P. Simonov, A. Alekseyenko combine the spiritual life, with the spiritual essence of human, with the awakening of spirituality. According to V. Zenkivsky spiritual life of the individual shows in his relationship with God, with the world, with society and with himself, with the spiritual world [2, 121]. It manifests itself through life creativity, professional activities, actions, character of self-determination, social relations.
According to the concept of Ukrainian philosopher of the XX — XXI century S. Krimsky spirituality expressed with help of finding meaning and purpose of human life, with help of the inner world of the individual, his freedom. Ukrainian philosophical tradition does not define some certain notion of «spirituality», but this problem is considered in the context of the «philosophy of the heart» H. Skovoroda, P. Yurkev-ich. G. Skovoroda brings the concept of «spiritual-ity » to category of «heart.» He describes the human which consist from two natures — invisible — spiritual, and visible — material. Spirituality is an invisible but important essence of human. P. Jurkiewicz, follower of N. Skovoroda launched the concept of the heart as the defining basis of spiritual life.
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By modern Ukrainian philosopher T. Turina Love is an indicator of spirituality, as neither knowledge nor skills or abilities or talents without love is not indicative of spirituality as they may be used for evil, to destroy and dispose. By meaning of most scientists Faith, Love, Goodness, Truth and its harmonious unity express the spirituality of human [1, 113]. In the Christian religion, the concept of spirituality is seen as a purely divine. Spiritual development possibilities of human is the degree of approximation to the Creator, that is the level of spirituality.
In the spiritual and esoteric philosophies see that spirituality is associated with the spiritual self-development, self-identity, which leads to the development and opening of human spirituality. Spirituality is a way of transcending the verge of this life and involvement in Eternity.
S. Krimsky believes that if analyze the determination of «spirituality» from integrated, synthetic positions, combining religious, spiritual and esoteric, scientific position that «spirituality» can be understood as the core of every individual, a center that integrates into a whole human being.
T. Turina takes several definitions of spirituality: Spirituality — is the essential character of a person which leads her to seek the highest sense of existence, helps to relate their lives with absolute values, and thus, to join God actualize intrinsic spiritual force of personality. Spirituality — the ability to understand by human’s place in life, to understand the need for continuous self-
development, the need to live in harmony with yourself and the world.
Summarizing the information already known about the definition of «spirituality» can integrate this information in few theses:
- with help of spiritual human overcomes alienation between themselves and the outside world, that it helps to live in harmony with each other, expresses the unity of human and the world.
- spirituality — it is a methods of self-creation, selfdevelopment ofpersonality. It is from the opening and development of spirituality in human begins the way from human to himself, to God.
- spirituality — controlled by the principles of self-awareness, self-development and personal fulfillment, focus on higher value, the maximum manifestation of creative power of the individual.
- true spirituality is manifested in the deep inner degeneration of human through meaningful spiritual earthly way of moral self-improvement.
Thus, the «spirituality» — is the core of every individual, the center that integrates into a whole human being, is the essential character of a person who leads her to seek the highest sense of existence, helps to relate their lives with absolute values, and thus, to join God actualize intrinsic spiritual force of personality, is the ability to understand human’s place in life, to understand the need for continuous self-improvement, self-development, the need to live in harmony with yourself and the world.
Reference:
1. Кримський С. PaHKOBi роздуми/Зб.ст. - Худож.оформ. О. Бглецького. - К.: Майстерня Бглецьких, - 2009. - 120 с.
2. Зеньковский В. В. Проблемы воспитания в свете христианской антропологии. - М.: Изд-во Свято-Владимирского Братства, - 1993. - 225 с.
3. Бердяев Н. А. Экзистенциальная диалектика божественного и человеческого//Мир философии. - Ч. 2. -М., - 1991. - с. 158-161
4. Бердяев Н. О. О назначении человека.//Мир философии. - Ч. 2. - М., - 1991. - с. 256-262.
Novak Tatyana Vladimirovna, National Aviation University, postgraduate student, the Faculty of Philosophy E-mail: [email protected]
Virtualization of countercultural environment in information age
Abstract: This article examines transformation of countercultural groups of Internet communities by interests. Keywords: Internet, counterculture, subculture, virtualization.
It is hard to overestimate an impact of Informa- human, on its psyche, on human society as a whole
tion and Communications Technology (ICT) on and its culture. At the peak of information technology
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