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9
UDC 796.015.527 DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-2-59-64
Special strength training of highly qualified ski jumpers
Irina A. Avvakumova, Tatyana V. Fendel*, Dmitriy A. Zubkov
Chaykovskiy State Physical Culture Academy Chaykovskiy, Russia cporcmenka2@mail.ru ORCID 0000-0002-6696-6102, fendel82@mail.ru* ORCID 0000-0001-9533-0034, dmitrisubkov@mail.ru
Abstract: TSpecial strength training among ski jumpers should be directed toward the power of repulsion increase. For this purpose it is necessary to increase power oriented potential of muscles and the quality of intermuscular coordination. The aim of the research. To substantiate theoretically, create, experimentally test and estimate the effectiveness of special strength training methodology among highly-qualified ski jumpers. Research methods. Scientific-methodical sources analysis, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics, the received results analysis and summarizing. Research organization. The pedagogical experiment was organized during the period since 2018 till 2022. Contingent - girls from the first and reserve team of ski jumping national team of Russia (10 people - 7 are masters of sport, 3 are World-class athletes). Results. The offered methodology of special strength training realization among highly-qualified ski jumpers helped to increase their power oriented potential, had a positive influence on the indices of coordinating abilities, including intermuscular coordination. Conclusion. The results of the research prove the effectiveness of the offered methodology of special strength training among highly-qualified ski jumpers. Keywords: methods of teaching calligraphy; teaching motor actions; rolcross; complex methods of teaching.
For citation: Irina A. Avvakumova, Tatyana V. Fendel*, Dmitriy A. Zubkov. Special strength training of highly qualified ski jumpers. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2022; 17(2): 45-49. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-2-59-64.
Introduction
In ski jumping the flight over the end of the landing area line (HS line) gives an athlete better chances to win, but at the same time, increases the risk of getting an injury [1].
In order to prevent traumatism the organizers of the competitions decrease the length of acceleration distance, providing the speed on jumping table decrease. On the normal hills the speed on jumping table decreased for one and a half kilometers per hour within the recent 4 years and the acceleration distance decrease for 2-3 starting benches [1, 4].
It led to the fact that the average length of the jump during seasons 2019-2020 and 20202021 significantly decreased, but during season 2021-2022 the length started to return to the initial values. First, athletes started to solve the problem of the jump length increased owing to the power of repulsion increase on a jumping table.
The power during a motor action fulfillment is conditioned by two factors: strength potential of skeletal muscles and neuromuscular coordination of muscle efforts [2].
Thus, their development becomes an urgent
objective of special strength training of ski jumpers. The aim of the research: to substantiate theoretically, create, experimentally test and estimate the effectiveness of special strength training methodology among highly-qualified ski jumpers.
Materials and methods
The main research methods were the following: the method of pedagogical experiment and the method of mathematical statistics. The pedagogical experiment was organized during the period since 2018 till 20200. Contingent - girls from the first and reserve team of ski jumping national team of Russia (10 people - 7 are masters of sport, 3 are World-class athletes). Because of the paucity of the samplings the validity of differences was defined with the help of Wilcoxon W-criterion.
Results and discussion
Since 2018 till 2022 we realized the work in two directions:
- firstly, we specified on which stage of training it is reasonable to develop defined by us strength abilities. They provide power of the ski jump,
- secondly, we realized searching for optimal volumes of strength work on each of these stages (table 1).
According to the results of each season
results in order to define the degree and the direction of the offered strength loads combination influence on them.
By season 2021-2022 we defined the final
together with the coaching staff we analyzed the combination of the strength orientation loads. It dynamics of physical readiness and sport-technical was realized (table 2).
Table 1
Distribution of strength oriented loads in seasons 2018-2022 (approaches)
The results of strength oriented loads of ski jumping national team of the Russian
season 2021-2022
Table 2
Federation (women) in
Indices Unit of measure Preparatory period Competitive period Total within season 2021-2022
General volume hour 23:33:00 8:39:00 32:12:00
% 100 100 100
Hypertrophy hour 4:00:00 0 4:00:00
% 17 0 12,4
Maximum force hour 6:23:00 2:13:00 8:36:00
% 27,1 25,6 26,7
Quick force hour 10:58:00 2:05:00 13:03:00
% 46,6 24,1 40,5
Explosive force hour 2:12:00 4:21:00 6:33
At the beginning and the end of the season we physical, including strength, readiness of the organized pedagogical testing. It helped to estimate respondents.
For this purpose we used both the tests regulated by the Federal standard of sports training in "Ski jumping", adopted by the decree of the Ministry of sport of the Russian Federation № 490 on 30.06.2021, and used in practice of sports training among ski jumpers according to the recommendations of the native and foreign
scientists [3, 4, 5, 6] (table 3).
In three tests: "Forward bend,", "Barriers" and
"Eight" - there were no statistically valid changes in
the results of the respondents (p > 0,05).
In three tests, which characterize strength abilities
("Plank", "standing long-jump" and "triple jump")
we registered statistically valid changes (p < 0,05).
Table 3
Dynamics of the tests results connected with physical readiness estimation among highly-qualified ski
jumpers (women, season 2021-2022)
Stage of the experiment Mean value of the index Тпр, % p Levels
average low
Sagittal balance (s)
+22,6 < 0,05 1,6 - 4,5 4,51 - 7,41 7,42 - 10,3
BE(beginning of the experiment) 4,66±2,74
EE(end of the experiment) 5,72±2,8
Frontal balance (s)
+ 116,4 < 0,05 17,9 - 25,74 10,05 - 17,9 2,2 - 10,04
BE 5,5±3,5 0,0 20,0 80,0
EE 11,9±7,9 20,0 40,0 40,0
Bend forward (cm)
+9,3 > 0,05 30,8 - 36,1 25,4 - 30,7 20,0 - 25,3
BE 24,4±3,1 0,0 40,0 60,0
EE 26,67±5,4 20,0 30,0 50,0
Barriers (sec.)
