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GULSINA KHOSHIMOVA. SPIRITUAL AND MORAL BASIS OF MILITARY CULTURE OF THE ARMY OF UZBEKISTAN //
The article was written for the bulletin "Russia and the Moslem World."
Keywords: military art, spirituality, Islam, national army, military tradition, humanism.
Gulsina Khoshimova,
Lecturer,
Distance Teaching Department,
Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami
Citation: Khoshimova G. Spiritual and Moral Basis of Military Culture of the Army of Uzbekistan / / Russia and the Moslem World, 2020, № 4 (310), P. 70-74. DOI: 10.31249/rmw/2020.04.04
Abstract. This article describes the history of military culture as the spiritual and moral basis of the modern army of Uzbekistan. The role of military culture and traditions in education of military personnel in the spirit of patriotism is revealed.
The providing of effective moral education of military personnel at all historical stages has been and still is an important factor in ensuring national security of the country. The tasks of spiritual and moral education of army soldiers were solved in many ways and means in line with the course of the state personnel policy towards the armed forces.
According to the historical experience of Uzbekistan at the critical stages of development of the Uzbek state, military personnel, as the category of the most professionally trained
service men, were distinguished by patriotism, the state level of thinking, morality, strong will and sense of purpose in solving tasks to strengthen the state's national defense capabilities. The military culture of the national army of Uzbekistan has the same spiritual and moral foundations as the entire national culture of Uzbekistan - this is the original culture of the Uzbek and other peoples living in Uzbekistan. The national idea of independence and unifying around the ideals of our people, drive for internal spiritual self-improvement are the foundations on which Turan, Maverannahr, Uzbekistan and their army grew up. As a result of more than 14 centuries of the influence of Islam, our people have formed high moral principles of selfless service and self-sacrifice in the name of Faith and Homeland, and today a sense of military duty to the Motherland has been preserved.
Prominent Uzbek statesmen and military leaders such as Amir Timur, Sultan Jalalitdin Manguberdi, Zahritdin Mohammed Babur perfectly understood the importance of spiritual and moral education of military personnel based on the foundation of Islamic teaching. An analysis of historical, archival and documentary sources indicates that Islam was the fundamental basis for the spiritual and moral education of soldiers in the army of Amir Timur during all periods of its development. Since the religious basis covered all aspects of troops' life, fighting and moral qualities necessary for the warrior were brought up with the help of religion. Being a ruler, Timur, relying on Islam, used the authority of the Muslim clergy to strengthen his autocratic power. It should be noted that Amir Timur attached great importance to the quality of training of military leaders, he demanded in the process of training of young soldiers to explain to them the meaning of the "Quaran," the meaning of the thoughts set out in it, to explain to the students the laws of the state and sharia, and to achieve the perfection of a man in the matter of morality. In addition, Amir Timur sent scientists and teachers to each city for religious education of Muslims, also paying great attention to other sciences (as
academician I. Muminov wrote - mathematics, geometry, engineering sciences, architecture, astronomy, literature, history and music, Amir Timur was a supporter of teaching of geography and he paid special attention to awareness of those countries where he had not been yet) [1].
In consolidating state power, Tamerlan (Amir Timur) attached great importance to improving the army. His military doctrine was clear. Special attention was paid to the selection, arrangement and education of military leaders, the composition and number of military units, their armament. Strict order and severe discipline were everywhere. The first place among many tasks solved by the military clergy was the desire to educate and develop spiritual and moral strength in a warrior, to make him a harmoniously developed person raised on true Islamic values. According to Timur's order, interrogations, revisions and inspections were carried out from time to time. The identified improprieties were severely punished. Sharafuddin Ali Yezdi in the work "Zafarnoma" reports that Timur punished even people closest to him, for example, the son of Miranshah and the grandson of Amirzad Pirmukhammed. When it came to honor, dignity, the interests of the state, Amir Timur, according to Yezdi, did not spare himself, his sons, grandchildren, or relatives. In his state affairs, he remained firm [2].
At the present stage of the development of the national army, spiritual and educational work in the system of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan is organized on the basis of the conceptual idea "Homeland is sacred, its protection is the honorary duty!", defense of independence and territorial integrity of the country is established as the most important task. The basic essence and content of this idea are aimed at the formation of honest, loyal and selfless patriots who do not spare their lives in the fight against the enemy. Enhancement of combat readiness and fighting potential of the troops, strengthening of active life position, development of intellectual potential, cultivation of responsibility for the fate of the Motherland, as well
as strengthening of ideological immunity against ideological and information threats, fulfillment of civil duty and constitutional obligations, forming of a harmoniously developed soldier - this is the main content of the Concept of military-patriotic education of youth [3], designed to ensure the unity of the army and people. Advance of the culture of military service of the national army should be realized on the basis of traditions. In the direction of ideological work, there are organized events that influence consciousness and thinking of military personnel using modern information and propaganda technologies. Measures of educational focus are information activities aimed at increasing the knowledge of military personnel and young people about the national idea and ideology, about ancient and rich culture of Uzbekistan, its history and centuries-old values, strengthening of their scientific, socio-political, spiritual and educational, legal knowledge and intellectual abilities, worldview.
Improvement of military service's culture should be carried out through the formation of consciousness of military personnel and in accordance with the goals and tasks that the Armed Forces currently solve, and on the basis of traditions. We define a number of qualities to increase the level of the officer's military culture, which he needs to work at: the military specialist executive should be distinguished by endurance, professionalism, initiative, awareness of his role in modern war, and the ability to predict events. Talent of an officer is manifested in the leadership, control and management of people, where such qualities as humanity, hard-working nature, tenderness, kindness, patriotism, etc. will be the common basis. [4] According to Yu.A. Panasenko, military administration in the army is a part of military art - as a multifaceted and multi factor phenomenon. A study of the practice of military personnel and officers of the Armed Forces suggests that an increase in the level of military service culture can be achieved in the following ways: analysis of the level of total and professional culture; the formation of positive motivation for the development of a culture of military service;
showing the significance of the culture of military service for the successful realization of military-professional potential; study and promotion of military traditions, which contribute to the formation of military honor, responsibility, a sense of duty, a sustainable interest in their professional activities among officers; encouraging officers to work to improve professional knowledge and skills. An important condition is the presence of character-building bodies with personnel.
Military interaction is currently taking place in different forms. First of all, the combat experience of the wars waged by certain countries is being studied. The military science of highly developed states, the organizational structure of their armed forces, charters are being studied. The best practices are incorporated [4]. The purpose of studying military culture, as well as culture in general, is to acquaint the younger generation with the spiritual heritage concentrated in the works of thinkers, the scientific data, traditions, lifestyle of the people based on the study and teaching of the history of military culture.
References
1 Ibn Arabshah. History of Amir Timur. Third volume. Author of the translation Khaidarbek Bababekov. — Toshkent: Publisher's house "Fun va tekhnologialar", 2008. 239 бет.
2. Ulzhaev Sh. Amir Timur davlat boshkaruvy / Sh. Ulzhaev. - Toshkent: Akademnashr, 2017. — 248
3. Resolution of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan on August 4, 2018 № PP-3898 "On the fundamental improvement of the system of spiritual and educational stiffening of the armed forces in the Republic of Uzbekistan". https://lex.uz/ (National database of regulations, 08.08.2018 , № 07/18/3898/1622; 11.12.2019 , № 06/19/5892/4134)
4 Panasenko Yu.A. Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. 2017. № 13 (409). Philosophic sciences. Issue. 46. P. 74 — 77.
