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Gayazov (А.С. Гаязов) УДК 37.0
MODERN WORLD AND THE LEADING ROLE OF EDUCATION (СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ МИР И ВЕДУЩАЯ РОЛЬ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ)
Аннотация
В статье автором рассматриваются проблемы и перспективные направления развития системы образования в Республике Башкортостан в рамках тенденции усиления ведущей роли образования в обществе. Автор считает, что основной причиной, вызвавшей необходимость модернизации и совершенствования образования, является включение республики в разветвленную систему международного информационно-коммуникационного пространства, что априори предполагает использование широкой базы данных, в т.ч. зарубежных университетов и научных центров. Образовательные организации региона обладают реальным потенциалом, позволяющим им занять достойное место в российском и мировом сообществах.
Раскрываются предпосылки приобретения образованием ведущей роли в обществе, дается определение и характеристики данного феномена. Задача сегодняшнего дня лежит в области формирования не только гражданского, но и образовательного общества, в котором главной целью для каждого человека является получение надлежащего образования как фактора, удовлетворяющего основополагающие права человека (как это провозглашено в «Декларации прав человека»). Это, в свою очередь, формирует ответственность граждан за развитие общества и его биосферы в целом на пути к ноосфере. Образование, являясь отражением социально-культурных процессов в обществе, становится созидательной силой, способной формировать «человеческий капитал», управляет эволюционным процессом, определяет тип строящегося общества. Как социальный институт, образование постепенно превращается в важнейший стимулирующий фактор, который соотносится с перспективными целями, стоящими перед современным обществом, и оказывает влияние на развитие и обогащение социокультурных традиций в обществе. В этом случае ведущей концепцией современного образования становится гуманитарная, т.е. образование должно быть преобразовано, что предполагает усвоение общечеловеческих ценностей, новейших достижений науки и техники, а также многообразие опыта.
Усиление ведущей роли образования - это, прежде всего, в ориентации всей образовательной деятельности и ее результатов на перспективные потребности в экономике, в промышленной и непромышленной областях; на новое качество подготовки специалистов в педагогической и профессиональной сферах; на формирование у студентов стремления к приобретению новых знаний. Ведущая роль образования предполагает не простую адаптацию учебных заведений к рыночной системе, а обеспечение их полноценного функционирования в системе рыночных отношений. Последнее рассматривается как позитивный факт в современной России, который стимулирует и делает более динамичными все аспекты деятельности образовательных организаций в сфере высшего профессионального образования. Все вышесказанное требует расширения образовательных услуг. Усиление ведущей роли образования выводит на необходимость формирования новой модели общего и профессионального образования, отвечающей всем требованиям современных социально-экономических отношений в обществе в целом и социального развития. Автор приходит к выводу, что решение данной задачи в системе образования России и ее регионов заключается в том, что должны произойти реальные прорывы в философии образования, в идеологии педагогического и образовательного развития.
Автор отмечает факт того, что сегодня уже можно вести речь о том, что самодостаточные региональные системы образования, интегрируясь в мировое пространство, активно взаимодействуют с другими государствами, определяя и прокладывая свои индивидуальные пути сотрудничества и экспорта образовательных услуг. Для выполнения такой функции они имеют все необходимые законодательные основания и нормативные поло-
Гаязов Альфис Суфиянович, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАО, академик АНРБ, президент Академии наук РБ (Уфа), e-mail: Gayazov.A@bashkortostan.ru
Alfis S. Gayazov, Prof. Dr.Sc. (Pedagogical Sciences), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Full Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, President of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Ufa), e-mail: Gayazov.A@bashkortostan.ru
© Gayazov A.S. (Гаязов А.С.), 2018
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЯ. 2018/1 (79)
жения, богатый опыт работы по превращению образования в созидательную силу в политической и экономической сферах. Именно в этом и проявляется ведущая роль образования в современном мире.
