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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-69-73
Speed of circular kick increase in taekwondo
Evgeniy N. Golovikhin', Olga I. Razumova.2*, Aleksey V. Voronin2, Anton A. Khokhlov3
1 DA. Razumovsky Sports School, Ulyanovsk Ulyanovsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0003-2465-8424, shidokan@rambler.ru 2PA. Stolypin State Agrarian University, Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-5317-4173, razumovaoi@mail.ru* ORCID: 0000-0001-8956-394X, aleksej.voronin.1986@mail.ru 3Technological Institute- branch of PA. Stolypin State Agrarian University, Ulyanovsk
Dmitrovgrad, Russia 3ORCID:0000-0002-1927-4533, khokhlov.73@mail.ru
Abstract: As a kind of sport taekwondo exists more than 20 years. World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) unit kerugi (sparring) is a kind of sport. It is included into the program of the Olympic Games. Athletes from more than 200 countries want to take part in the Olympic Games. Each four years the rules of competitions are improved. The introduced electronic judging system in taekwondo WTF helped to estimate effectively the attacking competitive actions. Materials. Studying the opportunity to increase the speed of kicks in competitive combats. Research methods. Scientific sources analysis and summarizing, testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. We created the complex of physical exercises. They help to increase the explosive power of muscles and experimentally checked the quality of adaptive changes. Specially selected physical exercises for model groups of muscles caused planned adaptive changes in them. They led to speed increase of circular front leg kicks into the average level, which was seen in the results of monitoring. The best result of "circular front leg kicks" exercise fulfillment in the EG was 32 kicks, the worst result was 26 kicks. The average result was 28 right leg kicks, 27,8 left leg kicks. The best result in CG was 24 kicks, the worst result -20 kicks. The average result was 22 right leg kicks, 21,4 left leg kicks. The results in the control group didn't change. Conclusion. Power load, which develops explosive power, together with speed-power oriented muscle load of submaximal power increased the speed of circular strike, which the test results proved.
Keywords: the Olympic Games, taekwondo, sparring, explosive power, circular strike, experiment, micro cycle, training lessons, mesocycle.
For citation: Evgeniy N. Golovikhin, Olga I. Razumova.*, Aleksey V. Voronin, Anton A. Khokhlov. Speed of circular kick increase in taekwondo. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(1)154-58. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-69-73 .
INTRODUCTION 1. To consider the state of the question in
The increasing struggle between the athletes scientific-methodical sources.
and a new electronic judging system demand 2. To plan the experiment in terms of a
athletes' training lessons improvement. For this mesocycle selecting the means, physical exercises,
purpose we carried out the experiment in order to amount of repetitions, load intensity, rest between
study the opportunity to increase the speed of kicks the exercises, series and micro cycles.
in competitive combats [1,2,3,4,5]. 3. To check experimentally the research
Object of the research - stage-mesocycle results by means of special technical-tactical tests. of taekwondo athletes' training of special physical
orientation for speed abilities improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subject of the research - increasing the We carried out the experiment connected
speed of circular front leg kick into the average level. with speed of circular kick fulfillment. For the
Objectives of the research: experiment validity we defined the conditions of
the research. Circular front leg kicks were fulfilled into a fixed average level within 10 seconds with the command at a maximal speed. The leg came off the support, fulfilled a circular kick into a back point. After the kick a leg returned to the initial position and the kick was fulfilled again. Time was registered with the help of sound signal of timers [6,7,8,9].
20 athletes took part in the experiment. The experimental group (EG) included 10 athletes. Experience of training was from 5 years. The average age was 15 year. The control group (CG) included 10 athletes. During the first monitoring the following results were received. The best result in "circular front leg kick" exercise in EG was 25 kicks. The worst result was 21 kicks. The average result was 23 right leg kicks, 22,8 left leg kicks.
The best result in "circular front leg kick" exercise in the CG was 24 kicks. The worst result was 20 kicks. The average result was 22 right leg kicks, 21,4 left leg kicks.
The objectives of the experiment are the following: to select the complex of physical exercises. They help to increase explosive power of muscles and experimentally check the quality of adaptive changes.
Hypothesis of the research - specially selected physical exercises for model muscles groups would cause planned adaptive changes in muscles. They lead to speed of circular front leg kick increase into the average level. It would be seen in the results of monitoring.
After a competitive stage monitoring was organized and planned training tasks were fulfilled. Once in four days power oriented training for hip and foot extensor muscles was fulfilled. During the first day of a micro cycle athletes fulfilled legs extension including foot movement at "seated press in a set regimens" training simulator. The first attempt was warming-up. The amount of repetitions during warming-up period was defined by a light tiredness of the muscles working groups. After 7 minutes of rest, after a complete rehabilitation, maximal press of 2-3 repetitions was fulfilled. Leg press was fulfilled from half bent legs position with 100 degrees angle. Weight for every person was selected individually. Such kind of series athletes fulfilled 7 times in 7-8 minutes of rest. This training was intensive and
main in each micro cycle.