-5,8 > 0,05 4,74 - 5,06 5,07 - 5,39 5,4 - 5,72
BE 5,38±0,3 0,0 40,0 60,0
EE 5,07±0,36 70,0 20,0 10,0
Eight (sec.)
-3,7 > 0,05 15,91 -17,09 17,1 - 18,28 18,3 -19,47
BE 17,57±1,19 40,0 40,0 20,0
EE 16,92±0,83 70,0 20,0 10,0
Plank (min)
+44,6 < 0,05 5:11 - 7:03 3:18 - 5:10 1:25 - 3:17
BE 2:56±1:06 0,0 40,0 60,0
EE 4:14±1:28 30,0 40,0 30,0
Standing long-jump (m)
8,35 < 0,05 252,0 -276,0 227,0 -251,0 202,0 -226,0
BE 220,3±14,1 0,0 30,0 70,0
EE 238,7±17,4 30,0 50,0 20,0
Triple jump from two legs onto two legs (m)
5,0 < 0,05 743 - 807 678 - 742 613 - 677
BE 677,9±44,9 0,0 30,0 70,0
EE 711,7±56,5 30,0 50,0 20,0
30 meters run (sec.)
+6,3 <0,05 4,73 - 5,04 5,05 - 5,36 5,36 - 5,67
BE 5,26±0,23 50,0 40,0 10,0
EE 4,93±0,13 60,0 40,0 0,0
We also registered statistically valid changes For more precise estimation of strength
in the following tests: during sagittal and frontal abilities dynamics we used apparatus-diagnostics balance estimation, in 30 meters run (p < 0,05). complex BioDex (table 4).
Table 4
Comparative evaluation of the lower extremities indices isokinetic test (BioDex) among highly-qualified
ski jumpers (women, season 2021-2022)
Index Model values Mean value of the index Average deviation from model values %
BE EE BE EE
The average maximal relative strength of legs muscles (extensor + flexors) (N-m/kg) 2,99 1,678 2,12 43,9 29,1
The average maximal relative strength of legs muscles (extensors) (N-m/kg) 4,0 2,198 3,34 45,1 16,5
The average maximal relative strength of legs muscles (flexors) (N-m/ kg) 2,21 1,094 2,09 50,5 5,4
Ratio legs extensors / flexors 0,6 0,477 0,56 20,5 6,7
Ratio the right/left leg 1,0 0,984 0,989 1,6 1,1
The results of the experiment showed that all respondents were close to model values in relative strength of legs muscles extensor and flexors, in their ratio to each other and in the ratio of the right and the left lower extremities muscles strength.
Conclusion
The changes in ski jumping condition the necessity to search for the ways of the special strength training effectiveness increase.
In our opinion, special strength training of ski jumpers should be directed toward the power of repulsion increase. For this purpose it is necessary to increase power oriented potential of muscles and the quality of intermuscular coordination.
The results of the research prove the effectiveness of the offered methodology of special strength training among highly-qualified ski jumpers., which helped not only to increase their strength potential, but also had a positive influence on coordinating abilities indices, including intermuscular coordination.
References
1. Avvakumova I.A., Fendel T.V., Gorbunov S.A. Predicting sports-technical effectiveness in ski jumping. Teoriya I praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury = Theory and practice of physical culture. 2022; 2:
100-102 [In Russ., In Engl.]
2. Myakinchenko E.B., Kryuchkov A.S., Fomichenko T.G. Silovaya podgotovka sportsmenov vysokogo klassa v tsiklicheskih vidah sporta s preimechestvennym proyzvleniyem vynoslivosti. Monografiya [Strength training of high class athletes in cyclic kinds of sport with the prevailing demonstration of endurance. Monograph]. Moscow: Sport. 2022: 280 [In Russ.].
3. About adoption of the federal standard of sports training in ski jumping: Decree on 30.06.2021 № 490 (registered in Ministry of Justice of Russia June, 28. 2021; 64415. URL: https://minsport.gov. ru/sport/podgotovka/82/27833
4. Zebzeev V.V., Novikova N.B., Zdanovich O.S. Тeoriya I praktrika pryzhkov na lyzhah s tramplina I lyzxhnogo dvoeboriya: uchebnik [Theory and practice of ski jumping and Nordic combination: Textbook]. Chaykovskiy: Chaykovskiy State Institute of Physical Culture. 2020: 479.
5. Fendel T. V., Zubkov D.A., Litovchenko V.A. Problems and prospects of sports training modernization in ski jumping. Teoriya I praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury = Theory and practice of physical culture. 2021; 11: 92-94 [In Russ., In Engl.]
6. Jost B. Teorija in metodika smucarskih skokov. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za sport. 2009: 374.
Submitted: 10.05.2022 Author's information:
Irina A. Avvakumova - Chaykovskiy State Academy of Physical Culture, 617760, Russia, Chaykovskiy, Lenina str., House 67, e-mail: cportcmenta2@mail.ru
Tatyana V. Fendel - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Chaykovskiy State Academy of Physical Culture, 617760, Russia, Chaykovskiy, Lenina str., House 67, e-mail: fendel82@mail.ru Dmitriy A. Zubkov - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Chaykovskiy State Academy of Physical Culture, 617760, Russia, Chaykovskiy, Lenina str., House 67, e-mail: dmitrisubkov@mail.ru