Ключевые слова: развитие и модернизация образования, новые условия развития образовательных систем, образование как фактор развития общества и личности, усиление лидирующих позиций образования в обществе, ведущая роль образования в перспективах развития и трансформации общества
Alfis S. Gayazov
MODERN WORLD AND THE LEADING ROLE OF EDUCATION
Abstract
The article deals with the issues and prospective trends in the development of the system of education in the Republic of Bashkortostan. To the author's mind, the reason of the education refinement is the inclusion of the Republic of Bashkortostan into the system of the international information and communication space, the relevant data being used in foreign universities and scientific centers' database. The higher education institutions of the Republic have a real potential that allows them to take the rightful place in the Russian and world communities.
The article also reveals the prerequisites for acquiring the leading part by education, gives the definition and characteristics of this phenomenon. Today one can already say that self-sufficient regional educational systems actively interact with other countries and states, defining and charting their individual routes for cooperation and export of educational services. To fulfill this function, they have all the necessary legislative grounds and regulations, a wealth of experience in turning education into a creative force in the political and economic spheres. It is in this that the leading role of education in the modern world is manifested.
Key words: development and modernization of education, new conditions for educational systems' development, education as a factor of social and individual development, strengthening of the leading positions of education in society, the leading role of education in the prospects for the development and transformation of society
General characteristics of the education system of the Republic of Bashkortostan
The system of education in the Republic of Bashkortostan is one of the largest systems in the Russian Federation: the Republic takes the 4th place by the number of pedagogical staff and students (from the population of more than 4,0 million people over 800,000 are students and pupils and about 150,000 are pedagogical staff, 35,000 of whom are teachers of higher education institutions and secondary specialized colleges).
Higher education in the Republic of Bashkortostan is represented with 10 state independent higher education institutions, 15 branches of Russia's state higher education institutions, 2 non-state independent higher education institutions and 6 branches of Russian non-state higher education institutions.
Personnel's training is carried out in over 300 fields and specialities of higher professional education.
The total body of the students of the higher education institutions is over 105,4 thousand people, 96,4 of whom are the students of the state higher education institutions and 9,0 thousand persons study in the non-state higher education institutions. Higher education teaching personnel of the universi-
ties of the Republic of Bashkortostan are about 5,700 people, over 900 of whom are Doctors of Science and more than 3,500 people are Candidates of Science. The Republic of Bashkortostan has its own Academy of Sciences that unites all the workers in the field of science in the region.
The reason of the education refinement over the personnel training in the higher education institutions is the inclusion of the Republic of Bashkortostan into the system of the international information and communication space, the relevant data being used in foreign universities and scientific centers' database.
The higher education institutions of the Republic have a real potential that allows them to take the rightful place in the Russian and world communities.
Prerequisites for acquiring the leading part by education
Constitutions of almost all countries declare the necessity of gradual transformation of the society into a social society. Nowadays we face the task to form not only a civil social society but an educational society.
An educational society is a society in which the main target for every person turns out to be getting proper education as the factor that satisfies the fundamental rights of people (as it is declared in the Declaration of Human Rights), which in its turn forms their responsibility for the development of the society and its biosphere on the whole on its way to noosphere. The main thing is the answer to the question - what is the role of knowledge in the present-day social processes? The society that is upcoming after the modern society is supposed to be rather a knowledge-based society, or a knowledge society or a learning society rather than a society based on the proliferation of industry and knowledge.
The system of education in Russia, though it has its own laws is closely connected with all dynamic processes that are taking place in economy, social and political life of the present-day society which is striving for democratic innovations. Education in the modern world is part and parcel of the social reproduction - that is why the socio-economic development of the society has its reflection in the system of education on the whole and the functioning of its institutions in particular. At the same time education being a reflection of social and cultural processes in society becomes a creative force that is capable of forming "human capital". Education not only registers amendments in the society but also governs the evolutionary process, determines the type of the society that is being constructed.