The second day of a micro cycle was technical-tactical ones. The athletes trained competitive movements. The third day of a micro cycle was based on not complete rehabilitation of model group of muscles after the first day of a micro cycle. The training included 5 series. They included 6 attempts from competitive combinations. The rest between the attempts was realized according to the pulse, where by the next exercise fulfillment heart rate was 130 beats/ min. and lower. The rest between the series was from 5 till 8 minutes. The regimen of model competitive combinations fulfillment was in the powers, achieved by the athletes. We used the regimen of submaximal power starting from 40 seconds and with each micro cycle the time of work was increased for 15-20 seconds. During the attempt an athlete fulfilled knees, leg blows, from different positions of the pad with maximal quick tempo within 20 seconds. After 20 seconds an athlete fulfilled competitive combinations in the regimen of submaximal power during the first phase of an anaerobic zone- in general 5-6 attempts in a series.
The 4th day of a micro cycle had an aerobic character. Its aim was oxygen provision.
Control group trained according to sports training program on the basis of sports training standard.
After the transfer mesocycle (included 8 micro cycles) organization we organized an additional monitoring in the experimental and control groups.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The best result in "front leg circular kick" exercise fulfillment in EG was 32 kicks, the worst result was 26 kicks. The average result was 28 right leg kicks, 27,8 left leg kicks.
The best result in "front leg circular kick" exercise fulfillment in the CG was 24 kicks, the worst result was 20 kicks. The average result was 22 right leg kicks, 21,4 left leg kicks. The results in the control group didn't change.
In order to calculate the validity of differences according to Student t-test it was necessary to:
1. Reveal the arithmetic average of X for the experimental and control groups. For this purpose we used computer program Excel. The results were the following:
The average results and difference
№ Test Control group Experimental group
a.r. difference a.r. difference
1 Circular right leg kick 24 4 25 4
2 Circular left leg kick 21,4 3 23,8 3
1. In both groups we calculate standard d deviation. It is calculated from the difference of the greatest and the smallest index. Then the difference is divided by K - table coefficient. For the control group the amount of respondents is 10, K=3,08. For the experimental group the amount of respondents is 10, K=3,08.
№ Test Standard deviation, d
Control group Experimental group
1 Circular right leg kick 13,34 15,6
2 Circular left leg kick 0,26 0,27
1. We calculate standard error of the arithmetic average value m according to the formula: d divide by square root, where the amount of respondents is - 1. We receive the following results:
№ Test Standard error, m
Control group Experimental group
1 Circular right leg kick 4,3 4,17
2 Circular left leg kick 0,1 0,07
4. We calculate standard error of t difference (arithmetic average of EG minus arithmetic average of CG), received number divided by square root of the sum of errors squares in CG and EG.
With the help of a special table we define the validity of differences. For this purpose we compare the received t value with the boundary value in terms of 5% level of significance (t=0,05) in terms of the amount of the stages of freedom /=ne+nc-2, where ne is the amount of respondents from EG, nc is the amount of respondents in CG. 10+10-2=18. In the table /=18 corresponds with 2.10.
№ Test Mean error of the difference, t P, experimental group
1 Circular right leg kick 6.9 >2.04
2 Circular left leg kick 11.7 >2.04
№ Test Mean error of the difference, t P, control group
1 Circular right leg kick 49 <2.04
2 Circular left leg kick 7.1 <2.04
CONCLUSION
Validity indices according to Student t-test show that two tests in the experimental group № 1 and № 2 are valid. The rest of indices in the control group are not valid, it means that the experimental methodology turned out to be effective. Power load, which develops explosive power, together with speed-power oriented muscle load of submaximal power increased the speed of circular strike, which the test results proved.
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Submitted: 20.02.2021 Author's information:
Evgeniy N. Golovikhin E.N. - Doctor of Pedagogics, Honored Coach of Russia, Master of Sports of International Class, DA. Razumovsky Sports School, Ulyanovsk, 432000, Russia, Ulyanovsk, Dimitrova str., House 10A, e-mail: shidokan@rambler.ru
Olga I. Razumova - Senior Lecturer, PA. Stolypin State Agrarian University, Ulyanovsk, 432017, Russia, Ulyanovsk, Novyj Venec blv., House 1, e-mail: razumovaoi@mail.ru
Aleksey V. Voronin - Candidate of Social Sciences, Associate Professor, PA. Stolypin State Agrarian University, 432017, Russia, Ulyanovsk, Novyj Venec blv., House 1, e-mail: aleksej.voronin.1g86@mail.ru Anton A. Khokhlov - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Technological Institute-branch of PA. Stolypin State Agrarian University, Ulyanovsk, 433511, Russia, Dmitrovgrad, Kujbyshev str., House 310, e-mail: khokhlov.73@mail.ru