The relations between education and the existing types of environment are but evident when one takes a general overview of this. At present due to renovation tempo of technology and technique, the demands for new labour management, economic challenges, marketisation, there has appeared the necessity of training new types of specialists who are capable of not only accumulating the experience of previous generations, being academically and professionally biased but also being multifunctionally trained for creative activities. Education as a social institution from being always somewhere behind social and economic processes in the society in Russia is gradually turning into a crucial stimulating factor that is correlated with perspective objectives the present-day society faces up to and which has an impact on the development and the enrichment of social-cultural traditions in society. In this case the leading concept of the present-day education turns to be a humanitarian concept of the education development, which means that education should be transformed into a new type. This type of education
presupposes learning and acquisition of universal values, the latest achievements in science and technology, diversity in experience, which will help reveal students' creativity on the basis of their self-identification as subjects in the cultural and historic process.
Thus, education is a fundamental factor in nurturing a personality, in the development of society and the state and it is a strategic resource in providing national security of the country. Education creates and increases intellectual, spiritual and economic potential of the nation, helps to form a real Russian citizen. Education is a cultural basis of the society that can be regarded as a non-standard social genetic mechanism of human social experience, which makes possible the realization of the inner potential of a personality, meaning those natural forces in people that are the object of attention and influence.
There is every reason for us to say that the targets formulated above can be achieved upon only one ground - if the education has a leading role in the society. The leading role of education means first of all orientation of all educating activities and their results onto the perspective demands in economy, in industrial and non-industrial spheres. The leading role of education also signifies new quality in training specialists in teaching and professional spheres, it also means the shaping in students striving for getting knowledge, a desire for acquisition of new knowledge during one's entire life, for continuing their activities as long as possible. The leading role of education presupposes not the adaptation of educational institutions to the market system but rather correlation of their functioning in the market economy. The latter is treated as a positive fact in present-day Russia which stimulates and makes more dynamic all aspects of educational institutions of higher professional education. All things mentioned above demand expansion of educational services, which presupposes vast diversity of training courses. The leading role of education also signifies the necessity to make a new model of secondary and professional education which answers all demands of the present-day social and economic relations in the society on the whole and social development.
As it turns out the system of education should be launched onto a creative and innovational level. But there is an unanswered question as to what are the strategic directions in which one can find the reflection of renovation processes at large? For the elaboration of the educational strategy in the country one
must first of all make a system out of that mass of knowledge, faiths, cultures, technology not rejected by mankind and the Man. The demand of the present-day situation in the system of education in Russia is that there should be real breakthroughs in the philosophy of education, in the policy of pedagogic and learning development.
International cooperation and exporting educational services
The universities are the initiators and participants of many international projects. They have partnership relations with the leading foreign universities and organizations.
Today the higher education institutions of the Republic of Bashkortostan co-operate actively with the universities of the People's Republic of China and other lands in the sphere of education and science.
Take certain examples concerning cooperation with the PRCh. Over the last years 78 students of PRC study at the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, 63 people are students of Bashkir State University, there is a post-graduate student in Ufa State Aviation Technical University and 2 graduates in Bashkir State Pedagogical University.
Bashkir State University has established cooperation contracts with Liaoning University, Liaoning University of Technology and University of Technology. Ufa State Aviation Technical University cooperates with Nanking University of Science and Technology, Nanking University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Harbin University of Technology; memorandum of cooperation is also signed with Nanchang Air University. Ufa State University of Economy and Service has made a frame cooperation contract with Tientsin Institute of Professional Education that considers exchange of students, teachers and swapping scientists' programmes. Ufa State Petroleum Technological University established close ties with China University of Oil (Beijing), Liaoning University of Oil And Chemicals (Liaoning province), China University of Oil Technology (Guangdong, Shandong province) and South-Western University of Oil Technology (Chen-du, Sichuan province).
Bashkir State Agrarian University has signed up cooperation agreements with the universities and institutes of China (Academy of Land Development (Heilongjiang province), Jiamusi branch of Hei-longjiang Agricultural Science Academy, Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang Agrarian University and Jiamusi Agrarian Institute).
Bashkir State Medical University is a member of Russian-Chinese Association of medical universities. Accordingly, the head of Bashkir State Medical University made an official visit to Harbin Medical University (July, 2014).
Bashkir State University has five contracts of scientific and educational cooperation with the universities of PRC. Under the additional agreement to the contracts of science and educational cooperation Bashkir State University and Liaoning University, Nanchang University and Eastern Chinese University Czaotun successfully exchange student programmes (exchange education) and exchange teachers programmes are carried out. There are 63 students and postgraduates from PRC. Nowadays the head of department of Russian as a foreign language of Nanchang University Ms Chzhan Myan teaches Chinese as an additional course in Bashkir State University. Ryabczeva Anna Ser-geevna, a Candidate of Philological Science, the reader in foreign languages of Bashkir State University, Philology Department teaches Russian as a foreign language at the additional courses in Nanchang University for students of all specialities.
Every year the universities exchange students who can study for a tuition-free degree under the additional agreement to the contract of science and educational cooperation between Bashkir State University and Liaoning University. Nowadays there are 63 students from PRC in Bashkir State University.
The contract of science and educational cooperation with Liaoning University considers inviting a lecturer for teaching Chinese as a foreign language to the students of Bashkir State University.
There are also the courses of Chinese in Bashkir State University for students of all specialities.
From the 2012-2013 academic year in the Science and Pedagogical Center of Bashkir State Pedagogical University "A Practical Course of Chinese" programme is carried out within the frame of additional education. 9 students have been educated by the 72 hours programme of the courses and have taken the relevant certificates.
Over the last years 10 students study according to an additional education programme "A Practical Course of Chinese".
So we can see that during the last years due to the cooperation between the universities of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the People's Republic of China the relations between our countries have strengthened. The students of our universities who study under the student exchange programmes learn
the culture, traditions and customs of the other country, learn the language and acquire new knowledge in the universities of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the People's Republic of China. Teachers' and scientists' exchange programmes provide the opportunity to adopt our partners' practices and share our experience in the sphere of personnel training. We hope that our partnership relations will strengthen and our cooperation will establish close links between our countries.
Conclusion
Today one can already say that self-sufficient regional educational systems actively interact with other countries and states, defining and charting their individual routes for cooperation and export of educational services. To fulfill this function, they have all the necessary legislative grounds and regulations, a wealth of experience in turning education into a creative force in the political and economic spheres. It is in this that the leading role of education in the modern world is manifested.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Gayazov A. Leading Role of Education in the Society. - Society for Research into Higher Education (SHRE). Annual Research Conference 2010. 13th/14th December 2010, Newport, Wales, UK. P. 430-432 (Га-язов А.С. Ведущая роль образования в обществе // Общество по изучению вопросов высшего образования. Ежегодная научная конференция. 13-14 де-
кабря 2010 г. Ньюпорт, Уэльс, Великобритания. С. 430-432).
2. Гаязов А.С. Лидирующая роль образования в обществе. Уфа: Изд-во БГПУ, 2011. 153 с.
3. Гаязов А.С. Развитие этнообразовательного пространства и интернационализация современного образования. М.: ИКЦ «Академкнига», 2014. 190 с.
4. Гаязов А.С. Совершенстование правового поля образования: методология, теория, практика регионов. Уфа: Башкирский государственный университет, 2015. 104 с.
REFERENCES
1. Gayazov, A. Leading Role of Education in the Society. - Society for Research into Higher Education (SHRE). Annual Research Conference 2010. 13th/14th December 2010, Newport, Wales, UK. P. 430-432.
2. Gayazov, A.S. Lidiruyushchaya rol'obrazovaniya v obshchestve [Leading Role of Education in the Society]. Ufa: Bashkir State Pedagogical University Press, 2011. 153 p. (in Russ.).
3. Gayazov, A.S. Razvitie etnoobrazovatel'nogo prostranstva i internatsionalizatsiya sovremennogo obrazovaniya [The Development of Ethnoeducational Space and Internationalization of Modern Society]. Moscow: Akademkniga Press, 2014. 190 p. (in Russ.).
4. Gayazov, A.S. Sovershenstvovanie pravovogo polya obrazovaniya: metodologiya, teoriya, praktika re-gionov [The Improvement of Legal Educational Environment: Methodology, Theory, and Regional Practice]. Ufa: Bashkir State University Press, 2015. 104 p. (in Russ.).
